Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tiene elevada mortalidad cuando se asocian.Objetivo: identificar los factores pronósticos de muerte por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica ingresados en el Hospital General Universitario “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” de Bayamo, desde enero de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2016.Método: se realizó un estudio analítico, de cohorte, en pacientes con antecedentes de enfermedad obstructiva crónica que adquirieron neumonía en la comunidad e ingresaron en el Hospital General Universitario “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” de Bayamo, entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2016.Resultados: la edad mayor de 65 años y el hábito de fumar se comportaron como factores de mal pronóstico. El antecedente de neoplasias malignas, elevó el riesgo de morir por neumonía de la comunidad. La polipnea y el derrame pleural se presentaron en más del 80 % de los pacientes. Los factores independientes de mayor influencia en el pronóstico fueron choque séptico y el derrame pleural.Conclusiones: El riesgo de morir por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es elevado, donde sobresalen en importancia el choque séptico, la PCR y el derrame pleural.

Introducción: el método clínico ha venido sufriendo un gradual proceso de deterioro en los últimos 40 años, en el mundo entero y también entre nosotros. Muchos médicos en la actualidad apenas interrogan y examinan a sus enfermos. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad del llenado de las historias clínicas por estudiantes de medicina. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 20 historias clínicas descritas en modelos, realizadas por estudiantes de medicina del sexto año, en el servicio de Medicina Interna del hospital “Orlando Pantoja Tamayo”, en Contramaestre, Santiago de Cuba, en febrero de 2016. Se recogieron variables como la calidad de la anamnesis, del examen físico y principales deficiencias. Resultados: resultó que la gran mayoría presentó importantes deficiencias, con una evaluación de la calidad como no satisfactoria.Conclusiones: la realización de la historia clínica es el resultado objetivo que mejor refleja el desempeño profesional, estableciendo la relación médico-paciente, y proporciona la información más importante, necesaria para la toma de decisiones respecto al diagnóstico y tratamiento; se obtuvieron resultados desfavorables.

Introduction: the mitochondrion is an important organelle that has its own DNA that is sensitive to mutations. These mutations can cause mitochondrial diseases, a heterogeneous group that suggests mitochondrial dysfunction. Objective: to analyze the role of the use of assisted reproductive techniques in the prevention of mitochondrial diseases. Method: a bibliographic review was carried out during May 2019 in SciELO, PubMed and ClinicalKey databases. Twenty articles were consulted using the combination of terms through searching procedures and theoretical methods of analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction and historical-logical methods were applied.Development: part of the information required for the synthesis of mitochondrial components is encoded in the mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial diseases have no cure, although they can be avoided by a group of four mitochondrial replacement therapies that include pronuclear, spindle, primary polar body and secondary polar body transfer. However, these techniques can lead to adverse phenomena such as reversal, carryover and incompatibility between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The use of these techniques triggers multiple bioethical and social conflicts and a wide diversity of opinions despite their positive results. Conclusions: mitochondrial replacement therapies derived from in-vitro fertilization procedures are available to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial diseases. These therapies have been experimentally supported and are not exempt from adverse biological phenomena. Professionals who advocate for these procedures face bioethical and social challenges regardless of the benefit they may bring to humanity.

Introduction: the onset of recurrent mumps occurs with high frequency toward school age, tending to spontaneously remit just before puberty or adolescence.Objective: to characterize the behavior of recurrent mumps in pediatric patients treated at Pepe Portilla Provincial Pediatric Hospital during 2019.Methods: a descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with recurrent parotitis during 2019. The target group consisted of 47 patients, choosing 29 through a simple random sampling. Data were collected by means of a data collection form. Descriptive statistics was applied, respecting the bioethical principles.Results: the age group from 1 to 5 years old (44, 8 %) and male sex prevailed (55, 2 %) with mild (41, 4 %) and moderate (37, 9 %) recurrent mumps and unilateral affectations (89, 7%); 44,8 % of patients presented between 2 and 5 recurrent events per year. As personal pathological history, it was found predominance of patients without previous history (48, 3 %), allergic and respiratory diseases (34, 4 %); 58, 6 % of patients were from urban areas. As for the time of year recurrences, the winter season was found to be the predominant one (55, 2 %).Conclusions: Male preschoolers between 1 and 5 years old, with allergic and respiratory history, coming from urban populations were prone to develop recurrent parotitis patterns. Unilateral affectations, as well as mild patterns were common.

