Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In Mexico, the increasing sedentary lifestyle of the school population is a serious concern for public health and sports institutions. Including baseball as part of extracurricular sports is one of the challenges of the authorities of the morning sports school "Enrique Conrado Rébsamen" in Xalapa, Veracruz. From the preliminary diagnosis, with the application of interviews and surveys to teachers, sport trainers and managers, it was verified the scarce documentation, bibliographies, programs and methodological indications related to the teaching of the basic fundamentals of baseball, and specifically batting. Therefore, the objective is to propose actions for the teaching of batting in the sports school of Xalapa, Veracruz. Theoretical methods such as analytical-synthetic, historical-logical, inductive-deductive, and modeling were used. From the empirical level, observation, interview, survey, document review, the Iadov technique, methodological triangulation and expert criteria were used; in addition, the statistical-mathematical method was used and the Kendall coefficient of concordance (W) was calculated. The result demonstrates the strengths of the actions for the integration of theoretical, practical and methodological knowledge that allows designing a tool for the work of sports teachers.

The somatotype is the classification of the human figure according to three sequential elements: endomorphy or relative adiposity, mesomorphy or relative skeletal muscle development, and ectomorphy or relative linearity. The specific objectives of this study were to establish reference data for the somatotype of the team and by playing positions in Cuban female baseball players, and to compare the somatotype characteristics between playing positions, with an international population. Twenty-one athletes were evaluated through the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype technique; all were members of the national team that participated in the first Caribbean Cup and in the 2022 Pan-American qualifier. The age of the athletes was the chronological and sporting average of 26.8 and 12.4 years, respectively. The players were divided into four groups: pitchers, fielders, infielders, and first basewomen + catchers, and their average somatotypes were 4.5-5; 5-2.2; 4,3-4; 7-1.4; 4,5-4; 5-1.5; 4,2-5 and 5-1,7. The somatotype was not significantly different between players of different positions (p d" 0.05). The pitchers were the most homogeneous among the positions. Of the thirteen somatotype categories described, the Cuban players showed six. The dominant category was the mesoendomorphic somatotype and the anthropometric somatotype of the Cuban player was similar to that of the international player.

Research on corporate finance has traditionally focused on the study of short and long-term financial decisions, in particular, those that concern changes in the capital structure, sources of financing, and value maximization strategies, among others. Ergo, financial management processes are a fundamental part of corporate strategy. The ultimate objective of this paper is to analyze the financial performance of 150 companies in the Colombian manufacturing and metalworking sector in the 2019-2020 period. For this purpose, a Fisher discriminant analysis model is estimated in order to find a linear combination of economic, financial and operational variables and classify the strategic business units. This set of parameters provides information on the sources and triggers of instability, caused by internal dynamics of the sector where the companies are located. The results indicate that financial fragility arises as a consequence of lack of coordination in the working capital management policy. Those speculative and Ponzi schemes exhibit worse productivity, indebtedness and liquidity indicators, compared to hedge schemes.

In general, the literature on recombinant innovation is unspecific about the novelty achieved when developing products: it results from recombinations, always novel, of existing knowledge. This view limits the types of recombinations and resources used when innovating. It would not explain the diversity of resources and recombinations associated with high, medium, and low product novelty. This paper investigates which intrinsic or constitutive characteristics of resources would facilitate less or more novel recombinations and why this would occur. The construction of explanatory typologies as a theoretical tool was the chosen methodology. The resulting typology of intrinsic characteristics states the literature focuses on existing resources likely associated with low novelty recombinations and products. A high novelty would require intrinsic characteristics facilitating the recombination of tangible resources and knowledge to form new resources. Though, the most frequent intrinsic characteristics promote medium novelty recombinations and products. With the typology, companies could evaluate ex ante the innovative potential of their resources and, thus, the novelty of recombinations and products they would facilitate. It also contributes to the literature by proposing that resources are more than existing knowledge and are intrinsically heterogeneous. Tangible resources would also be essential to create novelty. In this regard, recombinations would not always be novel. There would be specific relationships between types of resources and the novelty of recombinations and products. Theoretical propositions and a formal model suggest the possibility of predicting and quantifying these relationships.

