Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present study aimed to understand the meanings that have teachers and students of high school in the region of Valparaíso, about citizenship and civic education. Civic Education is defined as the process prior to the exercise of citizenship and thus participation (electoral and discursive) that subjects performed in a given society. To achieve the objectives, interviews were conducted with students and teachers from various departments (municipal, private subsidized and private) in the provinces of Los Andes, San Felipe, San Antonio, Petorca and Valparaiso. The data were analyzed by the qualitative method of Grounded Theory, because through the categorical content analysis was aimed to know and recognize the development of citizenship within the high schools/colleges and the influence of the actors in this process. The main results of the study show differences in the way of thinking about citizenship and civic education students and teachers, as well as forms that have various secondary institutions to approach and educate on the subject.

Through this article, youth is understood as a historical route around the notion that puts emphasis in the socio, historical-cultural conditions that made their irruption possible. The beginning of the way into the primitive societies happened through old, medieval, and industrial when society arrived at the denominated postindustrial era, as we named it at this present moment. This route made it possible to notice youth subjectivities that occurred at different historical moments, and that has been valued and recognized socially, through different arguments of social recognition that, often, left other forms inadvertent to inhabit youth. Finally it is maintained that the construction of this writing was possible from the diverse bibliography existence around youth, at present, as a dominion of understanding that the emphasis in the influence of the social context allows us to extend the vision toward the journey to a stage of life placing, historical, cultural, economic and political in the production of the youthful subjectivities. In this sense, the article proposes to install questions to those who were in the field of investigation, which makes it possible to question itself what youth subjectivities we contributed to constructing when investigating those to whom `we in investigate' without forgetting that when saying, and when speaking, it expresses subjectivity.

This paper presents the main results of a qualitative research about the construction of social representations of masculinity, in adolescents of technical professional education in Barrio Norte de Concepción. The results are derived from the information gathered during focus groups and individual interviews, then analyzed using grounded theory. The main finding indicates a social representation of masculinity referred to as «semi-traditional masculinity», under which adolescents structure their gender identities. The conclusion is that through social education, it would be necessary to enhance the social representations and practices based on dimensions of masculinity that promote equity and respect for men and women, and question those grounded in the traditional model of masculinity.

A critical re-reading of the production of funcionalist sociology based upon youth, reveals conceptions founded on the idea of «normality», understood as the calm adjustment between the youthful condition and the social structure. «Abnormality» is interpreted as «dysfunctional», originated from the pernicious influence of «occult tradition» on youth: bohemian, delinquency and radicalism. In the 60’s this interpretation is re-considered, and has a much more generous vision on the youthful revolts which allows to see this as a possibility of reformation and revolution of the societies in crisis. As the 70’s, an important tendency was to conceive youth more as a «life style» than a stage of the course of life, and the behaviors in conflict with the hegemonic social values, more like «youthful cultures» than revolts. Apparently, the explanatory classic models of the revolt of youth would have been surpassed. Nevertheless, diverse movements carried out by young people recently seem to demand that these models have supposedly been surpassed.

The article investigates unexpected pregnancies in juvenile segments within the Chilean society. It is oriented to understand its magnitude and social configuration, to include/understand its relation with the head-end process in the active sexuality and structuring of the sexual and preventive trajectories; and to explore the way in which this is used to express specific configurations of the social relations of generic and social stratification. Use of the Fifth National Survey of Youth, made possible by the National Institute of Youth in 2006.

Youth identity varies between social levels, cultures and classes, being debilitated by the moratorium concept and demonstrating the existence of psychosocial pressure. The modern prolongation of the life and the societies of risk, are accompanied by uncertainty, valuation of individualisation, flexible forms of stability, and search of social insertions with innovative potential. In the identity structuring difference between individualisation, identity and individualism. One distinguishes the multi-centre identity, its relations with the social identities and the presence of partial identities. In youth participation the redistribution of the power, and the new intergenerational relations of generics is emphasized.

The accompanying construction of gay youth identity is particularly complex, given that compulsory heterosexuality is coated and the fact that the school has become the guardian and reproductive heterosexist order. The problem, however, occurs when some (as) young people are resisting that order. In essence LGBT community is a community of differences, unified the harassment, intolerance and discrimination that they experience its members. The circle of violence is weakened to the extent that the subjects themselves, victims of violence, decided to «come out», otherwise they risk becoming hostage to it. In the school context elements that can help in this process are: the breakdown of the culture of silence, preventing bullying and promoting antinohosexual support networks and support: peers, school and family.

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From the 90’s in Latin America, the state had issued its concern over delinquency, this resulted in programs that reconcile the interests of safety and social inclusion. Similarly, official statistics show male bias and juvenile crime and other actions related to risk-taking but not the gender dimension problem. Risk-taking is, in turn, one of the practices typically associated with masculinity. In turn, this represents the main challenge that a program of prevention of juvenile crime made to male beneficiaries. This article focuses on definitions of what is considered risky for male youth sociability between program and beneficiary disagreements impose limits on institutional intervention goals. The emergence of such discrepancies can be discussed further in the role of institutions in the identity constructions of gender and youth responsiveness from a position of subordination. The data presented here, comes from a qualitative study on a program of youth crime prevention implemented in the south of Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fieldwork was conducted between 2007 and 2009.