Todd's paralysis preceded by a typical absence crisis, case report

Introduction: chronic non-communicable diseases, including high blood pressure, affect the world's population, with direct influence on their quality of life.Objective: to characterize the clinical and imaging findings of hypertensive patients admitted to Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital during the year 2016.Methods: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted in hypertensive patients. The sample consisted of 64 patients, who underwent complementary humoral examinations, electrocardiograms and echocardiographic studies. Descriptive statistics was used. Results: the age group between 60 and 69 years old (45,31 %) and male patients (56,25 %) predominated. In 59,37 % of the patients, the time of the evolution of the disease was not specified; and 78,12 % were in the third stage of the disease. Glomerular filtration decreased in 39,06 %, and 23,44 % showed elevated levels of creatinine. Left ventricular hypertrophy was the main electrocardiographic alteration, appearing in 50 % of the cases. Concentric and eccentric hypertrophies were the main echocardiographic alterations; each of them was present in 37,5 % of the patients.Conclusions: older male adults were prone to develop high blood pressure, who showed advanced stages of the disease. Increased of creatinine and decrease of glomerular filtration were common. Patients presented left ventricular hypertrophy as an electrocardiographic finding, with patterns of concentric and eccentric hypertrophies on the echocardiogram. 

Introduction: chronic non-communicable diseases, diabetes mellitus among them, are the epidemics of the 21st century.Objective: to determine the association between the presence of diabetes mellitus and the development of tuberculosis.Methods: an observational, analytical-case-control study in 236 patients older than 18 years old (118 cases and 118 controls) was conducted belonging to Trujillo Micro Network Metropolitan of the Health Network in the period 2015-2018. The chi-square independence test was applied, considering the association between variables whether p < 0,05. The risk factor was defined when the odds ratio was greater than 1.  Results: female sex predominated (cases: 50 %; controls: 69,5 %); finding an association between male sex and the presence of tuberculosis (p=0,002; OR=2,278 IC9 %: 1,34-3,88); 51,69 % of the cases reported ages under 45 years and controls 55,93 % were older than 45 years. Literate predominated (cases: 96,61 %; controls: 96,61 %). Patients from urban areas predominated (cases: 88,98 %; controls: 85,59 %). Predominance of patients with body mass index ≤ 30 Kg/m2 was found (cases: 93,22 %; controls: 82,2 %) associated with tuberculosis onset (p=0,008; OR=2,98; IC95%: 1,26-7,03). Type-II diabetes mellitus is associated with the presence of tuberculosis (p<0,001 OR=4,53 IC95%: 2,23-9,19).Conclusions: on the sample studied of Trujillo Micro Network Metropolitan of the Health Network, diabetes mellitus behaved as a risk factor for the development of tuberculosis.

In the seminary courses of master degrees related to the education area, has found repeatedly the absence of some important elements in the research texts produced by those teachers, who start in the path of investigation, these elements are coherence, clarity in the object of study, or adequate arguments. This study aimed to investigate how a strategy based sequential debugged concept map can help teachers clarify their research problem. For the development of the research, a strategy based on the construction and debugging of three concept maps was designed and implemented on: a subject of master degrees, what is a research problem and the teacher's research problem. This study was developed under a qualitative approach and the critical dialogic method. The experience involved five teachers enrolled in a master program, and the instruments for collecting data were the audio recordings of the recursive dialogues and the sequential debugged concept map. The findings include: the appearance of a category related to the emotional states of the participants, and the proposed strategy minimizes the diffuse performance of the new researchers and at the same time, this strategy is promising to help them clarify their research problem.