Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: coronary diseases cause 20% of all deaths in Europe; One of its most serious presentations is acute myocardial infarction. The presence of certain modifiable risk factors or not, play a primary role in the initial diagnosis, behavior and prognosis of this disease. Thus, a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking have a direct influence on the incidence and future course of acute myocardial infarction.Objective: to determine the distribution of the different personal histories, sex according to age groups, creatinine value and left ventricular ejection fraction.Methods: observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study of all patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit of the “Manuel Fajardo” Clinical-Surgical University Hospital in Havana, between January 2016 and december 2020.Results: the history of ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with patients older than 65 years (p<0.05) as well as the presence of complications.Conclusions: in patients diagnosed with AMI, the incidence of female sex is higher among patients 65 years of age or older, as well as a history of ischemic heart disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. As shown in the studies analyzed and the result of this investigation, the presence of cardiovascular complications and decreased LVEF are associated with older age.

Throughout the Modern Age, the diffusion of artistic designs and iconographic models between Europe and America occurred thanks to the transfer of illustrated books, engravings and prints, generally of Flemish and Italian origin and, to a lesser extent, from Spanish printers. Also in the lands of the ancient Kingdom of Jaén was developed an engraving industry (of less relevance with respect to the rest of the Andalusian territory), generally destined to illustrate the books coming out of the printing presses of cities such as Jaén or Baeza. Thanks to the engraving, some of the main religious dogmas of the Counter-Reformation will be disseminated, promoting in the same way the development of popular devotions around certain miraculous images. In this text we intend to provide knowledge about engraving in the Kingdom of Jaén during the Modern Age, addressing issues such as possible authors and works, techniques, iconographic models, later influences, etc. For this we will take as a basis the corography Relacion de algvnas cosas insignes qve tiene este Reyno, y Obispado de Iaen of Gaspar Salcedo de Aguirre (Baeza, printing press of Pedro de la Cuesta, 1614) in order to analyze some of the popular devotions of the province, studying the woodcuts contained in it, and relating them to other examples of engravings made in the printing presses of the 17-18th. centuries.

This article shows an educational project focused on the implementation of strategies at the university classroom that favor the diachronic study of images in terms of gender. The proposal stems from the need to reformulate and adapt formalist approaches linked to the analysis of the artistic production of Antiquity. Starting from the approaches around the vicarious learning of A. Bandura, the zone of proximal development of L. Vygotski, the work in the classroom of socially relevant problems of J. Dewey, or the dialogical construction of knowledge of P. Freire, this study raises the possibility of a paradigm shift in university education based on the lectio magistralis system. Through the exposition of the objectives, materials and results achieved in the subject «History of Greek Art», it is intended to present an educational project focused on the analysis of images as cultural phenomena. In this way, starting from problems and dilemmas that challenge students from the present, such as sexist violence, the pandemic, or Democracy, the historiographical view of the productions of antiquity has been worked on. On occasions resignified, on others reconstructed, the images have allowed students to articulate their knowledge of the past through both iconic and textual vestiges that have favored their understanding of the present.

Antonio Santos’ book Tiempos de ninguna edad. Distopía y cine (Times of any age. Dystopia and cinema) is the opportunity to dialogue with the work, about the dystopian discursive genre and from a genealogical perspective that takes us back to its literary origins. If for Juan Ignacio Ferreras the science fiction novel is a romantic fiction that projects in a hypothetical future the social relationships in force at the time of its writing, two other concepts of bakhtinian roots well define the ideological and formal specificities of the genre. Thus, dystopia resorts to a relationship between time and space (chronotope) that facilitates the critique on the present through an imagined future. At the same time, it constructs the narrative space through a stylization that questions the forms and ideas of those which are carriers. However, despite its different genealogy, dystopia maintains some homologies with the utopian genre, tending to configure a dogmatic thought. This dogmatism is verified in a more intense way in its literary aspect, as didactic genres that they are, than in its cinematographic derivations. However, somehow it interferes with our common sense, both in the public and private spheres, although this question goes beyond the limits of this work.

The popularity of John of Damascus (ca. 675-ca. 754) as a theologian and defender of sacred images is widely recognized, although his influence on the Iconoclastic controversy during the 8thand 9thcenturies is difficult to assess. The sources that can provide reliable facts about the author and his work are problematic, which make it difficult to correctly put in context the monk from Damascus. In this paper, we intend to show his opposition to the meddling of the temporal sphere of power in ecclesiastical affairs, as it is clear from his apology for icons. We believe that, when related to the opposition of Maximos the Confessor a century earlier against the Monothelite heresy, it could properly reflect the political and doctrinal background of the controversy about sacred images that led to institutionalized Iconoclasm to excommunicate our author and condemn him to a damnatio memoriae.

