Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad viral, considerada uno de los mayores retos por el creciente problema en la salud pública de representación endémo-epidémico, transmitido por mosquitos del género Aedes aegypti. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia e inmunidad al virus dengue y los factores de riesgos en Latinoamérica. Métodos: El estudio fue de diseño documental, de tipo descriptivo, nivel explicativo, en el cual se analizaron un total de 20 artículos con información referente a las variables de estudio correspondiente a los últimos 10 años. Utilizando bases de datos como Medline, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, Redalyc y Google Académico. Resultados: Los países con más afectación con la prevalencia del virus fueron Brasil y Republica Dominicana, en Estados Unidos se midió el impacto y eficacia de la vacuna de dengue para generar inmunidad en personas de 2 a 16 años, dando los siguientes resultados de 35.000 inoculados hasta el año 3 después de la primera dosis, la protección de la vacuna tuvo una eficacia de un 65%. Conclusiones: El dengue es una enfermedad que afecta de manera crítica al ser humano causada por un virus, transmitido por mosquitos, afecta de 50 a 100 millones de personas y que causa una alta mortalidad anualmente, sobre todo en regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta.   Palabras clave: Aedes aegypti, virus del dengue, epidemiologia, incidencia, mortalidad.   ABSTRACT   Introduction: Dengue is a viral disease, considered one of the greatest challenges due to the growing public health problem of endemic-epidemic representation, transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti genus. Objective: to describe the prevalence and immunity to the dengue virus and the risk factors in Latin America. Methods: The study was of a documentary design of the type of study is descriptive, explanatory level, a total of 30 articles were analyzed from which information was extracted regarding the study variables corresponding to the last 10 years. Results: The countries most affected by the prevalence of the virus were Brazil and the Dominican Republic. In the United States, the impact and efficacy of the dengue vaccine was measured to generate immunity in people aged 2 to 16 years, giving the following results of 35,000 inoculated up to year 3 after the first dose, the protection of the vaccine was 65% effective. Conclusion: Dengue is a disease that critically affects humans caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, affects 50 to 100 million people and causes about 25.000 deaths annually, especially in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, dengue virus, epidemiology, incidence, mortality  

El hipoadrenocortisismo es una enfermedad poco diagnosticada o subdiagnosticada, dentro de la medicina veterinaria de pequeñas especies en Ecuador. El objetivo del presente estudio es reportar el tratamiento y el diagnóstico de esta patología para lograr identificar en etapas tempranas y administrar una correcta terapéutica. La paciente llega a consulta, por un cuadro inespecífico, los tutores reportan que tiembla, esta inapetente y ha disminuido la actividad física hace 3 días. En otro servicio la recetaron omeprazol a 1mg/kg y meloxicam a 0.05mg/kg. El equipo médico del Hospital Argos identifica en la evaluación física mucosas húmedas y rosadas, TRC 4 segundos, FR: jadeo, dolor abdominal craneal severo. Estado de consciencia normal, pulso débil, SpO2: 93%, presión sistólica: 145mmHg. Se le sugieren exámenes generales en el Hospitales Veterinario Argos, hemograma, química sanguínea, coproparasitario, ecografía abdominal y lipasa pancreática. En donde resalta una neutrofilia moderada, hiponatremia y hipercalemia, con lipasa pancreática positiva (snap IDEXX). Se evalúa el cuadro junto con el servicio de Endocrinovet, y se determina un posible cuadro de hipoadrenocortisismo. Se indica una medición basal de cortisol, el cual resulta <1ug/dl, lo cual es altamente sospechoso de la enfermedad, ante la falta de disponibilidad de ACTH (gold standard de diagnóstico), para realizar una estimulación, para un diagnóstico definitivo, se decide instaurar tratamiento, por los exámenes y la clínica del paciente. En el presente se reportan las ventajes y desventajas del tratamiento instaurado en la paciente (fludrocortisona), en comparación con el tratamiento de elección pivalato de desoxicorticosterona, junto con la evolución del cuadro clínico de la paciente. El hipoadrenocortisismo es una enfermedad poco diagnosticada o subdiagnosticada, dentro de la medicina veterinaria de pequeñas especies en Ecuador. El objetivo del presente estudio es reportar el tratamiento y el diagnóstico de esta patología para lograr identificar en etapas tempranas y administrar una correcta terapéutica. La paciente llega a consulta, por un cuadro inespecífico, los tutores reportan que tiembla, esta inapetente y ha disminuido la actividad física hace 3 días. En otro servicio la recetaron omeprazol a 1mg/kg y meloxicam a 0.05mg/kg. El equipo médico del hospital argos identifica en la evaluación física mucosas húmedas y rosadas, TRC 4 segundos, FR: jadeo, dolor abdominal craneal severo. Estado de consciencia normal, pulso débil, SpO2: 93%, presión sistólica: 145mmHg. Se le sugieren exámenes generales en el Hospitales Veterinario Argos, hemograma, química sanguínea, coproparasitario, ecografía abdominal y lipasa pancreática. En donde resalta una neutrofilia moderada, hiponatremia y hipercalemia, con lipasa pancreática positiva (snap IDEXX). Se evalúa el cuadro junto con el servicio de Endocrinovet, y se determina un posible cuadro de hipoadrenocortisismo. Se indica una medición basal de cortisol, el cual resulta <1ug/dl, lo cual es altamente sospechoso de la enfermedad, ante la falta de disponibilidad de ACTH (gold standard de diagnóstico), para realizar una estimulación, para un diagnóstico definitivo, se decide instaurar tratamiento, por los exámenes y la clínica del paciente. En el presente se reportan las ventajes y desventajas del tratamiento instaurado en la paciente (fludrocortisona), en comparación con el tratamiento de elección pivalato de desoxicorticosterona, junto con la evolución del cuadro clínico de la paciente.

