Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objectives: Among the ecotypes of M. oleifera introduced to Sinaloa, to select the most suitable for biomass, seed and oil production, and chemically characterize them. Design/methodology/approach: A orchard was established with 48 trees of 6 ecotypes of M. oleifera distributed randomly. At 16 months of age, the agronomic yields of stems, leaves, and seeds, the proximal composition of each fraction, the lignocellulosic profile of stems and the fatty acid content of the seed oil were determined. Results: Significant differences were found between ecotypes for all parameters, highlighting "Sinaloa" who produced the highest amount of seed, and "Mojolo" the highest yields of stems and leaves. The proximal analysis showed the highest lipid content in seed (48.2%) and oleic acid in the oil of the "Elota" ecotype. The profile of the lignocellulose components of stems indicated that "Sonora", "Elota" and "Sinaloa" have the highest proportion of holocellulose. “Sinaloa” obtained the highest yields per hectare of seed and oil, while, from the leaf, the “Mojolo” ecotype achieved the highest productivity per hectare of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Limitations /implications: This study is only comparative and includes 16 months in non-intensive cultivation. Findings/conclusions: "Mojolo" ecotype was the best for biomass production, and "Sinaloa" for seed and oil. The “Elota” ecotype presented the highest percentages of oil in the seed. Cross-experimentation between them is suggested to look for genetic improvements

Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the recognition of mushroom fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus) and the acceptance of their products made in Champotón, Campeche. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 100 people from Sihochac and Santo Domingo Kesté to assess the recognition of edible fungi. Three types of sausages and two types of jam were made; These products were valued by a panel of 62 untrained tasters, on a hedonic scale of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral. Bromatological analyzes were performed on the processed products. Results: The edible fungus is known in the communities of Champotón, Campeche, but is little consumed. All by-products had good acceptability values, such as smell, color, taste and appearance. Limitations on study/implications: Although the elaboration of products based on Pleurotus ostreatus is a good alternative for its consumption and commercialization, the inhabitants of the municipality of Champotón, Campeche, do not know the process of elaboration, so it is necessary to publicize its procedure. Findings/conclusions: It was found that the elaboration of edible mushroom by-products is a viable alternative for the diversification of products made with mushroom mushrooms. In addition to these by-products have a good acceptance by the inhabitants of the municipality of Champotón, Campeche.

Objetive: Determine the seropresevalence of N. caninum in multiparous cows with a history of abortions or those with an intergestation interval greater than one year in the municipalities of Cuajinicuilpa and Ometepec, Guerrero. Design/methodology/approach: blood samples were collected from 13 cows and two dogs in the municipalities of Cuajinicuilpa and eight cows and seven dogs in the municipalities of Ometepec. Detection of antibodies against N. caninum was done with an indirect ELISA kit. Results:  A total of 21 cows and nine dogs were sampled in the two municipalities. In Cuajinicuilapa six cows (28.6%) and 2 dogs (32%) were positive, while in Ometepec, two cows (9.5%) and two dogs (32%) were positive for N. caninum. Most of the positive dogs were in contact with positive cows and had free access to different ranches, making them migratory vectors. Limitations/implications: this is the first published record of this parasite in cattle and dogs in Guerrero and allows explaining the cause of abortion or long intervals between deliveries in apparently healthy cows. Conclusions: Overall, 38% of the sampled cows and 64% of the sampled dogs had antibodies against N. caninum, confirming that this parasite is present in two municipalities of the Guerrero state, Mexico.

Objective: Characterize representative accessions of mexican maize races with ISSR molecular markers, which help to infer genetic relationships linked to their origin, morphology, ecogeographic aspects, distribution and uses. Design/methodology/approach: 54 representative accessions of mexican maize races characterized with ten ISSR molecular markers were used. Genetic distances were calculated with the Dice coefficient and the dendrogram was generated using the hierarchical clustering method of Ward's minimum variance. To visualize the accessions in two dimensions, a Principal Coordinate Analysis was carried out with the standardized minimum variance method. Results: In 76 loci detected, the cluster analysis with a semi-partial R2 of 0.04 build five groups that shared phylogenetic, ecogeographic, morphoagronomic, distribution and special use characteristics. The main coordinate analysis showed 21.2% of the total variation for the first two coordinates. First main coordinate explained 12.43% of the total variation and separated the accessions by geographical location and special uses, that is, those used for breeding programs and for special culinary uses; second main coordinate explained 8.77% of the total variation and separated the samples by altitudinal ranges and biological cycle. Limitations on study/implications: Only one representative accession was used for each maize race, considering the genetic variability of this crop, more accessions of the same race should be included. Findings/conclusions: Genetic relationships between race accessions are due to altitudinal and geographical patterns; although some groupings shared phylogenetic, morpho-agronomic, distribution and use aspects. Keywords: Genetic variability, plant genetic resources, molecular characterization, integral classification.

Objective: To analyze the styles and trends of livestock in the new administrationin Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: A documentary investigation was carried outfrom 2000 to 2020, concerning the styles of livestock farming practiced in Mexico inthe last two decades, as well as; the trends for this new six-year term inaccordance with the instructions issued by the FAO, where they promise totransform the livestock sector worldwide to combat climate change, which makes ita great business opportunity for entrepreneurs and companies that innovate.Results: In Mexico, milk production is developed in all its territory parallel tolivestock dedicated to meat production, which is the most widespread productiveactivity in rural areas, practiced in all the agro-ecological regions of the country.Mexico boasts a favorable field for this due to its large world-class livestockproduction and adjusting to current trends in livestock farming.Study limitations/implications: The indicators are in accordance with thereviewed literature. Findings/conclusions: the indicators show that Mexico has great potential for theproduction of meat and milk, having a favorable field for it and playing an importantrole in livestock production worldwide, adjusting to current trends that prevail inlivestock.

