Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Presentación del monográfico Alimentación, sociedad y educación: una mirada internacional

En el presente artículo se indaga acerca de lo que en el campo pedagógico se denomina formato escolar. Mediante un ejercicio reflexivo-ensayístico se analizan los modos de dar respuesta al desafío de hacer de la escuela secundaria una propuesta inclusiva, en el contexto de la República Argentina. Para ello se abordan discusiones, experiencias y propuestas que centran su atención en diferentes aspectos de dicho formato (regulaciones de tiempos y de espacios, grupalidades que alojan, lógicas curriculares, vínculos pedagógicos, entre otros). Los sentidos que este escrito adquiere se ordenan considerando tres aristas: los debates acerca de los procesos y principios de la inclusión, un análisis de la incidencia del denominado formato escolar en la concreción de dichos procesos, y un abordaje de experiencias proclives a ello en parte del territorio argentino. En ese marco, y desde una aproximación posible a este entramado, reconocemos el desarrollo de iniciativas tendientes al cumplimiento de la obligatoriedad de la escolarización en el nivel secundario argentino, y su aporte al despliegue y cumplimiento del derecho a la educación

The purpose of this research was to propose innovative strategies that promote improvement in teaching performance in Basic General Education, District 6 Guayaquil, reflected in the classroom teaching processes. The methodology used was of a basic type and a descriptive, purposeful design. For the situational diagnosis, it was carried out through the use of data collection instruments such as the survey that allowed evaluating the dimensions of teacher performance; within the framework of application of methodological strategies and teaching styles at the time of carrying out their work, and their integration in the use of virtual technological tools. And to find the innovative strategies, a documentary review of various sources of knowledge was carried out in the databases of Scielo, Dialnet, the reference, Redalyc, Latindex, among others. Having as results a model of innovative strategies based on the theories of Connectivism, constructivism and multiple intelligences, concluding that it should be considered, from the choice of the strategy, the way of teaching and the use of technological tools that guarantee a positive impact on the teaching performance that promotes motivation and interest in learning by basic education students.

Currently, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most profitable industrial, business and commercial sectors at a global level, whose growth is due to interaction with globalization and the versatility it has had when it comes to integrating into global markets. In its historical evolution, it has gone from cataloging the benefits of various chemical substances found in plants, to defining and determining the scope of medical practice. However, commercial logic has led to the merger of various pharmaceutical companies, whose purpose is to boost the economy, monopolies and oligopolies, to the detriment of population health, which is determined by the levels of economic accessibility of the countries, which means give preferences to the access of medicines to the Global North, causing the widening of social asymmetries in peripheral countries. With this, the right to health is dismantled, which indicates the urgency of returning the human side to this industry, rethinking its objectives and dimensioning it from an ethical and critical perspective.

The new models of methodological strategies are aimed at optimizing the pedagogical processes of students, therefore, educators must select the most appropriate for the training of students. The objective of this research was to propose a model of methodological strategies to optimize pedagogical processes. The methodology that was used was a basic type of research, and a non-experimental - purposeful design, a literature review was carried out on different methodological strategies in databases such as; Scielo, Scopus, redalyc, academic Google among others, and the application of a survey addressed to 103 students of an educational institution in the province of Guayas -Ecuador, considering the degree of motivation, previous knowledge, accompaniment and evaluation. The most relevant strategies were selected: flipped classroom, collaborative and project-based learning (PBL) based on the theories of connectivism, intelligence and multiple constructivism respectively, resulting in the design of a model, based on methodological strategies, the students showed satisfied with the application of the same given that they managed to achieve significant knowledge. It is concluded that the methodological strategies implemented reflected a better performance in teachers and optimized the pedagogical processes.

Cognitive strategies represent a set of mechanisms to face the challenges of learning, becoming essential tools for the development of skills associated with doing and knowing; Given its importance, this study analyzed the relationship between cognitive strategies and mathematical skills in initial education institutions. The research was of a non-experimental, transactional, descriptive - correlational analytical type. As a starting point, scientific documents from databases such as Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, and Dialnet are reviewed. The research technique was direct observation, using a questionnaire made up of 24 items to record the corresponding indicators. The population was made up of 15 educational institutions, a non-probabilistic check was met in advance, resulting in 126 students and 7 teachers as informants. Among the results it was obtained that cognitive strategies promote the development of mental processes, activate learning and lead to the achievement of mathematical skills. Similarly, acquisition, recovery and encoding strategies are essential for storing information in memory and solving more complex problems from everyday life. Finally, the relationship between cognitive strategies and mathematical skills promote actions, from the initial level, with creativity, innovation that contributes to consolidate learning processes.  

The health pandemic caused by Covid-19 generates a series of problems in higher education; affecting mental health, deteriorating learning processes. Consequently, the present study analyzes the incidence of emotional symptoms presented by undergraduate students in Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. A descriptive correlational design is applied; the sample is 3,877 students. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) is used in a short version with 21 items. The young population shows more symptoms of psychological conditions with a higher incidence in women. Colombia presents satisfactory results in dealing with anxiety; while Mexico is the country that reports a high number of personality pathologies. It is recommended to arrange educational spaces to implement strategies that allow adequately treating the incidence of these conditions, where dialogue is presented as a tool that allows human linking to those who come together in educational events.

Starting from the situational documentary hermeneutics, this article reflexively analyzes the dynamics of transformation of higher education in Latin America under an approach based on teacher training towards digital skills, as a first step that seeks to generate a significant contribution from the university for the reinvention of the society, as a starting point for the development of the region. Our American higher education urgently requires the construction of knowledge led by trainers under a digital socio-formative approach to face and contribute to the great challenges and responsibilities deeply rooted in globalization. The forms of university pedagogical relationship must be addressed in new forms of interactivity linked to the society-technology-pedagogy triad, to massively train citizens with values underpinned by solving collective needs using technological advance as a tool.