Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objetivo: Evaluar dos fuentes de fertilización foliar para mejorar la calidad y vida postcosecha de tallos de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) ‘Flamenco Purple’ Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Plantas de lisianthus fueron asperjadas con diferentes fuentes de fertilización (T1:Bayfolan Forte®;  T2: Humifert® (Cosmosel) (10 mL L-1); T3: (Ca(NO3)2+ KNO3) y T4:  Humifert® (Cosmosel) (20 mL L-1) cada semana, a partir de la aparición de los primeros botones florales, realizando cuatro aplicaciones. Las variables evaluadas en precosecha fueron: altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, número de hojas y número de botones florales; y en postcosecha: vida de florero, peso fresco de los tallos, y análisis nutrimental (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu y Zn) de flores, hojas y tallo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar y comparación de medias (Tukey, ?= 0.05) con 8 repeticiones. Resultados: El tratamiento con Humifert® (20 mL L-1) incrementó significativamente la longitud del tallo (16 %) con relación al testigo, este tratamiento implicó la presencia de ácidos húmicos que mejoran la absorción de nutrimentos en la hoja. Por otro lado, el tratamiento de Ca(NO3)2+ KNO3 aumentó 2.8 días más la vida de florero con relación a los tallos testigo. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Establecer una relación costo beneficio para determinar el número mínimo de aplicaciones de fertilizantes foliares que garanticen mayor calidad de tallos.   Hallazgos/conclusiones: La aplicación de Humifert® (20 mL L-1) y Ca(NO3)2+ KNO3 mejoraron la calidad de los tallos de lisianthus ‘Flamenco Purple’, por lo cual son una buena opción para los floricultores.

Objective: to analyze from the SIAL approach the territories of Chapulco and San Sebastián Villanueva in Puebla, Mexico, to determine the feasibility of obtaining a quality seal for red vigor tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.), of organic production. Design/methodology/approach: using the SIAL approach, four criteria were determined in the delimitation of the territory, which were: physical aspects, local history and reputation of the product, local practices and location of the producers. Likewise, the attributes of the territory in relation to the tuna product were identified, from the producers' perspective, through participatory workshops. Results: both territories have edaphoclimatic conditions for tuna farming and a historical trajectory dating back to pre-Hispanic times, generationally inherited know-how and they are collectively organized. However, the cultivation of red vigor organic tuna in San Sebastián is a role model for other localities and States, since it has developed its own technology based on experience and has had greater organizational growth. Limitations on study/implications: due to the organizational dynamics in the Chapulco territory, the process of obtaining the Fair Trade quality seal may be delayed since they do not have strong institutional links. Findings/conclusions: it is possible to manage a Denomination of Origin for San Sebastián Villanueva, because it has been possible to integrate the links of the productive chain. In the case of Chapulco, the Fair Trade Seal is suggested due to the territorial and social dynamics that this territory presents

Objective: To study the effect of storage temperatures and dehydration conditions (solar and convective drying (SD, CD), on the quality, physicochemical parameters and antioxidant properties of tomato fruits. Methodology: The physicochemical characteristics pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids (°Bx) and color parameters (L, a and b), were evaluated. The lycopene, carotenoids and antioxidant activity percentages retention of tomatoes fruits stored at 7 and 22 ° C for 5 days and subjected to SD (T 67°C and luminescence of 685 lum/sqf) and CD (T 70°C, flow rates 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s), were analyzed. Results: The fruits reached humidities of 17 and 15% for SD and CD. The parameters pH,° Bx, L, a, b were highest with both storage T and CD (1.5 m/s). The value of the carotenoids was higher in fruits stored at 7 ° C and subjected to CD (1 and 1.5 m/s) and SD with values of 83.85, 85.98 and 99.43%, respectively. The CD (0.5 m/s) and SD improved lycopene (94.37 and 95.14%) and the antioxidant activity with values of 73.06 and 97.21%. Implications: The application of solar dehydration depends on luminescence condition, however it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative. Conclusions: The results derived in a viable alternative for the conservation and commercialization of tomato fruits in rural communities.

