Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objetive. to determine taxonomically the species of Thysanoptera in Mexican lime (Citrus xaurantifolia (Christm) Swingle), to understand their fluctuation and population density, andto calculate their interaction with rainfall.Design/methodology/approach. a simple random sample was used. The collections andsamples were carried out every 15 days, in 10 trees, and in 10 vegetative shoots. Thevegetative parts were washed with soap solution, to separate the thrips that were placed inentomologic containers with alcohol at 70 %. In total, 375 pieces of micromounting wereprepared. The taxonomic determination was by comparison. To understand the interaction ofThysanoptera with rainfall, the information was analyzed through a square polynomial, withthe RS REG. SAS method. 2 Results. the number of Thysanoptera collected was 4968. The species Scolothripssexmaculatus was dominant, followed by Scirtothrips citri, Frankliniella cephalica, and F.bispinosa. Four predator species of mites and thrips were identified: Scolothripssexmaculatus, Leptothrips mcconelli, Stomatothrips brunneus and Scolothrips palidus. Anadult specimen of the genus Microcephalothrips sp. 1 was found, two individuals of thegenera Liothrips and Microcephalothrips sp. 2, and seven of the genus Karnyothrips, whosespecies were not identified. A peak in the fluctuation and population density was detected,which corresponded to the months of January to April. The effect of rainfall was determinant.Limitations on study/implications. Civil unsafety and decapitalization of the lime productsystem.Findings/conclusions. Five dominating species were present in the three localities:Scolothrips sexmaculatus, Scirtothrips citri, Frankliniella bispinosa, F. cephacila and F.curticornis.

Objective: to determine the seasonal variation of the dry matter yield (DMY) and protein of the Brachiaria humidicola-Arachis pintoi association with and without phosphatefertilization.Design/methodology/approach: DMY, protein, and leaf ratio in the plant were evaluated. Statistical analysis was on repeated measures in a completely randomizeddesign with four replications. Results: humidicola in monoculture (H) and humidicola-fertilized (HF) decreased their DMY by 0.90 t ha -1 DM in november, averaging 0.89 t ha -1 from November to June. From June 9 to July 14, H increased his DMY by 1.22 t ha -1 . Humidicola-cacahuatillo (HC) and humidicola-cacahuatillo-fertilized (HCF) registered an average RMS from October to February of 0.96 and 1.2 t ha -1 DM, respectively. HCF registered higher DMY in January (1.27 t ha -1 ) with respect to the average (0.71 t ha -1 ) of the rest of the treatments. During the dry season HC and HCF were higher in DMY than monocultures. The humidicola of the association registered 19.21 g kg -1 DM more protein, than the humidicola of the monoculture, being higher HCF than the rest of the treatments in rains.Limitations on study/implications: a limitation in the time of the humidicola- cacahuatillo association could be the persistence of the legume, therefore monitoring is required to determine its permanence.Findings/conclusions: the association when registering a higher RMSP in the dryseason, confers less seasonal variation, in addition to granting a higher proteinconcentration to the associated humidicola vs. the humidicola in monoculture.

Objective: to model the current and future potential distribution of Maconellicoccus hirsutus in order to identify changes in its distribution in Mexican Republic. Design / methodology / approach: 2,154 occurrence points were used, MaxEnt was used with the help of the Kuenm package implemented in Rstudio to select a final model. Which was projected throughout Mexico, six possible climate change scenarios with a proposed threshold (0.02). Results: a potential present surface of 1, 159,335.5 km2 was found, corresponding to 59% of the territorial surface, indicating a greater suitability in coastal areas including the gulf of Mexico, the entire Pacific slope and Yucatan peninsula. In all scenarios shows an increase in the potential area up to 1,423,890.18 km2 in 2050 and 1,537,591.19 km2 in 2070. Limitations of the study / implications: the predictions at 2050 and 2070 projections will depend on the climatic conditions that are presented at the time, so specific studies in each region should be carried out. Considering that the species may have adaptability to new climates which would imply constant monitoring. If an increase is observed in the distribution areas, the species could not only affect only agricultural areas but also forest ecosystems. Findings / conclusions: the projections made for scenarios 2050 and 2070 show an increase in the area of infestation and environmental suitability for pink cochineal, mainly in the states of the Pacific, Yucatan peninsula and the gulf of Mexico slopes, these areas being the most vulnerable.

