Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: In the region, no formal studies are systematizing the total richness of bird species, the data here presented has been generated by the authors though several observation initiatives; as well as publications and materials for its diffusion. The main objective is to announce the ornithological richness, an overview of its situation, the activities carried out to encourage its knowledge, conservation, and the troubles faced Design/methodology/approach: A bibliographic review, observations, and auditive records of birds were conducted in situ, following Ralph et al. techniques in the nine types of vegetation encompassed in the region, added with the revision of National Collection of Birds from UNAM and CONABIO databases. Results: We report 515 bird species, 119 are under risk, 79% were in situ records, and 21% from additional sources. 50 species have some endemism status, 14 have shown expansion in their distribution, 65.2% are residents and 34.8% have some migrant status. Finally, eight different problems affecting birds are here reported. Limitations on study/implications: Have no in situ records of birds in 12 municipalities of the region due to a scarce relationship with authorities and lack of budget Findings/conclusions: The ornithological richness encompassing here holds 71.6% of the state. It is necessary to expand the monitoring effort in 12 municipalities where there are no bird data records. The region is ideal for avitourism, especially as it has the widest altitude gradient, not only in Mexico but in North and Central America.

Objective: Evaluate quantitatively the research trends of the Mexican Spotted Owl. Design/methodology/approach: Scientific articles published between 2012 and February 2020 for the Mexican spotted owl were analyzed. The content of each article was classified into nine categorical variables: 1) biological description, 2) habitat, 3) distribution and abundance, 4) dispersion and movement, 5) diet and prey, 6) genetics and reproduction, 7) threats, 8) predictive models and 9) others. The published information was classified into similar groups by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, were calculated and graphed the frequency and proportional representation of each attribute generated by country. Results: Of the 23 scientific articles analyzed, the most studied attribute was habitat. The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped all the published information into five representative topics: a) habitat relationships, b) threats, c) distribution, d) bibliographic review and e) population relationship. The United States was the country with the highest scientific contribution. However, in the last three years of the period studied, publications in Mexico increased. Limitations on study/implications: This study analyzes the research trends of the Mexican spotted owl and provides an overview for future research. Findings/conclusions: There is little published information for this spotted owl subspecies. Although the characteristics of the habitat are widely described; it is necessary to venture into more complex ecological phenomena.

Objective: To determine the bromatological and in vitro fermentative characteristics of supplements made with pod parota and pumpkin pulp shell. Methodology: The supplements evaluated were C1 = 50% pumpkin pulp shell and 50% pod parota; C2 = 60% pumpkin pulp shell and 40% pod parota; C3 = 70% pumpkin pulp shell and 30% pod parota. In the supplements, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash (As), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), partial and accumulated production of biogas and methane were determined, biogas production kinetics, pH, total bacteria count, ammoniacal nitrogen, degradation of DM and NDF Results: On average they quantified 15.88% of CP and 42.36% of NDF. C3 produced 4.53% more accumulated biogas than C2 (P<0.05). In the accumulated production of methane C2 and C3 did not show differences (P>0.05); but, they produced 7.31% less methane than C1 (P<0.05). In vitro degradations did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). Limitations on study: The best fermentative characteristics appear when the complement is worked with 60% pumpkin pulp shell. Conclusions: Pumpkin pulp shell with pod parota are used to elaborate complements based on in vitro biogas production and degradations, so it can represent an alternative feeding of ruminants in the tropics.