Countries adopt different policies and strategies to boost regional growth and competitiveness. R&D is one of the most important drivers of national competitiveness because of its ability to generate knowledge and convert that knowledge into useful information to improve people’s lives and maintain economic prosperity. Innovation emerges within innovation systems. Such systems encourage collaboration among institutional and economic agents. One of the main groups of agents that foster such collaboration consists of innovation intermediaries. Technology centers (TCs) are a prime example of such intermediaries, which exert a positive impact on the business sector. Given the numerous factors influencing TC efficiency, this paper studies the key variables associated with this efficiency, providing a ranking of these variables based on the views of innovation system experts. To evaluate these variables, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used. Of the six areas identified as essential for TC activity, the impact of TCs and the types of actions they undertake are the most important aspects for improving TC and business efficiency, as well as regional competitiveness. This study highlights the role of TCs in helping companies respond to challenges with innovative solutions that foster a strong, competitive, and innovative regional business sector.

There is no academic agreement on the legal forms that could be considered social enterprises. In this sense, the question arises as to whether the social enterprises model is adopted among non-profit organizations (NPOs) and what its theorical approach is. There are remarkable coincidences between social enterprises and NPOs, nevertheless, some aspects present in the term social enterprises are not shared with the NPOs; (1) necessary continuity of business, economic or market activity and (2) transparent and accountable participatory governance model. For this reason, the objective of this study is to develop a bibliometric analysis of the level of adoption and trends within the social enterprises model among NPOs. For this purpose, the Web od Science has been used, designing the search strategy in two stages. In first place, we have searched for articles published in scientific journals and book chapters related to “social enterprises”. Second, a restriction has been introduced incorporating the term “non-profit organizations”. Both searches are also in English. 

The growing involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in solving development problems has led to an increase in the number of NGOs around the world and therefore in their visibility and influence. Although concerns about the role and responsibility of NGOs have been raised from more than 20 years, there is still a need to ensure good practices in NGOs and to determine what measures will improve NGOs’ accountability to their stakeholders. Our study aims to contribute to this initiative from the donor accountability approach. To achieve this goal, we conducted a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis to analyze the constraints and needs that donor accountability pose to NGOs. Our findings suggest that donor accountability could interfere with NGOs’ activities, leading them to generate short-term results, focus more on financial results, and feel increased pressure on overhead costs. The most recent literature opens an opportunity, however, to make upward accountability more useful for NGOs. Following this trend, we propose that donor accountability be considered as a dimension to assess NGO quality so that it becomes a powerful marketing tool to attract and retain donors.

The development of doctrine regarding suspect classification has contributed to the fact that several distinctions, prohibited from discrimination, are recognized with this status. However, on the distinction of deprivation of liberty of a person, there is no pronouncement.   The main objective of this thesis is to analyze, from a critical approach, whether such a distinction deserves to be recognized as a suspect class. For this, a deductive method was used, which deepened the jurisprudential criteria of the suspect classification protected by a jus cogens norm and a recent restrictive-differentiating measure implemented in the penitentiary system. The analysis concludes by stating that the distinction of deprivation of liberty does not exceed the standards for this recognition, because if this quality or status were granted, it would complicate the exercise of configurative freedom of the penal norm, which in the future would generate unconstitutional normative satisfactions that would hardly overcome the strict scrutiny test.

The existence of a general duty to rescue that, when breached, gives rise to civil tort liability, is highly disputed. The present work aims to analyze the different types of omissions there are, and it evaluates if nonfeasance, an omission in which the respondent did not create the risky situation for the victim, could in fact impose a compensatory obligation to the agent who omitted to deviate the course of events that caused the damage. The current paper concludes that the Ecuadorian legal system, on the grounds of the duty of care of the good parent, also known as the reasonable person under the same circumstances objective standard of care, does offer, in some cases, sufficient elements to impose civil liability to those who did not adopt an affirmative conduct to rescue the victim.