Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: dengue fever is a viral disease widely distributed in tropical areas, influenced by climatic factors and the presence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The economic burden on health services is a key factor in endemic locations.Objective: to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of schoolchildren concerning dengue fever in Lambayeque, Peru.Methods: an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2019 in secondary schools in the districts of Lambayeque, Peru. Fifty-two students were chosen through simple random sample. Each student was given a structured questionnaire previously validated.Results: thirty-eight valid surveys were selected, where 53,85 % of which were from rural schools; 94 % expressed knowledge of dengue, 47 % reported receiving the information by television; 28 % recognized fever, vomiting and diarrhea as the main symptoms. The 89 % reported water tanks as the main breeding ground, 86 % recognized the disease as a serious problem and 87 % said it could be prevented or controlled. While the 89 % agreed that it is people's responsibility to prevent dengue fever and 95 % agreed on the need to eliminate mosquito breeding sites.Conclusions: secondary school students in Lambayeque have a low level of knowledge regarding the causal agent, transmission route and symptoms of dengue fever. Knowledge about attitudes and practices regarding this disease was high.

Introduction: chronic gingivitis is the inflammatory process that affects the periodontium of protection and alters the normal characteristics of the gingiva, with a high prevalence in adolescents.Objective: to characterize chronic gingivitis in adolescents from 11 to 19 years old in the North Area of Sancti Spiritus province.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out; the target group comprised 61 adolescents, who attended the Provincial Teaching Dentistry Clinic during the period of September 2019-January 2020. The variables studied were: age, sex, factors of risk, clinical anatomy characteristic, severity of the disease and knowledge about chronic gingivitis. Methods from the theoretical and empirical levels, along with descriptive statistics were used.Results: the age group 17-19 years (45,9 %) predominated, poor oral hygiene (78,7 %) followed by dental caries (47,5 %) and smoking (40,9 %). The level of knowledge was poor in 72,1 % and edematous gingivitis was the one that most affected adolescents, with the highest incidence in the ages from 14 to 16 (36,1%).Conclusions: chronic gingivitis, mainly of the edematous type, was common in male adolescents in ages from 17 to 19. Risk factors such as poor oral hygiene influenced on the onset of this disease. It is necessary to increase the level of knowledge on adolescents to prevent the onset of this condition.

Introduction: lung cancer is defined as a set of diseases resulting from the malignant growth of cells in the respiratory tract; lung tissue in particular.Objective: to determine the risk factors for lung cancer.Method: an observational, analytical of case-control study was conducted. Out of the 1263 patients, 28 patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer comprised the case group and 28 patients who did suffer from the disease included the control group. Descriptive statistics methods were applied, and the information collected was computerized to carry out its successive process by means of EpiInfo.Results: male prevalence was found (53,57 %).  The presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 3,26; CI: 1,09-9,78) and occupational exposure (OR: 3,86; CI: 1,26-11,8) increased the risk of lung cancer. Smoking was the risk factor with the highest incidence (67,85 % of cases, 60,71 % of controls).Conclusions: male sex, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, occupational exposure and smoking habit are related to the presence of lung cancer.

Introduction: the introduction of new technologies in the medical field brings great benefits for the health of patients with nervous system conditions, where neuromonitoring plays an important roleObjective: to describe the methods of intraoperative neuromonitoring, its application and benefits.Method: a bibliographic search was carried out in the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet and AmeliCA. Thirty articles were selected regarding the different modalities of intraoperative neuromonitoring, its application, benefits and anesthetic and non-anesthetic factors that influence its effectiveness.Development: Intraoperative neuromonitoring has emerged as a powerful tool for the study of nerve functions during surgery. Among its modalities is electroencephalogram, electroneuromyography, evoked potentials (somatosensory, visual, motor and auditory of the brainstem) and intraoperative cortical and subcortical stimulation. The drugs used, as well as factors associated with hemodynamics and hemostasis affect their efficacy and interpretation of these tests. Intraoperative neuromonitoring allows real-time detection of functional and structural alterations, reducing complications and improving the patient's quality of life.Conclusions: the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring provides great advantages to the surgical team during the performance of procedures by offering real-time information on the functional integrity of the nervous structures involved in the procedure. This allows reducing the occurrence of complications, damage or injury. Pharmacological and hemodynamic variables must be controlled to achieve better neuromonitoring efficiency, which translates into improvements for the patient's quality of life.

Introduction: traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death in young people, ages under 45, and brain injuries have a high incidence of death in more than half of those suffering from these injuries.Objective: to characterize patients with severe cranioencephalic trauma in the Intensive Care Unit at Arnaldo Milián Castro General Teaching Hospital during the year 2018.Methods: an observational, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in 38 patients with the diagnosis of severe head trauma from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2019. Medical records were reviewed; variables such as age, cause of trauma, type of injury, complications and hospital staying were collected. Results: male patients predominated (92,11%), ages between 36 and 64 years (50 %); 50 % of traumas were due to traffic accidents. Subdural hematoma represented 52,63 % of lesions and pneumonia the most common complication (65,79 %). Patients admitted for more than 9 days predominated (44,74%); 73,68 % of patients were admitted alive; 65.79 % of patients underwent surgery. Severe cerebral edema was found among the causes of death (70 %).Conclusions: male patients after the third decade of life are prone to severe cranioencephalic trauma. Intervention on primary lesions avoids complications, where ventilation and prolonged hospital staying can trigger sepsis and act as factors affecting survival.