Objective: To compare the agro-climatic factors: soil, rainfall, sunshine duration (sun-hours) and temperature existing in the municipality of Tecomán, Colima, Mexico, to some optimum values, in order to determine the development of theMD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) plantation crop.Design/Methodology/Approach: For the soil factors, texture and pH, data were obtained in laboratory to determine soil physical and reaction analyses. For temperature and rainfall, data were obtained from the Sistema Meteorológico Nacional (SMN), and to obtain the optimal values, different authors cited in the bibliography were considered.Results: the soil factor presented a sandy loam texture with a pH of 7.9. From January to June and from October to December, a monthly precipitation deficit (mm) in percentage was evidenced respect that required by pineapple cultivation; and a percentage of excess in monthly precipitation (mm), from July to September. For monthly sunshineduration, an excess between 200 and 300% of sun-hours was evidenced with respect to that required by pineapple. For minimum, maximum and average temperature, monthly variations were evidenced, but within acceptable ranges according to those determined for cultivation development.Limitations of the study/Implications: No scientific information was available regarding pineapple cultivation evaluated at the research area.Findings/Conclusions: It was determined that the evaluated pineapple plantation crop will be able to develop in theproduction area, by adjusting monthly precipitation deficit through an irrigation system and the excess of sunshineduration, through the use of a shade cloth.

Objective: To determine the distribution of D. viscosa at the Guadalupe Victoria dam for the years 1990, 2010 and 2017. Design/methodology/approach: Landsat satellite images were processed in order to perform a supervised classification using an artificial neural network. The ground cover of pastures, crops, shrubs and oak forest was estimated from images for the years 1990, 2010 and 2017 at sites where the presence of D. viscosa had been recorded. These data were used to calculate the expansion of D. viscosa in the study area. Results: Limitations on study/implications: The supervised classification of the artificial neural network was optimal after 400 iterations, obtaining the best overall precision, 84.5%, for 2017. This contrasted with 1990, where overall precision was low, at 45%, because there were few training sites (fewer than 100) recorded for each of the land cover classes. Findings/conclusions: In 1990, D. viscosa was found on only five hectares, while by 2017 it had increased to 147 hectares. If the disturbance caused by overgrazing continues, the potential distribution projected for D. viscosa shows it invading half the study area, occupying agricultural, forested and scrub areas.

Objective: the purpose of this work is to initiate a large scale approach of potential effects of SO2 on agricultural yields in Mexico as it is one of the major emitting countries of a compound whit high impacts on vegetation.Design/methodology/approximation: it is presented a statistical analysis of correlation (R) and linear regression (R2) between yields of 23 crops and average SO2 ha-1 concentrations at municipal level by 2011. Crops were differentiated according to its access to water (irrigated and rainfed), its life cycle (annual or perennial), and its sensitivity or resistance to SO2. The P-value was applied in order to eliminate randomness in correlations. Significant correlation was observed in nine crops which accomplished simultaneously R?20%; R2?0.05; and P-value<0.05: plum, feed oat (green), feed oat(dried), oat (grain), feed barley (green), feed barley (dried), feed corn (green), melon and grape.Results: the average yields of the correlated crops were compared in three spatial contexts: national, municipalities with SO2>0, and municipalities with the highest SO2 concentrations. For the latter, the average yields of the resistant crops in the rainfed modality were 1.7 to 5.2 times greater than the national average, whereas for the sensitive crops, the yields were 12.9% to 57.8% lower. In the irrigated modality, the resistant crops obtained an increase of 59%, meanwhile sensitive crops throw yields 22% to 51.7% lower.

Objective: to assess the severity of a forest fire and its impact on understory vegetation(shrubs, herbs, grasses) and on the chemical properties of the soil.Design/methodology/approach: in an area of 100 m 2 , individuals of shrubs, herbs andgrasses were recorded. Soil was also collected in 60 x 60 cm subsites in all samplingsites in three regions of a temperate forest considering the severity of the fire as intact,intermediate and severe.Results: it was found that the relative abundance of different life forms varied in relationto severity, only herbaceous benefited in intermediate severity, shrubs and grassesdecreased. Soil pH and exchangeable cations Mg++, Na+, K+ and Ca++ increased asfire severity increased. N, P, K nutrients increased mainly in the intermediate severity,contrary to expectations for N.Limitations of the study/implications: not having more temperate forest zonesreplicated reduces the ecological patterns of understory vegetation succession andchemical soil changes. Findings/conclusions: The intermediate fire severity presented greater abundance ofherbaceous plants. Similarly, the interchangeable cations, nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium increased in the same severity.

