Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The purpose of this article is to solve the doubts arisen from the constitutional distribution of powers to rule the local public serve, from the successive overlapping of legislative amendments and from the persistence of obsolete laws and regulations, as regards to the maximum duration of leaves on personal grounds and the conditions of return to active duty.

The notion of general zoning regulations that all regional laws contain is obsolete as it does not respond to public needs. This paper proposes a new approach to land planning away from the traditional allocation of rights and duties in accordance to the preeminent trends in comparative law.

Authors in this issue

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the collective efficiency (CE) of the soy cluster in the southern region of Tamaulipas. Design/Mmethodology/approach: Location  Coefficients and Gini indices for the soy sector in the entity were calculated, based on information from SIAP (2018). The Collective Efficiency Index of soy cluster was obtained, through the application of a questionnaire to producers in the region to measure external economies and joint actions in the agglomeration. Results: The indicators allowed to identify a high specialization of the soy sector in the southern región of Tamaulipas, in addition to the participation of a high proportion of the municipalities in the production, value of production, area planted and area harvested from this crop. Likewise, it was identified that the producers of the soy conglomerate have achieved a medium level of CE, with a greater presence of Joint Actions (JA) than of External Economies (EEs). Study limitations / implications: It is a cross-sectional study, because only the CE of the soy cluster was studied in a given period. Findings / Conclusions: Although the soy cluster in the southern region of Tamaulipas offers its members various benefits, it has not yet achieved the maximum development of its CB, thus highlighting the need to continue strengthening the sector by the state government , through programs that promote the individual and collective development of soybean producers and organizations related to the sector located in the region.

Objective: To describe the antifungal activity of propanone, hexane, methylene chloride and methanol extracts of Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 3. Design/methodology/approach: P. luteoalbum individuals were grown from seed and extracts were obtained using propanone, hexane, methylene chloride and methanol from the aerial part of mature plants. The extracts were subjected to antifungal activity tests against F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 3 corresponding to the agar disk diffusion method for mycelium, a microconidia germination test and a Riddell test. It was also carried out a test for toxicity of acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide. Results: None of the extracts of P. luteoalbum showed antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 3. The acetone an dimethyl sulfoxide were toxic to the fungus from 15%. Limitations on study/implications: The results are restrained to the tested genotypes of P. luteoalbum, their growth environmental conditions and the fungus F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 3. Findings/conclusions: It is not recommended to use any extract of P. luteoalbum to control F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 3. Key words: Jersey cudweed, extracts, disk diffusion test, microconidia germination.

Objective: Propose a multicriteria model for the selection and prioritization of projects that will be financed by competitive public funds. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological proposal includes the use of two multicriteria decision tools: AHP and TOPSIS. The model determines a series of criteria that must be considered to evaluate the investment proposals and, with the help of the AHP tool, weighs these criteria, because not all of them have the same importance when evaluating. To select the best proposals, the TOPSIS tool has been used. A demonstration of the application of these methods in a hypothetical problem is presented. Results: The proposed model has been applied to a practical case and it was found that the tool allows the prioritization of the proposals so that the best evaluated projects, according to the established set of criteria, must be the first to be financed. Limitations on study/implications: Although the model improves the process of selecting the best projects, the process becomes more complex, requiring the evaluator a greater amount of time in the evaluation. Findings/conclusions: This methodology can be replicable to any system of evaluation of projects where multiple investment criteria are present, but it is necessary that the financing agency has clarity in its objectives.

Objetivo: Determinar las características físicas y químicas de las masas de maíz fresco (Zea mays L.) para tortillerías de Córdoba, Veracruz, México, utilizando tecnología GIS para delimitar el área de muestreo. La hipótesis es que las masas de maíz fresco en una región tienen características fisicoquímicas similares. En México no hay información oficial sobre el número de tortillerías existentes, por lo que es difícil aplicar un método estadístico convencional para determinar el tamaño de la muestra. Diseño / metodología / enfoque: La densidad de población se utilizó para el muestreo, tomando como referencia los centroides de las áreas donde la densidad de población era de 250 habitantes / hectárea. Se recolectó 1 kg de masa de maíz fresco en 12 tortillerías seleccionadas. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres submuestras de 333.3 g de la masa muestreada de cada tortilla y se analizaron su pH, humedad, cenizas, actividad del agua, color, distribución de partículas y perfil de textura. Se realizó una comparación de medias con las submuestras recolectadas. Se obtuvieron los siguientes intervalos: pH de 8.63 a 11.20, actividad de agua de 0.93 a 0.99, humedad de 55.76 a 62.37%, cenizas de 1.05 a 2.35%, dureza de 7.62 a 18.71 N y color de L * = 77.26 a 83.00, a * = 0.13 a 1.55 yb * = 19.56 a 27.00. La correlación de Pearson entre el color amarillo de las masas con el pH y el porcentaje de cenizas fue estadísticamente positiva. Limitaciones en el estudio / implicaciones: La información presentada corresponde una región específica de Veracruz, por lo que, para tener una mayor representatividad de los resultados, debe tener una mayor cobertura de muestreo. Hallazgos / conclusiones: la variabilidad de las muestras fue alta entre las tortillerías e indica que la preparación de masas no sigue un proceso estandarizado y esto puede impactar en el producto final.