Objective: To analyze the production and marketing of taro in Actopan, Veracruz,Mexico, with a value chain approach.Design/methodology/approach: Official databases were assessed and 28questionnaires were applied to producers and seven to representatives of packingcompanies, with a value chain approach.Results: fifty percent of producers interviewed are of small-scale (0.5-3 ha) withaverage annual yields of 50 t ha -1 . The main problems faced are: high prices foragricultural inputs, low market prices, pests and diseases. The commercialization ofthe product is done through retail and wholesale gatherers in the region. There areno purchase-sale contracts, the agreements are verbal. The packing companies are 2in charge of carrying out the process of clean assembly, selection, disinfection,labeling, packaging and distribution. Ninety percent of the fresh taro market is for theUnited States.Limitations on study/implications: Taro producers lack a government agency torepresent them, for example the product-system; therefore, the information onproduction, costs and wholesale prices is limited and dispersed.Findings/conclusions: The production and commercialization of taro is of greateconomic and social importance. It generates economic income and temporary jobsthroughout the year. It has relatively low production costs and high performance. Ingeneral, it benefits economic agents in the value chain. However, the lack oforganization of producers does not allow them to use economies of higher scale,access to preferential markets and high prices paid to the producers.

The consumption of raw milk or its use in the production of dairy products, increases the risk of transmission of diseases, caused by pathogenic organisms or toxins, which affect the quality and safety of milk, as a result of poor milking practices or improper handling of the product. The objective of the study was to determine the nutritional and physicochemical quality, the presence of aflatoxins in raw milk, as well as risk factors for mastitis, in 20 family farms in the Texcoco region of Mexico. MilkoScan FT1 was used for physicochemical and nutritional analysis of milk and somatic cells and cow health were quantified using the Somaticell test; in addition, the presence of Aflatoxin M1 was determined by lateral flow immuno-chromatogenetics. The results showed normal nutritional values of milk according to NMX-F-700-COFOCALEC-2012, which assure its quality for human. The pH varied from 5.0 - 8.4, indicating poor control of milk temperature on some farms, causing acidity problems. Logistic analysis showed that a good cleaning of the udder in the milking prevents it to be a risk factor for the increase of somatic cells and degree of mastitis, not so the type of milking and sealing of udders. The Somaticell technique®, allowed a quantitative and efficient diagnosis of clinical mastitis and no presence of aflatoxin AFM1 was found in raw milk, which ensures that there is no problem for the consumption of the product or its transformation into products Dairy.

Objetivo: este trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir las caracterizar morfológicas y determinar las fases de maduración del zapote negro (Diospyros digyna Jacq.). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se consideraron variables cualitativas y cuantitativas para árbol, hoja, flor y fruto. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con un criterio de selección que los frutos se encontraran fisiológicamente maduros, los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por medio de una prueba t-student. Resultados: Se encontró que el tallo es de color negro distintivo de esta especie, con forma de copa columnar ancha. El limbo de la hoja es lanceolado con borde liso, las flores son de color amarillo y la corola es de forma tubular ancho. Se encontraron cuatro formas de fruto: cordiforme alargado y oval en frutos no partenocárpicos; cordiforme y redonda para frutos partenocárpicos, con un peso de 318.58 y 470.32 g, longitud (mm) 99.29 y 94.26, diámetro (mm) 85.32 y 101.04, en frutos no partenocárpicos y partenocárpicos respectivamente, de igual forma se encontraron cinco fases de maduración. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: los resultados dieron a conocer que no hay diferencias morfológicas entre plantas y flores, sin embargo, para el caso de hojas y frutos se encontraron diferencias que destacan en ambos materiales. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias en el grosor y diámetro del peciolo en plantas de frutos NPC y PC. De igual forma los resultados indican que hay cuatro formas de frutos y cinco fases de maduración para el zapote negro.