Objective: To evaluate the adaptability and a disinfection method of Sagittaria macrophylla zucc. (Alismataceae) from the Cienega de Lerma, for its propagation and conservation purposes. Design / methodology / approach: In a greenhouse, a completely randomized block design was established to evaluate two types of substrates for S. macrophylla, and the number and length of shoots were evaluated. The first substrate consisted of a mixture of black soil and agrellite with a ratio of 2:1, respectively (S1); the second substrate was made of sediments from the collection site located at the Ciénega del Rio Lerma (S2) and considered the control. To evaluate an adequate disinfection method for shoots multiplication in vitro, a randomized complete block design was established in which the treatments consisted of several washes + 70% ethanol + commercial chlorine (T1) and washes + microdin-liquid soap + 70% ethanol + commercial chlorine (T2). The photoperiod conditions (light and dark) represented the blocks of the experimental design. Results: In the substrate experiment, significant statistical differences (P<0.05) were observed between the treatments where S1 showed 2.4 ± 0.24 shoots on average with a length of 2.5 cm in 30 days, showing a trend to increase. In the disinfection experiment, significant statistical differences (P<0.05) were observed between the treatments, however the photoperiod was not significant (P>0.05). The T2 presented the lowest percentage of contamination 31.25%. Study limitations / implications: The results presented here are advances of a long-term experiment. Findings / Conclusions: The conditioning of S. macrophylla was favorable under greenhouse conditions in black soil and agrellite substrate (2:1), allowing new and healthy shoots. The best disinfection method consisted of rinsing with tap water, powder soap, 30 minutes with 100 ml of distilled water plus one drop of commercial microdin and two drops of liquid soap, two minutes in constant agitation in 70% ethanol and 20 minutes in commercial chlorine (6%) at 30% v / v, using the axillary buds as explants, regardless of the photoperiod in the incubation room.

Objective: The objective of this work was to analyze the viability and germination of Dichromanthus aurantiacus seeds, a terrestrial orchid from Toluca valley, México. Design/methodology/approach: The size and color were evaluated. Two methods determined the viability: 1) the tetrazolium test (imbibition for 24 hours in the water, 2 hours in calcium hypochlorite (CaCOCl2), and drops of Tween-80). 2) the asymbiotic seed germination by in vitro culture (imbibition for 24 hours in the water, and the concentration of MS medium plus natural extracts).   Results: The seeds of this specie showed approximately 0.2 mm long and 0.05 mm wide; they possess an embryo and a brownish testa. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the treatments finding a positive effect with the tetrazolium test, achieving up to 91.4% viability. In the in vitro germination, the imbibition of the seeds favored contamination. The concentration of MS and the addition of natural extract presented significant differences (P<0.05), the 50% MS plus 10% of coconut water showed up to 92.8% of germination at 60 days. Study limitations/implications: The results are preliminary of a long-term experiment. Findings / Conclusions: The seeds of Dichromanthus aurantiacus showed brown testa and an oval embryo with dimensions of 0.2 mm long and 0.05 mm wide. The tetrazolium test’s viability showed 91.4% viability when they were soaked in sodium hypochlorite solution (CaCOCl2) for two hours, 24 hours soaking in tetrazolium solution (1%) plus two drops of Tween-80. The asymbiotic in vitro culture showed up to 92.8% germination in 60 days using MS medium at 50% enriched with 10% coconut water

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

Objective: The aim of this study was to create an inventory of the biodiversity, management, and commercialization of ornamental plants at nurseries in the municipality of Fortín de las Flores in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 150 nursery owners. Results: The respondents reported a total of 230 different plants. With regard to commercialization, 20 species were reported as the most sold. The most notable species were: Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman, Caesalpinia echinata Lam., Anthurium andreanum Linden, and Phoenix roebelenii O’Brien. The biggest problem was the sale price; 65% of the nursery owners reported that they sold their plants to strangers, and that they did not belong to any organization or cooperative. Limitations on study/implications: The poor local technological development characterized by unspecialized small and medium-sized businesses that compete with each other with little trade organization is a result of the sociocultural context of the region. This context limits regional development. Therefore, more research regarding sociocultural aspects should be promoted. Findings/conclusions: We have concluded that there is an underutilization of the native agrobiodiversity, since species originating in other parts of the world are what is most often sold. This is evidenced in the main species sold as well as those that generate the highest profits for the nursery owners.

Objective: Analyze the productive efficiency of bean and ayocote as single crop and associated with corn, and compare the current productions with those of experimental studies previously done. Design/methodology/approach: The commercial yields of 2015-2018 were estimated, and to evaluate the single crops with associates, their productive efficiency-PE (land equivalent ratio) was calculated. These results were compared with those of trials carried out in 1978-1984, when the technology for bean and ayocote was generated. Results: When long guide bean were associated with corn, the average total PE was higher (1.74), indicating that the association increased yields by 74% in comparison to single bean and corn crops. The average yields of bush beans, ayocote and hybrid corn under irrigation as single crops were 2.2, 4.4 and 11.8 tons per hectare, respectively. Limitations/implications: Case study, carried out in a plot, where the commercial productive potential is estimated, among other investigations. Findings/conclusions: The best productive options are bean and ayocote in association with corn due to their higher PE. The ayocote associated to corn, due to its high biomass production, causes greater competition in corn than bean, but the yields of corn + bean and corn + ayocote are similar. The single cultivation of these legumes is also important because the prices they reach, which are higher than those of corn. The technology experimentally generated in bush beans and trellises (supports made of wood, wire and thread), in a previously stage, is considered that it has been incorporated by small farmers currently involved. Keywords: Legumes, productive efficiency, associated crops.