Objetivo: Determinar el impacto econmóico mediante el análisis costo-beneficio del turismo cinegético en Unidades de Manejo para el Aprovechamiento Sustentable de la Vida Silvestre (UMA) de tipo extractivo dentro del Área Natural Protegida Sierra Fría, en el estado de Aguascalientes. Diseño/metodologia/aproximación: Se diseñó un instrumento (cuestionario) con indicadores y variables que permitieron crear una base de datos y realizar el análisis costo-beneficio (CB). Este instrumento fue dirigido a los representantes legales de nueve UMAs extensivas (seis privadas y tres ejidales). Resultados: Como resultado, se obtuvo que la relación costo-beneficio de las UMAs privadas fue con un índice de 3.78 cerca de dos veces superior a las ejidales (2.08). Además, se obtuvo el mayor índice de 5.72 lo que muestra con los índices relativos que hay un potencial considerable de incremento a futuro en la relación costo-beneficio para las UMAs con esta actividad. Limitaciones/implicaciones: No obstante los resultados solo son aplicables a las UMAs bajo estudio, el esquema utilizado para su evaluación económica puede ser aplicado a nivel nacional, regional o local para conocer el impacto del turismo cinegético. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Se concluye que las UMAs con actividad cinegetica que fueron sujetas de estudio dentro del ANP Sierra Fria, son economicamente rentables y que por consecuencia de su manejo contribuyen a la conservación del medio ambiente y dan beneficio  a las comunidades rurales aledañas.

Abstract Objective: Evaluate the sensory quality and the level of acceptance of carrot soup formulations microemulsified with Inulin and Milk Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC). Design/methodology/approach: Formulations of Carrot Soup Microemulsified with Inulin and Milk Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) were developed according to a Simple Centroid Experimental Design and the sensory quality and level of acceptance of the developed Formulations were evaluated. Results: Formulation D formulated with carrot microemulsified with a mixture of Inulin and WPC presented the highest level of acceptance compared to the other formulations developed. The developed Formulations presented significant differences respect to luminosity (L *) and did not present a significant difference respect to color difference (?E *) as they all presented a tendency to red-yellow hue. Limitations on study/implications: It is important to carry out further tests to complete the development of formulations to improve the sensory properties of this type of products. Findings/conclusions: Inulin and Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) are biopolymers that can be used in the development of carrot soup formulations to generate a product with acceptable sensorial quality to the consumer. Keywords: carrot, biopolymers, microemulsion

Introduction: The bighorn sheep (BC) and mule deer (VB) are the most important hunting species in northwestern Mexico and their populations may be affected by micro-minerals deficiencies. Objective: Was to determine concentrations of micro-minerals Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Co and Cr in the liver as indicators of deficiencies/excesses in BC and BV. Materials and methods: The study was carried out at the UMA "Rancho Noche Buena", located in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Liver samples were taken from three BC and five BV. The micro-minerals were determined on an inductively coupled quadrupole plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and the analyzes were validated using a reference sample. Results: In BC the average contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, and Cr were 114.8, 60.9, 63.8, 1.1, 2.6, and 0.15 mgkg-1 and in VB were of 183.9, 28.9, 44.6, 1.2, 2.6, and 0.17 mgkg-1, respectively, and are within the ranges considered as suitable for healthy animals. However, one BC and two BV had Cu deficiencies and 60% of the Zn BV. The Co contents in BC and VB were 14.6 and 12.3% lower as the adequate level. Conclusions: In BC (n=3) the Fe, Zn, Se and Mn contents were adequate and the Cu was partially adequate, in a BC was deficient. In VB, the Fe, Se and Mn contents indicate that there are no deficiencies. The Cu and Zn contents were partially adequate since 40 and 60% of the VB showed deficiencies. The Co was deficient in both species. Key words: Diagnosis; microelements; deficiencies, bighorn sheep, mule deer.