ABSTRACT Objetive: Evaluate both phenology and fruits quality of Habanero pepper watered with three nutritive solutions. Design/methodology/approach: Nutritive solutions of Steiner, Hoagland and Soria were used in a hydroponic system to evaluate phenology, morphology and pungency of Habanero pepper fruits. Results: It was observed that in Soria solution flowering stage was four days before than others, but fruiting stage was two days delayed with respect to other treatments. Steiner solution increased length (4 cm), diameter (2.9 cm), weight (8 g) and moisture content (89%) of fruits with respect to the other treatments. Capsaicin and dihidrocapsaicin increased in plants irrigated with Steiner (24 and 12.5 mg g-1, respectively) and Soria solution (23 and 12.7 mg g-1, respectively), as well as Scoville Heat Units (SHU) (>538,000). Limitations on study/implications: Although good results were found in some treatments, more studies are required to evaluate the nutritional composition of the different organs of habanero pepper plants and by phenological stages. Findings/conclusions: Taking into account phenology, fruits quality and capsaicinoids content, Steiner solution could be an option for Habanero pepper crop in hydroponic systems.

Objetivo: identificar los motivos de consumo y disposición de compra hacia el amaranto (Amaranthus sp.) en México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación:  Estudio de caso cuantitativo sobre los motivos de consumo y disposición de compra hacia el amaranto. Resultados: Las variables sociodemográficas influyen en los motivos de consumo del amaranto, de manera adicional el nivel de salud percibido y la disposición de compra de productos tradicionales y novedosos son aspectos decisivos. Limitaciones/implicaciones: Estos resultados pueden ayudar a la agroindustria que usa el grano de amaranto en México para el desarrollo de productos innovadores orientados al mercado como alimentos tradicionales saludables. Conclusiones: Las características sensoriales, el precio y conveniencia sobre productos de amaranto influyen en los consumidores. La granola adicionada con amaranto tiene potencial de posicionamiento en el mercado, dada la intención de compra y nivel de salud percibido.

A research was conducted with 246 first-semester high school students in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico with the aim of discovering if they had received extracurricular environmental education during middle school and how this training could influence their perceptions and positions towards environmental topics. Only 167 participants reported receiving extracurricular environmental education in middle school. The other 79 participants admitted not having done so. The same questionnaire with sentences on water culture, recycling, species care and transportation, as well as on the general knowledge of the environment and its regulations was applied to all the students. SPSS was used to categorize the two groups and perform nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests, which revealed that students who received additional environmental education in middle school showed a better attitude towards water care. To interpret our results, it is necessary to consider that the study was conducted only in the city of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas and that a convenience sampling was used. Our findings also showed that there are still students who do not get enough environmental education. We conclude that it is important to intensify efforts to change this situation, since training on the environment has been shown to positively influence the attitudes of the students who received it.

Objective: To determine the effect of honey, silver nanoparticle, silicon, ethyl extract of bougainvillea (Bougainvillea sp.) and commercial products Actigard® and Messenger Gold® in healthy tomato plants and in plants infected with the Mexican papita viroid (MPVd), produced under greenhouse in hydroponic system. Design/methodology/approach: Healthy and MPVd inoculated Pai-Pai tomato plants were sprayed with different treatments: water, honey, silver nanoparticle, silicon, bugambilia ethyl extract (Bougainvillea spp.), Actigard® and Messenger Gold®. The evaluated variables were height, stem diameter and severity per plant, as well as the total harvest per treatment. With severity, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. The experimental design was completely randomized with 14 treatments and 20 repetitions. The experimental unit was 1 tomato plant. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of means were analyzed. Tukey's test with a 5% significance level was analyzed as a posthoc method. Results: Plants inoculated with Messenger Gold® and water had the highest AUDPC. Honey and silver had the lowest AUDPC and the lowest final severities. The final severity in inoculated plants was significantly different (p = 0.0050). Regarding stem diameter, treatments had significant differences (p <.0001) but with height, no differences was found between the treatments (p = 0.0681). Limitations on study/implications: Only one tomato variety was used in the present experiment, so the response with other varieties to the same treatments may be different. Findings/conclusions: The bee honey proved to be the best inducer of acquired systemic resistance against MPVd. The silver nanoparticle caused the decrease in severity in plants inoculated with MPVd. The bougainvillea extract and the silver nanoparticle favored the performance in non-inoculated plants. Keywords: Bougainvillea, silver nanoparticle, honney, silicon.