Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La noción de “patrimonio” ha permanecido en una constante evolución histórica, siguiendo un enfoque cohesionador que ha dado lugar a concepciones cada vez más integradoras de la misma en cuanto a sus ámbitos y alcance. Por lo demás, el desarrollo de las sociedades requiere de modelos que permitan comprender el patrimonio en clave integral, pues resulta fundamental para lograr el manejo y entendimiento holístico del territorio, lo cual hace confluir en el interés por el concepto de “Patrimonio Territorial”. De esta forma, el objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión teórico-conceptual sobre la noción de “Patrimonio Territorial” para aplicarla a un caso de estudio en España; un constructo complejo y dinámico, que permanece abierto. Para ello, la metodología se ha llevado a cabo en tres etapas y ha consistido en una revisión bibliográfica correspondiente al periodo comprendido entre los años 1990 a 2020, centrada en estudios disponibles online, que ha permitido identificar la discusión existente sobre el concepto, los principales tópicos y sus dificultades. Los resultados evidencian que la expresión “Patrimonio Territorial” ha tenido diversas aplicaciones teóricas, como en paisaje, turismo, desarrollo sostenible, tecnologías de información, ordenación del territorio, diseño y modelo de gestión, en ámbitos territoriales. Sin embargo, sigue siendo una noción que requiere de mayor determinación sobre las escalas de aplicación, en el universo de elementos que pretende abordar y en su implementación bajo instrumentos de gestión y/o planificación que hagan posible plasmarla. En definitiva, el concepto permanece en desarrollo, manteniendo viva la discusión científica, principalmente desde la arista teórica, pues su aplicación práctica aún sigue siendo incipiente.

The “settlements” or “land occupations” in Greater Buenos Aires have been the subject of studies and debate since the late 1980s. The characteristics of the occupied areas, the locations and who intervenes in the process from different places have been an important part of the questions the specialists have worked on. However, some relationships between these specificities have barely been researched. The goal of this work is to reconstruct the interpretations of the land occupation process in the metropolis from 1980 to the present day, around the players involved and the specificities of the land; for the purposes of understanding the territories in question. For this, different texts and primary sources were used. As a result, it will be seen that, over time, very specific moments were defined with participation, prominence and construction of different players based on the circumstances, and that this is closely related to the concentration or spread of occupations in well-defined areas.

In 2001, the Mexican Secretariat of Tourism (SECTUR) approved the “Pueblos Magicos” program, as a strategy to diversify tourism within the country, looking to promote small towns interested in adopting and developing tourism as part of a promotion of local development. The towns interested in applying had to have heritage assets, be these historical, cultural or natural. After 17 years of operation of the Pueblos Mágicos program, this work analyzes their development and evolution on three scales: first, the way the program has spread geographically throughout the country. Following on from this, the State of Michoacán is analyzed, since it has 8 “Pueblos Magicos” (PM), where Pátzcuaro, one of these, is chosen as a representative case study, in order to identify whether the urban improvements seen in the municipality come from this being a “Pueblo Magico”. The results show that the program has included 121 towns located in 31 states, focusing mainly on a central strip of the country, showing a mismatch between the original goals of the program and its current situation. Using the increased tourist activity in Patzcuaro, the authors identify that urban improvement actions and plans focus their work on the Historical Monuments Zone (HMZ), and around the lake. The attention given by the city and its efforts to maintain an urban image in the HMZ, along with a tourist approach, may result in a lack of attention paid to infrastructure deficiencies that have appeared and not been resolved in neighborhoods and districts within the municipality.  

Los ejes viarios metropolitanos son espacios de centralidad urbana y de oportunidad para promover una mejor conectividad entre las distintas partes del continuo urbano. En este sentido, la caracterización funcional de seis ejes representativos en Madrid, Barcelona, París, Londres, Nueva York y Ciudad de México permite obtener un diagnóstico actual sobre la densidad y diversidad de actividades económicas y urbanas, con el fin identificar aspectos clave sobre los que incidir para mejorar su estructura funcional y social. Para ello, se propone un método que adopta los datos geolocalizados de la red social Google Places como principal fuente de información. De la investigación se deducen importantes similitudes en el carácter funcional de los ejes, entre otras, la predominancia de las actividades relacionadas con los servicios y el comercio o la mayor diversidad de actividades económicas y urbanas en los espacios más centrales. Pero también se identifican diferencias, como son la especialización de determinadas actividades características en cada eje metropolitano o la diferencial relación entre la densidad de población y cantidad de actividades, tanto en términos de densidad como en cuantificación lineal. En definitiva, el método propuesto abre nuevas posibilidades para la planificación estratégica de actividades económicas y urbanas en ámbitos metropolitanos.

The slums in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA, in Spanish), set up in the 1930’s within the context of the import substitution model’s implementation, follow the classic prototype of informal precarious living in Argentina. Villa 20, or Slum 20, is in the south of the city and has a migrant population from neighboring countries. According to the CABA Housing Institute Census (2016), the main heads of household born in Bolivia outnumber locals or those from other neighboring countries (Paraguay and Peru). The goal is this work is to analyze the links with their places of origin and with the socioeconomic and sociodemographic aspect of Bolivian migrant homes in the context of the current local re-urbanization policy (2015-2019). In this way, the proposal is to make an initial analysis of the possibility of plurilocal practices from a transnational perspective, questioning the classic and demographic definition of migration. An essentially quantitative methodological strategy, which forms part of a larger research project, was used to carry out this work, incorporating both primary and secondary data sources. A survey was applied with a strategic (non-probabilistic) sampling to 60 homes of Bolivian migrants, where the case selection is theoretical in nature. This work constitutes a first approach and is considered as the first step for the development of a later qualitative approach.

