Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: El cáncer de estómago representa la segunda causa más frecuente de muerte relacionada con neoplasias en el mundo, es responsable del 8 al 10 % de todas las muertes por cáncer.Objetivo: Determinar la morbilidad y la mortalidad por cáncer gástrico en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Universitario “General Calixto García”.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal. El universo estuvo conformado por 145 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos y cálculos con valores porcentuales.Resultados: El 67,6 % de los pacientes pertenecían al sexo masculino, mientras que 87 se ubicaron en los grupos de edades entre 60 y 79 años. El 37,2 % de los pacientes presentaron lesión ulcerada infiltrante de acuerdo a la clasificación endoscópica de Borrmann. El adenocarcinoma gástrico fue el tipo histológico más encontrado. La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue la gastrectomía subtotal, y la gastroyeyunostomía. La complicación postoperatoria más frecuente la constituyó la bronconeumonía con 35 pacientes. La mayoría de los pacientes egresaron vivos.Conclusiones: La investigación sugiere que el diagnóstico precoz y la cirugía en la actualidad es la única modalidad con potencial curativo y puede elevar la calidad de vida y mejorar los índices de morbimortalidad en la población.

Introduction: The passivity of prosthetic components is one of the most important prerequisites in oral implant rehabilitation for maintenance of osseointegration.Objective: Thus, the present study analyzed in vitro the accuracy of different molding techniques in prosthetic rehabilitation on angled implants installed in an anatomical model of a metallic edentulous maxilla.Methods: Laboratory experiment study. A reference metal model of an edentulous maxilla was used. A metal framework was used for the misadaptation assessment. Three groups (n= 10) were compared and impressions were made with vinyl-polysiloxane and casts were obtained with type IV stone: (1) Impression with a metallic open-tray without splinted transfers; (2) Impression with a metallic open-tray and metal splinted transfers; (3) Impression with a multifunctional guide and metal splinted transfers. Misadaptation was assessed with the aid of a stereomicroscope and measuring software. Data were submitted to ANOVA with Welch correction and the Games-Howell post-hoc test with the significance set at 5 %.Results: Misadaptation (µm) was 110,23 ± 30,94, 37,53 ± 3,92, and 37,69 ± 2,79 for the the groups. Statistically significant differences between impression with a metallic open-tray with and without splinted transfers were observed (p < 0,001). No significant differences between the other types of impression.Conclusions: Impression with a metallic open-tray without splinted transfers and with a multifunctional guide splinted with metal transfers were the most precise methods resulting in higher accuracy in transferred implants.

Introducción. Las intervenciones comunitarias permiten promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades en el poblador.Objetivo. Describir los diagnósticos y tratamientos realizados por estudiantes de odontología en el Campamento Universitario Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Servicio.Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio epidemiológico, con el enfoque cuantitativo en el distrito de San Pablo de Pillao, provincia Huánuco, Perú. Participaron docentes y estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina, Humana, Odontología, Nutrición y Psicología. De un total de 250 asistentes a las sesiones, 95 adultos fueron atendidos en la consulta odontológica. Se realizaron sesiones educativas referidas a “anemia y desnutrición”, “enfermedades diarreicas”, “infecciones respiratorias”, “alcoholismo y violencia”, “crecimiento y desarrollo”, “lactancia materna” y “salud bucal", así como una campaña de diagnóstico y tratamiento de efecciones bucodentales. Se utilizó el programa Excel para el análisis de datos.Resultados. Se atendieron 95 pobladores adultos. El 6,3 % correspondió a edéntulos totales y el 40 % a edéntulos parciales. De los dentados, el 97,3 % presentó caries dental con un promedio de índice CPOD (suma de los dientes cariados + dientes perdidos + dientes obturados, en la dentición pemanente) de 2,08 ± 1,56. Con respecto al estado periodontal, el 38,9 % presentó inflamación gingival severa. En los adultos se realizó 35 restauraciones, 28 exodoncia y 8 ajustes de prótesis. En adultos y niños se realizaron fluorizaciones y cinco actividades educativas de promoción de la salud.Conclusiones. La presencia de caries y enfermedad gingival fue altamente prevalente; las principales actividades terapéuticas realizadas en el campamento fueron las restauraciones y exodoncia.

Introduction: The volumetric preservation of bone and soft tissue after a tooth extraction has special relevance in the esthetic zone when it will be rehabilitated by a dental implant.Objective: Describe the prosthodontics treatment in a socket with advanced buccal bone resorption, with a flapless technique for guided bone regeneration and with a dental implant and implant-supported single fixed prosthesis.Case presentation: A case is presented of a male 62-year-old partially dentate patient. Radiographic examination showed the presence of advanced buccal bone resorption in relation to the maxillary left lateral incisor. It was a result of the root displacement secondary to root fracture. In a first surgical phase the lateral incisor was extracted using an atraumatic periotome technique. Particulate cortical bone allograft was compacted into the site to fill the space that was previously occupied by the root of the tooth. Temporary restoration was performed using the extracted natural tooth, which was adhesively bonded to the adjacent teeth. Four months after grafting the extraction site showed an adequate height and width of the bone. In a second surgical phase, an implant was placed. Six months after implant placement, osseointegration was clinically confirmed and a provisional crown was screwed on the implant performed. The final restoration with a zirconium dioxide abutment and a full ceramic crown was obtained and cemented.Conclusions: Regeneration of the buccal plate was possible through the use of particulate cortical bone allograft and a resorbable collagen membrane adapted to the bone defect and placed in a position to recreate the buccal plate. This allowed the installation of an implant 4 months later, the procedure allowing esthetic and functional results using a single fixed prosthesis.