Objective: To characterize the Moringa oleifera Lam. offer system in Mexico. Design / methodology / approach: Compilation and analysis of primary information sources, through interviews with producers and key informants who participate in the process of commercialization of products derived from moringa. In total, there were eight companies. To collect the information, the snowball chain sampling technique was used. Results: All moringa producing companies analyzed started activities less than 10 years ago. The owners of the companies are small and medium producers, with an average of 6.5 ha, characterized by an organic management and constant training. The main products offered in the Mexican market are: the crushed leaf, flour and capsules, whose main market is the national one. On the other hand, it was detected that the producers in the market do not interact among each other, which generates asymmetry of information. In addition, the real inventory of the total number of producers and moringa producing companies in Mexico is unknown, which limits the characterization of production and benefit. Limitations/implications: The producers are not so accessible in certain information; for example, regarding the sale prices of their products. Findings/conclusions: Moringa is a multipurpose tree with great potential, a database of producers is unknown. The products offered are organic and healthy products. However, more research is needed on the commercialization of moringa in Mexico.

Objective:  Analyze the main exogenous pro-oxidizing agents in chicken breast meat and its effect on the oxidative phenomenon. Design / methodology / approach: Chicken breast (Pectoralis major) in the form of patties (25g) was used to establish the different treatments: T1 - ground chicken breast, T2 - freeze and thaw cycle, T3 - vacuum packed, T4 - dehydrated, T5 - cooking in a water bath, T6 - addition of NaCl, T7 - ??cooking on the grill and T8 - exposure to LED light. After treatment, they were stored at 4 ° C 15 d and analyzed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 d. The variables analyzed were weight loss, color, pH, titratable acidity and TBARS, using a completely randomized design (DCA) and the Tukey test (P ? 0.05). Results: It was confirmed that ground chicken meat, subjected to heat treatment (grilled-T7 and water bath-T5) and stored in refrigeration at 4 ° C, presented greater pro-oxidant action reflected in the greater weight losses, luminosity and TBARS. Limitations / implications: Not having different levels of oxidative application in each treatment. Findings / conclusions: It is possible to understand the lipid oxidation of chicken meat under the study of the application of differents pro-oxidizing agents.

Objetivo: Describir algunas de las principales enfermedades fúngicas asociadas al cultivo de orquídeas. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica sobre las principales enfermedades fúngicas, síntomas y organismos causales, que demeritan la producción en el cultivo de orquídeas. Resultados: Se encontró que Fusarium proliferatum, F. solani, F. oxysporum, Phytophthora cactorum, P. palmivora y Phythium spp., son los principales patógenos que causan enfermedades en el sistema radical y pseudobulbos, mientras que Colletotrichum spp., Botrytis cinerea y Phyllosticta son los principales hongos que dañan las flores y hojas. Los síntoma generales causados por estos patógenos son desde pudricio?nes o necrosis de rai?ces, pudriciones de pseudobulbos, manchas o tizones en flores u hojas, caída de hojas, hasta la muerte de las plantas. Hallazgos/conclusiones: En nuestro país el cultivo de orquídeas está en desarrollo, y por lo tanto existe un desconocimiento amplio de las enfermedades fúngicas que limitan la producción comercial en México. El mayor conocimiento de los síntomas y de los patógenos causales de las principales enfermedades del cultivo de orquídeas, permitirá realizar un diagnóstico correcto de la enfermedad, pues de esto depende en mucho la elección del método de manejo apropiado que pueda evitar daños severos al cultivo.