Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

A Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (RBMFC) agradece aos Avaliadores listados abaixo que atuaram como revisores ad hoc durante o ano de 2022, dedicando horas voluntariamente para a emissão de pareceres técnicos sobre manuscritos submetidos a esta revista.

The world is losing species at an alarming rate; the population sizes of wild mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles have dropped 68% since 1970. Much of this loss is caused by trade. This article discusses the development in the enforcement of CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species) in Norway through a longitudinal, qualitative approach. It is based on data collection done in several stages and traces how crimes of wildlife trade are addressed by law enforcement agencies. It finds that there is lax enforcement of CITES crimes in Norway, which connect to what can be called anthropocentric, discretionary harms of omission in law enforcement. Taking a species justice approach and based on a discussion of possible changes and development in enforcement in Norway, this article argues that this crime is still insufficiently prioritized by enforcement agencies. Weak points identified at the early stages of this research, such as deficient recording of CITES crimes and discretionary lack of priority of investigation, were still existent. The most serious weakness is the policy of euthanizing confiscated animals, which is a considerable breach of species justice.

La neurocisticercosis espinal es una enfermedad infecciosa poco frecuente. Su presentación puede ser extraespinal o intraespinal y la mayoría de casos es de evolución subaguda o crónica. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 55 años, natural y procedente de Lima, Perú, con cuadro clínico de una paraparesia aguda secundaria a una mielopatía dorsal por lesiones quísticas de cisticercosis espinal. La paciente recibió tratamiento médico y quirúrgico con una evolución clínica y de imágenes favorable. Es importante considerar en nuestro contexto epidemiológico, la cisticercosis espinal como diagnóstico diferencial, ante un cuadro clínico de mielopatía aguda, ya que el adecuado enfoque diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de esta rara entidad puede mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes.

Las especies del género Neurospora son hongos filamentosos aerobios estrictos que se desarrollan abundantemente en suelos de zonas con climas tropicales y subtropicales, sin embargo se reportan aislamientos de estas especies en otras regiones y en distintos sustratos. Se les considera colonizadores primarios de tejido vegetal quemado en bosques de distintas especies. También suelen crecer en el interior de los hogares, especialmente en el café molido. Los primeros estudios de este taxón se remontan a 1843 cuando con frecuencia contaminaban el pan de las panaderías francesas, lo que denominaron “Champignons rouges du pain”. Suele además, ser un contaminante de los laboratorios de microbiología, especialmente cuando el manejo de las placas de cultivos de este género no es el adecuado. Si bien N. sitophila y otras especies del género tienen muy baja virulencia, se han descrito algunos casos de infecciones, tal como como queratitis, endoftalmitis, infección pulmonar y peritonitis asociada a peritoneodialisis, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos.

La vacuna oral de virus vivo y atenuado contra el poliovirus (OPV) ha sido fundamental en controlar la epidemia de poliomielitis, y destaca por su seguridad, eficacia, facilidad de administración oral y bajo costo. Sin embargo, existe la posibilidad de mutaciones que confieran neurovirulencia. Por ende, es importante la vigilancia de parálisis flácida aguda (PFA), ya sea asociada a las vacunas atenuadas o a los virus derivados de vacunas (VDPV). En esta revisión presentamos datos importantes de Latinoamérica en los últimos años, en donde se revisan los datos de VDPV (cVDPV, iVDPV, aVDPV). Debido a la presencia de VDPV, es importante fortalecer el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica por PFA y mejorar las coberturas vacunales.  En consecuencia, presentamos las tasas de cobertura vacunal con la vacuna inactivada contra el poliovirus (IPV) en la región y analizamos los programas de vacunación contra la poliomielitis en concordancia con las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica y del Grupo de Expertos en Asesoramiento Estratégico (SAGE) sobre Inmunización de la OMS. El estudio concluye con recomendaciones de los autores para el cambio de OPV a IPV, para aumentar las coberturas vacunales y para reforzar la vigilancia por PFA en la región. 

Monkeypox was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization during 2022. In Chile, over 450 patients have been confirmed until September, mostly young men. This zoonotic poxvirus is transmitted from humans to humans through close contact; it is a self-limiting disease and can be fatal in people with immunodeficiency. Prevention by immunization is important. MVA-BN is one of the three vaccines available, is a third-generation vaccine based on the non-replicating modified vaccinia virus, therefore can be administered to immunocompromised patients and pregnant women and it has been approved for monkeypox in people over 18 years of age. The available information on efficacy and effectiveness is limited. The CAVEI recommends incorporating this vaccine to interrupt the chain of transmission and reduce the risk of severe disease, administered subcutaneously in two doses, 28 days apart, prioritizing post-exposure use for close contacts of confirmed cases with risk of severe disease, ideally within four days of exposure and it can be used up to 14 days after exposure and in the absence of symptoms. When the vaccine supply allows it, its application is recommended as pre-exposure prevention for people with high-risk sexual practices or with occupational risk. This recommendation could be modified according to epidemiology, vaccine supply and new scientific information.

Pier Antonio Micheli was born in Florence, Italy, in 1697. He was a prominent scientist, botanist and is considered the father of mycology. He dedicated his life to taxonomy and the study of unknown species of plants, fungi, and lichens. In 1729 he published the book Nova Plantarum Genera, where he described 1900 plants, including 900 fungi and lichens. There he described fungal species such as Botrytis, Mucor and Aspergillus, wich are of importance in medical, animal, and plant pathology to this day. He died on January 1, 1737, in his native Florence, due to a lung disease whose cause is unclear. Micheli’s legacy is still present, constituting an example for all those who are dedicated to the difficult art of taxonomy in its different areas, especially to mycology.

Background: Timely diagnosis and treatment of pediatric osteoarticular infections (OAI) are imperative to avoid complications and sequelae, being relevant to know the local microbiology.Aim: To describe the characteristics of pediatric OAI treated in our center.Methods: Descriptive observational study. Patients under 15 years of age treated for OAI between 2004 and 2020 were analyzed. Clinical, laboratory, microbiology and treatment characteristics were evaluated.Results: 126 patients (63.5% men) were included, median age of 5.09 years (range: 0.5-14.6 years); 61.1% had septic arthritis (AS), 38.9% osteomyelitis (OM). Pain was present in 92.9% and fever in 68.3%. The most frequent location in AS was the knee (33.7%) and in OM the tibia (30.6%) and femur (30.6%). Agents were identified in 77 patients (61.1%), the most frequent being Staphylococcus aureus (n = 44), Kingella kingae (n = 13) and Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 8). The 4 patients with positive universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for K. kingae were not detected by other methods.Conclusion: The most frequent agent continues to be S. aureus, with an increase in its resistance, and this is the first report of K. kingae as a cause of OAI in Chile, specifically related to the use of molecular techniques.

Conidiobolomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a saprophytic fungus, Conidiobulus, belonging to the class of Zygomycetes, an order of Entomophtorales that inhabits tropical regions. Its most frequent clinical manifestation is the progressive deformity of facial midline structures, and the diagnosis is based on cultures taken from the affected area and the histopathological study, being the “Splendore- Hoeppli phenomenon” the most characteristic finding. Due to its low frequency of presentation, there is no consensus about the best option and treatment time. We present a case of rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus in an immunocompetent patient from the southern region of Colombia.