Introduction: During odontogenesis, congenital malformations can occur that affect teeth shape, number, size, structure, position, color and eruption. In people with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, intellectual development disorder, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder, a variety of dental abnormalities can occur.Objective: To describe dental anomalies in such disability conditions as cerebral palsy, intellectual development disorder, Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder.Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the databases Clinical Key, Medline, Dialnet and SciELO. The PRISMA checklist was applied.Information analysis and integration: After reading and analyzing the information, 800 articles were retrieved from the databases, of which 590 were deleted because they were repeated. After the discrimination, 210 were pending to review; the remaining ones were reviewed full-text. 193 were deleted because they did not do any reference to dental anomalies and/or disorders or syndromes. Of the remaining 17, only 15 met the inclusion criteria.Conclusions: No differences were found to affirm that some of the anomalies and alterations presented correspond individually to each type of disability. However, Down syndrome has dental abnormalities related to patient condition. Cerebral palsy coincides with other findings such as bruxism, due to poor muscle development, which affects the oral cavity and its structures.

Introducción: La crioanestesia es una forma de anestesia tópica utilizada en procedimientos médicos menores aprovechando el descenso o inhibición del umbral doloroso causado por el estímulo térmico. Es posible emplearla en procedimientos sobre tejidos dentales para complementar la anestesia con fármacos y combatir el fracaso anestésico.Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos sobre el uso y aplicación de la crioanestesia dental en odontología.Métodos: Revisión exploratoria de la literatura científica y gris, donde se evaluó la disminución de la sensación dolorosa empleando frío sin alcanzar congelación del tejido dental. Fueron consultadas las bases de datos Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, SciELO, Elsevier y Science Direct. La búsqueda en Google Académico se realizó eliminando las entradas repetidas y limitada a los 100 primeros resultados. La investigación cubrió el periodo de 1941 hasta diciembre de 2018 y se utilizó la lista de comprobación PRISMA para ejecutar la revisión.Resultados: Cuatro artículos fueron seleccionados. Todos emplearon diferentes dispositivos, refrigerantes y escalas para valoración del dolor; sin embargo, todos reportaron ausencia de dolor en algunas de sus muestras.Conclusión: Se identificó evidencia escasa y antigua con desigualdad en las escalas de valoración, protocolos clínicos, sustancias refrigerantes y dispositivos utilizados.

Introduction: Chronic mandibular osteomyelitis is considered to be an odontogenic infection manifesting as facial tumefaction, limited mouth opening and pain. It is not often enough treated with ciprofloxacin fixation gammagraphies with the consequent achievement of effective results.Objective: Describe a clinical case of chronic mandibular osteomyelitis treated with antibiotic and surgical therapy.Case presentation: A female 63-year-old patient attends the dental service at María Auxiliadora Hospital in Lima, Peru, with a history of three-months' swelling of the lower left edge of her mandible upon performance of a dental extraction. Tomographic examination, gammagraphy, biopsy and antibiograms confirmed the presence of osteomyelitis and bacterial susceptibility. Decortication, debridement, exodontia and administration of metronidazole plus vancomycin for two months led to remission of the patient's status.Conclusions: Two-year clinical follow-up and evaluation gammagraphies made it possible to verify the presence of bone regeneration and the absence of reactivation foci. Chronic osteomyelitis may be caused by remains of dental exodontias. Its diagnosis and clinical follow-up require a large number of long-term tests and controls.

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Introduction: Dental pulp cells have the capacity to respond to local and systemic stimuli by activating osteopontin, forming pulp calcifications, blocking root canals and modifying internal anatomy, in such a way that they intensify in people with diabetes mellitus.Objective: Determine whether there is a greater presence of calcifications in the pulp chamber of patients with diabetes mellitus vs. patients without diabetes mellitus.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional retrospective case-control study was conducted of medical records and digital periapical radiographs of patients attending undergraduate dental clinics (prosthesis, restoration, comprehensive, periodontics) and graduate dental clinics (periodontics and surgical implantology) of Andrés Bello University, Chile, in the period 2017-2018. A sample was selected of 617 teeth (45 patients) from the clinical database upon applying exclusion and inclusion criteria. The sample was divided into two groups: a case group, formed by 228 undamaged teeth from 22 patients with diabetes mellitus, and a control group, formed by 389 undamaged teeth from 23 patients without diabetes mellitus. Prior calibration was performed by the researchers to identify and classify the pulp calcifications during their radiographic analysis. Chi-squared statistical inferences were made to establish the significance of the results obtained.Results: The teeth from the 22 diabetic patients had more chamber calcifications than the teeth from the 23 nondiabetic patients, for 50% calcified teeth in diabetic patients (n= 114) and 26% in nondiabetic patients (n= 101). This result was statistically significant (p-value< 0.001).Conclusions: Patients with diabetes mellitus were found to be more prone to form chamber calcifications, due to the increase in glucose present in the blood which activates osteopontin.