Objective: The aim was to analyze the cost of the calving interval (CI) in cattle production in humid tropic of south-eastern Mexico and to predict the possible economic losses of farms in the humid tropics. Design/methodology/approach: Tropical farms corresponding to 1,200 cattle of the breeds: Simmental, Simbrha, Brahman and F1 crosses, grazing was analyzed.  One-way ANOVA was used to compare costs among breeds. Linear regression was used to obtain the relationship between cow age and CI. Results: The cost of a day without pregnancy reached US$0.99 (± 0.05), and a cow that did not calve for one year represented an investment loss of US$359.00 (± 11.72) dollars in relation to production costs. Limitations on study/implications: The income obtained from the sale of a calf at weaning and milk amounted to US$734.10 (± 16.98) dollars. Findings/conclusions: No significant differences were found between the races (p <0.05) and the CI, however, there was a positive relationship (r=0.9326, r2= 0.8698, p<0.05) between the CI and the increase in the age of the cow.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of liquid (supermagro) and solid (bocashi) biostimulants on the yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) in a Vertisol soil. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out May-August of 2018 in the “Central Flores” ranch, the treatments were: T1 = control, T2 = 400 g of bocashi + supermagro 1:20 v / v, T3 = 400 g of bocashi + supermagro 1:30 v / v, T4 = 500 g of bocashi + supermagro 1:20 v / v, T5 = 500 g of bocashi + supermagro 1:30 v / v, with four replicas (plots) of each. For the statistical analysis, agronomic data of 11 variables were registred in 10 plants per plot and 12 variables in seed, the experimental design used was completely random. An ANOVA and a means comparison test (Tukey, ??0.05) were performed with the Statistical Analysis System version 9.1 (SAS, 2003). Results: The treatmen 4 presented the highest values in the majority of the variables evaluated, the yield of fresh fruit and dried seed is 4.48 t ha-1 and 1.76 t ha-1, respectively, results superior to those reported in the scientific literatura. Limitations/implications: No limitations were found in the present study. Findings/conclusions: The application of the foliar and edaphic bistimulant increases the quantity and quality of the fruit and seed Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber.

Objetivo: evaluar las condiciones para aplicar una certificación de calidad turística en dos comunidades rurales del centro de México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Desde la perspectiva de la investigación-acción, se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso múltiple, recuperando elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos. La observación y las entrevistas fueron las herramientas para la obtención de datos, los cuales fueron interpretados desde la economía de la calidad. Resultados: En el Estado de México existen parques ecoturísticos con posibilidades para implementar sellos de calidad, y para ello, es crucial desarrollar estrategias de capacitación integral. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El estudio se limita a los proyectos etnoturísticos del Estado de México, por lo que es importante valorar si los procesos de certificación son viables en otras modalidades de turismo rural y en otros contextos socioculturales. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Se observa que el desarrollo y la implementación de un sello de calidad sirve para diferenciar e los servicios turísticos que se ofertan en un territorio, contribuyendo con ello a la diversificación de la economía rural.

Objetivo: Identificar el uso y apropiación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs) en los servicios de alojamiento rural en el Estado de México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso múltiple con enfoque cualitativo, a través de un muestreo aleatorio por conveniencia. Resultados: Se identificó que falta apropiación en los proyectos turísticos, además de baja difusión y comercialización de servicios turísticos a partir del uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El estudio se enfocó únicamente en los proyectos generados a partir de iniciativas gubernamentales, quedando un gran campo de oportunidad al analizar otros alojamientos rurales. Hallazgos/conclusiones: La pluri actividad rural ha permitido que el turismo se incorpore en la dinámica social de las comunidades, lo cual contribuye a la economía familiar

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the profitability and competitiveness of backyard or family farms in the municipalities of Tejupilco and Luvianos, Mexico. Methodology: The research was carried out in 2019, in the South of the State of Mexico, and was based on information from backyard pig farmers in the municipalities of Tejupilco and Luvianos. The Policy Analysis Matrix was the method used, with which the technical coefficient matrices were prepared and with the prices of the inputs and the product, the private budget matrix was obtained. Results: Private returns were 36% in both municipalities, while private cost ratios were 0.35 in Luvianos and 0.39 in Tejupilco, so greater competitiveness was observed in the first municipality. Implications of study: The results of this research are based solely on the analysis of family backyard farms, in which the majority is dedicated to fattening pigs, most of them operating, between 60% and 75 %% of its installed capacity. Conclusion: The indicators obtained in 2018 occurred in a context in which the nominal and constant prices of standing pigs evolved favorably for pig farmers, while the constant prices of the main inputs used in feeding the farmed and fattening farms declined significantly, making backyard farms profitable and competitive.

Objective: Review different factors related to cattle transport associated with welfare indicators. Approach: During transport, cattle is subject to stress triggers that include: i) increased handling, ii) mixing of animals from different sources and contact with strangers, iii) physical challenges such as ramps, slippery surfaces, load density, movement, noise and vibration of the vehicle; iv) contact with new and unfamiliar environments; v) food and water deprivation; vi) changes in the social structure, vii) changes in climatic conditions such as temperature, radiation and humidity, viii) inability to rest, among other aspects. This document reviews the effects of transport on the welfare indicators of cattle and the effects of temperature, load density, duration of travel, rest, water and food provision among others.

Objective: The objective was determining the minimum inventory that guarantees the supply of domestic consumption and sugar exports in México. The hypothesis establishes that an optimal inventory would mean lower storage costs and will increase the income of the sugar producer. Methodology. To achieve the objective a spatial and temporal equilibrium model was formulated and applied to the sugar market in the consumption cycle 2015. Results. With an average monthly inventory of 831 thousand t of sugar the sugar’s industry maintains high inventories of sweetener for most months of the year. The previous inventory level could decrease to 416 thousand tons, as this level guarantee the supply of domestic demand and exports in the analysis year Implications: A policy that keeps sugar inventories to lowest level allows diminish the storage costs by 594 million pesos and to increase the producer income by 635 million pesos. Conclusions: Because of the positive effects on the income producer, it is recommended that the sugar industry promotes a policy to establish a minimum inventory.