Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Faced with the traditional history of medicine and public health, from the Social Sciences and Humanities a renewal has emerged in the ways of studying disease. Within these new perspectives of analysis and with the aim of making a contribution to the provincial historiography, we do not propose a first overview of the actions undertaken to combat tuberculosis in Mendoza during the democratic governorships (1932-1943). On the one hand, the role of a civil society entity such as the Argentine League Against Tuberculosis will be observed, attending to two key aspects: the services provided through its dispensary and the work carried out through education and health propaganda. In this process, the public-private relationship will be observed, that is, the link that the provincial State maintained with that non-profit institution, both in terms of economic resources and in other aspects of health policy. In relation to the fight against tuberculosis, the role of a group of professionals (doctors) inside and outside the State will also be observed, that is, their trajectories not only as agents of private organizations, but also in the public and political sphere.

The manuscript aims to present the political discourses of disability dissident activists around the Telethon campaign in Chile between 2016-2020. Paying special attention to the meanings and practices that are played around the disability category. It problematizes the role played by the State and civil society in the dispute for political hegemony towards children with disabilities in Chile. Among the findings, the main theme is: 1) Economy of punishment: the dictatorship of charity and two sub-themes: 1.1) Manifesting discontent: actions against communicational and media authoritarianism; 1.2) Dismantling the enabling ideology: the shadow of solidarity. It is concluded that the difficulty in eradicating the campaign is based on a strategic alliance between the neoliberal model, charity and spectacle as a mechanism of social stratification and oppression.

This paper is based on the analysis of the emergence and development of Telethon in different countries, with emphasis on Chile, Mexico, and the weight of its International Telethon Organization. In the case of Mexico, through its permanent metamorphosis, this politically, economically and symbolically chameleon-like actor has been able to walk through imprecise levels that allow it to reposition itself permanently through changing relationships with other positions in the field, modifying the discourses, representations and imaginaries that it manipulates and transforms according to "what is at stake in the field". It has gone from being an instance that presents in its campaigns and television shows the most pitiful vision of disability and has deals with governments through which it obtains donations and resources, to evaluate, together with others, the Mexican State before the Follow-up Committee on the fulfillment of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The same Committee that in its 2014 observations requested the Mexican State not to grant more state resources to Telethon, but which neither Telethon nor the government took into account since they recently signed an agreement by which Telethon receives federal budget to provide health and rehabilitation services.

Among the changes that international trade has undergone is the optimization of supply chain management (GCS) to last in the market with a good distribution network and customer service. The purpose of the article was to analyze the management of the supply chain and the internationalization capacity of SMEs in the province of El Oro, through documentary review and statistical analysis. This is a study with a quantitative approach that was carried out through ad-hoc surveys of 90 SMEs in the province of El Oro. The analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive method and the systematization method were used. The results were analyzed by IBM SPSS and Smart LPS, using statistical techniques that indicated that there is a relationship between inventory management and the distribution process for supply chain management. The results also showed that the correct distribution and commercialization process enhances the internationalization of SMEs and that inventory management does not influence the interest in internationalization. In other words, to promote the internationalization of SMEs, proper inventory management must be carried out through an efficient distribution and marketing process.

The present work allows to characterize the basic functionalities of the traceability and how to contribute to the development of the electronic commerce in the current. For the development of the investigation, a qualitative approach is used, employing theoretical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods to characterize the logistics and feasibility practices. Similarly, to analyze concepts such as electronic commerce and the B2C (business to consumer) business model. As a result, the theoretical bases on the modern operation of the functionality related to electronic commerce were obtained, simplifying traditional processes and expanding a technological network that contributes to different areas of control, organization and supervision of products and services. At the end of this work, a general perspective of the influence of the digital age in the commercial and logistical processes is presented, in addition to how the mind of the virtual consumer has changed with the purchase and delivery of the goods.

Through a bibliometric analysis and multivariate statistical analysis techniques, the theoretical structure of social entrepreneurship was analyzed through the exploration and determination of the relationship between the dimensions and variables that make up this construct. The research allowed determining the relationships between four dimensions with their corresponding variables: social, governmental, strategic promotion of social entrepreneurship and social research device. It was found that, in the countries with better development in the field of social entrepreneurship, there was a balance between its theoretical and practical development. Social research devices were highlighted to provide a theoretical basis and use the information and knowledge management framework. It was also revealed that the most developed economies, paradoxically, are those that show the best theoretical and practical indicators of social entrepreneurship, in contrast to developing countries, where the solution to social problems accumulated for centuries, in a sustainable way, is more imperative. On the other hand, social entrepreneurship can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals in countries with weaker economies, but its promotion must be planned and applied with a practical approach, based on economic-commercial development that supports the romantic or political ideal.

In a globalized world, economies seek to boost trade relations with other countries. Such is the case of the United States, which adopts preferential systems in favor of vulnerable countries, in order to increase trade. Precisely, one of the beneficiary countries of its preferential systems was Ecuador. Regarding this, the objective was to determine the evolution of the Preferential Trade Agreements granted by the United States to Ecuador. The scientific methods used were historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive. For the theoretical information search, databases such as Dialnet, EBSCO, Redalyc, Scielo, REDIB, among others, were accessed. The United States International Trade Commission [USITC] program was used for the collection of statistical data. As a result, from 1976 to 2020 Ecuador was a beneficiary of three Preferential Trade Agreements by the United States. This was: the Generalized System of Preference (GSP), the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) and the Andean Tariff Preferences and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA), which have positively influenced Ecuadorian exports. It is concluded that, once the tariff benefits of these Preferential Trade Agreements were completed, Ecuador was at a competitive disadvantage compared to its neighboring countries.

There is no consensus on whether quality management can always be developed with the same mechanisms, regardless of the size of the companies. Investigations in various latitudes have been motivated to lead to a conclusion in this regard, among other reasons for the great diversity of classification criteria of companies according to their size. This investigation aims to characterize the extent to which the quality management practices of micro and small enterprises in Ecuador differ from the practices of this discipline in medium and large enterprises. For this, information on the way in which the activity is developed in 992 organizations of the population under study was used and the degree of presence of determining variables in quality management was characterized. Among other results, the existence of significant differences in quality management depending on the size of the companies was found.

The article analyzes the committee hearings in the national lower Chamber of Deputies in Argentina in 2020, in which different national ministers and state secretaries took part, with the purpose of reporting on the policies implemented in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study’s starting point is that, in addition to fulfilling a legislative role, national legislators serve as territorial representatives. Legislators’ interventions at committee meetings are analyzed and classified, considering whether and how they mention the district represented. The results suggest that, during the pandemic, Congress not only fulfilled its role of controlling the executive, but it also served as an informational transmission channel to the national executive on the heterogeneous territorial dimension of the problems caused by the pandemic, in different areas of public policy.