Quality assurance in universities worldwide is increasingly important and transcendent, since it is a vital process to generate a culture of quality in universities that tends to permanent and continuous improvement. The article aims to address and highlight the relevance of ethical and moral principles for the success of the phases of quality assurance: i) self-regulation, ii) self-assessment and iii) accreditation or certification. The success of the results achieved in a quality assurance process must necessarily be accompanied by ethical standards throughout the organization; from the construction of evaluation policies, the discrimination of information and expression of value judgments of different evidence, standards or indicators, the formation of the evaluation team, whether external or internal, preparation of reports, etc.; guaranteeing transparency, integrity and veracity in the evaluation processes of a career, postgraduate or institution. The methodology of the article includes the review and selection of different scientific articles, analysis and reporting of the results; and is complemented by the experience of the authors in quality assurance processes.

This work is based on demonstrating through physical and physiological indicators that the human-animal bond goes beyond utilitarianism, showing how the ethical treatment of animals reinforces secure bonds and the relationship with them. For this purpose, the taming process of 20 Criollo horses at Hacienda Chisinche Machachi was studied for 6 months. We compared two types of taming frequently used in Ecuador: Natural Horsemanship which consists of a process of respecting the limits of tolerance and Traditional Horsemanship which is the most common and is based on the purpose of riding as the final goal, regardless of the method. After analyzing in an Ethogram based on the evaluation of classical dressage, the body language was evaluated with 41 signs distributed in 8 behaviors and 2 physiological factors. An arithmetic indicator of the process was established. When comparing the two methodologies, it was found that the animals tamed in a natural way presented a lower presence of behavioral conflicts (p<0.01), as well as better physiological recovery based on basal heart rate (p<0.01). It can be concluded that the use of non-abrasive techniques reinforces the human animal bond, generating a positive relationship.

From the vision of indigenous peoples, communities and nationalities, their territory constitutes a natural resource, a source of knowledge, traditions and insights where life unfolds. However, this way of understanding their territory can be constrained by the Ecuadorian State by not observing the application and practice of these ancestral customs that respond to a community tradition. In the present work, a qualitative research is used through documentary observation on the various aspects of the struggles, rights and principles that govern their indigenous worldview regarding their territory, for this we will analyze the Ecuadorian legal regulations and compare them with the purpose of evidencing from their ancestral worldview the right to community property as a human right recognized from a national and international context.

Medicine has had a scientific vanguard with valuable technological developments in pediatric intensive care units, however, these invasive and expensive treatments in children with life-limiting pathologies prolong death without major benefits. Therefore, the bioethical orientation towards the limitation of life support allows a dignified death in pediatric patients with irreversible diseases. Therefore, a review of the existing interdisciplinary bibliography was prepared using the Prisma methodology with inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed scientific articles in English and Spanish, from January 1, 2018, to September 30, 2022, with the databases: Cochrane Library, Pubmed, ProQuest, Science Direct and Scopus with Keywords: "Child Advocacy", "Ethics", "Futility", "Do Not Attempt Resuscitation", "Decision Making". From which four relevant themes emerge: 1) futility; 2) suffering; 3) clinical criteria; and 4) best interests of the child, which together guide the limitation of life support in critical pediatric patients with life-limiting diseases from bioethics.   Key Words: Child Advocacy, Ethics, Medical Futility, Do Not Attempt Resuscitation, Decision Making.

The concepts of inclusion have evolved over the years, as it gains importance and makes its way into the different social branches as a tireless search for collective balance. There is evidence of an advance of the theoretical perceptions that were held in antiquity with those that are handled today, obtaining support even with international regulations. However, despite this progress as humanity, the reality of people with special educational needs reveals deficiencies. However, in the area of ​​education, it is always intended to fit in with inclusion to meet the needs of the participants in the teaching-learning process. The article analyzes the instructions used by some universities in Cuenca to regulate the inclusion process in their institutions, considering the scope, legal support, extension, viability, involved in the preparation and approval of documents to reach a hypothesis about the functionality thereof. Keywords: Inclusion, Disability, Instructional, Higher Education, Regular

In this work, a descriptive analysis of the public works processes is carried out based on the fulfillment of the scope of the work to answer the questions from the point of view of the management of the scope of the projects, the public works contracts that are executed in Ecuador meet the requirements and planned activities?; Does the validation and control of the planned scope affect the savings generated for the Ecuadorian State during the purchase process? And, is there a relationship between the planned scope and the claims in public works contracting? To obtain the answers, the published information of 987 work processes is used for subsequent analysis and classification of the results, among which it is highlighted that in 15% of the processes with claims, the common factor is the planned scope of the work. . From the analyzed sample, 193 public institutions that executed work processes emerge, of which 47 institutions have developed their processes without claim. On the other hand, 35 public institutions have claims in all the processes launched and 90 institutions have claims in more than 50% of their work processes. In conclusion, controls should be proposed and regulated to improve scope management in public works as a strategy to reduce possible acts of corruption in public procurement.

La exitosa realización del “III Congreso Internacional de Ética en Cuenca, Ciudad Universitaria”, los días 23, 24 y 25 de noviembre del año dos mil veinte y dos, bajo la responsabilidad de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca y en el marco institucional de la Red Universitaria y Ciudadana de Ética y Bioética, RUCEB, de la cual esta distinguida institución forma parte junto a la Universidad del Azuay, Universidad de Cuenca y Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, fue el momento propicio para que el ya sostenido trabajo reflexivo sobre la ética en diferentes ámbitos del quehacer social sea presentado por estudiantes y profesores, locales, nacionales y extranjeros.