The effects of property development on urban vitality and on the land prices from the transformation of the profile of Pocuro Ave. (eastern Santiago), where a linear park of almost 1.5 kilometers was built in 1997, with a cycle path and promenade, are evaluated. A list of the constructions built on the street from 1960 to the present date was made, along with a count of the people who used the street and interviews with the store keepers there. The results show a 223% increase in the m2 built in the last 20 years compared to the previous period, as well as an intensive and diverse use of the street. Both the real-estate activity and the intensive use of the street were positively valued by the store keepers. Finally, it is detected that the payment of building permits has managed to cover 98.5% of what was originally invested by the council, revealing that this type of investment can be highly profitable for councils.

The 2010 tsunami in Chile exposed the absence of socio-natural disaster risk management at national and local levels. This article investigates the role of the government’s post-tsunami reconstruction process, as the articulating body for the most vulnerable communities. In particular, Tumbes cove, in the Biobío region, was studied, where vulnerability factors were identified in the face of tsunami flooding through closed surveys and interviews with key players, as well as organizing the information in matrices to identify perception after the reconstruction process. Vulnerability maps were generated using the “pressure and release” model of Wisner et al. (2006). Through five processes, it was observed that the macro-social levels would affect the micro social levels in their daily lives, in the management of socio-natural disasters, which would have an impact on the increase in vulnerability. We argue that the town of Tumbes is a case of a socio-economically and educationally vulnerable community, where the reconstruction process weakened community organizations due to the lack of knowledge of local leaders, thus contributing to the construction of greater vulnerabilities.

¿Por qué es primordial, en un mundo de múltiples, complementarias y a veces divergentes significaciones, la concepción de “contexto urbano”? Aquel constituye el cuestionamiento central de este artículo que revisa las sucesivas definiciones de dicho concepto, emanadas de publicaciones científicas asociadas a disciplinas como arquitectura, estudios urbanos, entre otros.Se propone una metodología basada en un análisis bibliométrico para examinar la presencia conceptual del contexto en las investigaciones de entre 1977 y 2017. Se constata que la utilización del vocablo, de uso frecuente, ha terminado por oscurecer el potencial de este término. Los resultados sugieren, además, que el contexto urbano ha sido empleado en la producción científica atendiendo a las realidades particulares de cada país, sin llegar a un acuerdo en sus variables. Además, se ha aplicado sin definir esas realidades particulares.

El trabajo aplica el modelo de Zonas Climáticas Locales en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza -AMM- utilizando el método WUDAPT y realiza un análisis crítico de su factibilidad de implementación en función de las características de la ciudad. Como hipótesis, contar con una zonificación de las estructuras urbanas homologadas de acuerdo a su condición microclimática es el primer paso para efectivizar la implementación de distintas estrategias de mitigación de la isla de calor a escala ciudad. Las limitaciones del método WUDAPT (World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools) en el área de estudio se vinculan a dos factores: la definición de clases para la zonificación y la condición de homogeneidad necesaria para determinar las áreas de entrenamiento. Los resultados muestran, que la clasificación WUDAPT se estructura en clases puras, con imposibilidad de generar subclases. Las clases puras están definidas de acuerdo a la combinación de un conjunto de parámetros que no describen de manera acabada la condición de los perfiles urbanos del AMM en verano, donde el arbolado en alineación actúa como elemento morfológico estructurante. Esto implica la necesidad de generar subclases, afectando la relación entre Factor de Visión de Cielo, relación alto/ancho de canal vial, Factor de Ocupación de Suelo, superficie impermeable y altura promedio. Otra limitación, es el tamaño de las zonas de entrenamiento, que exige áreas homogéneas de 1 Km2, condición difícil de cumplir en el AMM. En este trabajo la herramienta con clases estándar ha sido adaptada para la apropiada caracterización de las zonas climáticas en ciudades con abundante forestación urbana, cuya tipología es creciente en América Latina. Se concluye que, superadas las limitaciones de la herramienta, las zonas climáticas identificadas dentro del área de análisis muestran correlación con el paisaje de los distintos sectores de la ciudad y homogeneidad térmica intraclase.

Cities are characterized by exerting constant pressure on peri-urban rural land. The logics under which the real estate market and other different agents operate, together with the flexibility of urban planning instruments that regulate the territory, means urban space environments are permanently changing. Temuco, one of the most important intermediate cities in Chile in terms of population numbers, operates under the same logics. However, unlike other Chilean cities, the presence of Indigenous Territory Protection Areas (APTI) associated with Mapuche communities, establishes legal barriers that impede the conventional growth of the city. Likewise, it is possible to see how in recent decades these lands have been permeable to different uses, outside the dimensions supposedly protected by law. This work explores the discourses of Mapuche peri urban landowners regarding the changes that these areas have recently undergone as a result of the city’s expansion. To do this, 20 interviews were conducted with Mapuche landowners from peri-urban areas around Labranza, an urban area of Temuco, which were analyzed under the parameters of the Grounded Theory. Among the results obtained, the following stand out: pressure strategies on this land from different private agents, the loss of ancestral sense of the land by some Mapuche communities that end up selling under different legal loopholes, and the resistance to external interference that still persists in many of them. The latter shows that there are Mapuche resistance strategies not only in territories affected by forestry intervention, but also in those spaces under stress from the rapid growth of cities.