Background: Cordyceps s.l. is a paraphyletic group of Ascomycete fungi that mainly parasitize arthropods. In Mexico, these have been little studied and the current state of their diversity is unknown. Objectives: To describe the history of the records of Cordyceps s.l., and to generate a checklist of the species, detailing their hosts and geographical distribution. Methods: A literature review was conducted addressing the entomopathogenic fungi of Cordyceps s.l. reported in Mexico from 1864 to 2021. A checklist was made of the species, their hosts, and geographical distribution. Geographical distribution maps of Cordycipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae were created in the Arc GIS 10.5 program. Results and Conclusions: In Mexico, the first record of Cordyceps was published in 1864. To date, 29 species of Cordyceps s.l. have been recorded, equivalent to 2.9% of the diversity recorded worldwide. The geographical distribution of these species is determined by their hosts and the vegetation. The species with the greatest geographical distribution are: Metarhizium anisopliae, Cordyceps militaris, Tolypocladium capitatum, and T. ophioglossoides. Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are the most studied species due to their pathogenicity to different crop pests.

Background: Land use changes affect the physicochemical properties of the soil, influencing the presence, distribution, and abundance of microorganisms present. Objective: To analyze the richness, abundance and diversity of micromycetes in a Vertisol with different land use systems by evaluating the similarity and influence of the physicochemical properties of the soil. Methods: 24 soil samples were collected, three samples for each land use (Tamaulipas thorny scrub, grassland, agricultural and Eucalyptus spp. plantation) and at two depths (0-5 and 5-30 cm). The plate dilution method was used in two culture media (EMA and RBA), the colonies were quantified and isolating the colonies for its morphological identification. Results and conclusions:734 morphospecies were obtained, of which 33 genera and 90 species were identified in the four-land use system, differences were found between diversity, richness and abundance for land use system and depth, but no in the interaction. Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus terreus, A. ustus, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium glabrum were presented in four land use system, whereas the 48% of isolations only occurred some of them. Physicochemical properties showed low association, being clay, iron and CIC, the most explanatory.

Background: Curvularia eragrostidis is the causal agent of pineapple leaf spot disease. The search for biological control agents against C. eragrostidis is an activity of agricultural interest. Objectives: To evaluate the antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma spp. on C. eragrostidis and to determine the H2O2, laccase, chitinase and β-glucanase activities. Method: A strain of C. eragrostidis and six strains of Trichoderma spp. (T-82, T-84, T-85, T-94, T-98, T-99) were co-cultured. Interaction types were determined. Laccase activity, H2O2 and total protein in an enzymatic extract from the confrontation were determined spectrophotometrically. Qualitative chitinase and β-glucanase activities in C. eragrostidis and Trichoderma sp. T-98 were measured. Results and conclusions: Trichoderma sp. T-98 inhibited C. eragrostidis by 61.0% with a “partial replacement after a distant inhibition” type of interaction. C. eragrostidis produced laccase (0.027 U/mg of protein) and H2O2 (0.33 mg/L), which increased when it was confronted with Trichoderma sp. T-94 (Laccase=0.219 U/mg of protein) and Trichoderma sp. T-98 (H2O2=6.47 mg/L), respectively. Trichoderma sp. T-98 produced chitinases and β-glucanase, while C. eragrostidis only produced chitinases. The increase in H2O2 and laccase is associated with the defense of C. eragrostidis against Trichoderma spp.

Background: Ethnomycological studies carried out in the Mazatec region in the north of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, have focused mainly on Psilocybe species due to their great ceremonial importance among this ethnic group. In contrast, the knowledge and local perceptions related to the use of other species with biocultural importance and their vocabulary so far have been scarcely studied. Objective: To register the vocabulary and local nomenclature related to the fungal species with biocultural importance for the inhabitants of the Mazatec community of Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methodology: Structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews, visits and sampling of fungal material in the field were carried out during the rainy seasons from 2017 to 2021. Results and conclusions: One hundred and sixteen Mazatec words related to the mycological resource were recorded. This nomenclature was associated with 27 species of wild fungi with biocultural importance in the study community. This study documents for the first time that a rich traditional mycological knowledge survives despite the strong transculturation processes to which the Mazatec culture is currently subjected.

Background: Coffee residues, including spent coffee grounds (SCG), are an important source of bioactive components like phenolic compounds which are characterized to exert bioactivity. Objective: Evaluate the antioxidant effect of the aqueous extract obtained from SCG, under submerged-state fermentation using Pleurotus ostreatus. Methods: Submerged-state fermentation using Pleurotus ostreatus was used to release phenolic compounds from SCG (0, 5 and 10 %). After fermentation, the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical content was monitored (carbohydrates, polyphenols, flavonoids, and cafeoylquinic acid), as well as the antioxidant properties (antiradical activity and reducing power). In addition, lipid oxidation levels of pork meat homogenates incorporated with SCG extract during storage were evaluated. Results and conclusions: The results showed an increase in phytochemical content and antioxidant properties in the aqueous extract from SCG fermented with P. ostreatus, in dependence of the used substrate concentration. Also, a reduction in lipid oxidation values was showed in pork meat homogenates treated with the fermented SCG extract. Fungal fermentation process of coffee residues using Pleurotus spp., could be a promissory strategy to obtain natural additives.