Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: To evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of the creole corn (blue and red) from the Estado de México. Design / methodology / approach: Size (mm), hectoliter weight (kg/Hl-1), color and aw were evaluated on blue and red creole corn. Besides, moisture, ash, ethereal extract, and protein content were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to assess possible significant differences using the Tukey test (p <0.05). Results: Red creole corn had lower moisture and higher protein and ethereal extract contents also it was larger and had higher hectoliter weight therefore the flour yield of red corn could be higher than in blue corn. Study limitations / implications: Biological activity of the evaluated creole corn kernels is necessary for it use as a functional food. Findings / Conclusions: Red corn had better physicochemical characteristics than blue corn

Objective: To evaluate the effect of three doses of Zn supplemented in the diet on the quality and concentration of Zn in meat. Design / methodology / approach: 3 doses of Zn were supplemented: a) 21 mg Zn / Kg of dry matter (DM) from diet only, b) Zn80 (diet + ZnSO4) and c) Zn400 (diet + ZnSO4). Twelve Katahdin lambs randomly distributed in three groups, weighing 29.72 ± 2.16 Kg and age 9 ± 1 months. The consumed DM was restricted for all lambs to 718.62 ± 10.84 g. Findings / Conclusion: The luminosity of the psoas major muscle was Zn21 = 36.50, Zn80 = 38.14 and Zn400 = 35.35 (quadratic effect, P <0.01). The redness of the psoas major muscle was between 18.81 to 19.72 and the intensity of the yellow color was from 3.63 to 3.82. The pH of the gracilis and psoas major muscles were 6.21 and 6.91 and there were no differences in pH, lightness and hardness. The water retention capacity of the gracilis muscle was Zn21 = 63.68%, Zn80 = 65.32% and Zn400 = 83.80% (linear effect, P <0.05). The 80 mg / kg dose of Zn improved the Zn content in meat.

Objective: Make grasshopper paste (Gp) and incorporate it into Mole Poblano (MP), evaluating the physicochemical characteristics and protein content of this mixture. Design / methodology / approach: Grasshoppers were collected and Gp was prepared. Later, the Gp was included in the Mole Poblano paste (MP) in the following treatments: T0 = 0Gp and 100% MP, T10 = 10% Gp and 90% MP, T15 = 15% Gp and 85% MP, T20 = 20 % Gp and 80% MP, T25 = 25% Gp and 75% MP and T30 = 30% Gp and 70% MP. The treatments were subjected to physical-chemical analysis and protein content. Findings / conclusion: Treatments T0 and T10 had the highest L *. the variable ?E was clearer for T0 and was different among all the other treatments. The C * saturation index decreased between treatments. Protein content increased with the inclusion of Gp. There were no differences between treatments in pH and water activity. It is concluded that the Gp can be incorporated into the MP to improve its nutritional value and there is no drastic change in the physicochemical variables of the evaluated treatments.

Objective: to determine the population status of land mammals in two natural protected areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental Ecological Corridor in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: the field work was carried out in two sampling periods (from August 2014 to January 2015 and from August 2015 to February 2016) in which two non-invasive techniques were used (photo-traps and tracks identification). The Relative Abundance Index was obtained for each technique. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was performed. Results: the most abundant species via photo-trapping were Sylvilagus floridanus and Sciurus aureogaster, and with tracks were Odocoileus virginianus and Mazama temama in the RBSAT and RFX, respectively. There were significant differences in the abundance of species between sites, being lower in the RBSAT by photo-trapping and higher by tracks. Twenty species were recorded by photo-trapping and 17 by tracks. Limitations on study/implications: the results of this study can be used in natural protected areas and their influence areas, however, the methodology can be applicable elsewhere.   Findings/conclusions: based on the information generated, it is suggested that carnivore abundance decreases southward, and that RFX eventually could not sustain a carnivore population in the long term. Species listed in some risk category were found in both areas, so these areas must be conserved to avoid the disappearance of these wildlife species.

The mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) is a threatened species in the United States and Mexico, the lack of studies throughout its range and habitat loss limits their conservation. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential distribution of this species in a portion of central Mexico. For this, we use the algorithm Maxent and ArcMap software using 21 presence records of owls, 19 bioclimatic layers, 4 layers of the digital elevation model, one cover layer and one of vegetation and land use layer. Cover, vegetation, elevation, precipitation and temperature were the variables that explained the resulting potential distribution model. Zacatecas had the highest surface with very high probability of distribution. Maxent appears to be a useful management tool for indicating the distribution of Strix occidentalis lucida; however, to validate the results, it is necessary to verify the field presence of the species at the sites indicated by this model. Keywords: potential habitat, conservation tool, presence prediction

Objective: To determine the relationship of different photographic indexes and NDVIvalues with the production of dry biomass of leaves in triticale forages (x Triticosecalewittmack).Design/methodology/approach: Ten triticale varieties were grown during twoagricultural cycles, under different irrigation and fertilization conditions. Data wasanalyzed under a randomized complete block design. Three samples were taken toestimate the production of dry foliar biomass, before, and after anthesis. In eachsampling, three photographs were taken with a digital camera and NDVI measurementswere made with the greenseeker® spectroradiometer; subsequently, destructivesampling was carried out to estimate dry leaf biomass.Results: The results showed a better fit to the simple linear regression equationsbetween NDVI and leaf biomass before anthesis (R 2 =0.45) in response to the effects of interaction between samples and varieties in both evaluation cycles. After anthesis, thestatistical relationship between NDVI and leaf biomass was lower (R 2 =0.34). In addition,the ratio between the GGA index and leaf biomass before anthesis was (R 2 =0.30),similarly a higher relationship (R 2 =0.34) was found between GGA with leaf biomass afteranthesis.Findings/conclusions: It is possible to effectively use either GGA or NDVI indexes asan indirect method to estimate dry biomass through the use of digital cameras orgreenseeker®., due to the positive linear relationship (R 2 = 0.85) between the twoindexes.

Objective: To develop a process of clarification of wines and beers by continuous flow centrifugation on a small scale and develop a method of evaluation of clarification by spectrophotometry. Design/methodology/approach: A method was developed to clarify a fermented Jamaican / beer beverage in a continuous flow centrifuge until reducing turbidity to a value close to zero. Fifteen spin cycles were necessary for the visible reduction of turbidity. Turbidity was determined by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm of aliquots of the liquid resulting from the centrifugation of each cycle. From the readings made, a turbidity reduction curve and a turbidity reduction prediction model and an efficiency calculation were made. Results: A centrifugation was not enough, since the turbidity was approx. 0.9. Approximately 15 liters of fermented beverage were clarified per hour, for which it was necessary to apply 15 spin cycles. The turbidity removal efficiency at the end of the 15 cycles was 99.6%. Turbidity readings were taken from each spin cycle. With the readings made to the samples after each centrifugation, a model, negative exponential curve, was generated, which were subsequently transformed to finally obtain a simple linear extinction model that shows how turbidity disappears after 18 cycles of centrifugation. Limitations on study/implications: Clarification using a continuous flow centrifuge could be optimized by increasing the rotor speed and / or reducing the output flow of the clarified liquid. Findings/conclusions: The continuous flow centrifugation process of fermented musts allows the clarification of wines and beers in several cycles and represents a viable alternative to small scale production.

Objetivo: Describir los métodos de evaluación de calidad de hábitat en cuatro elementos metodológicos: la dinámica poblacional, la presencia de especies clave, los métodos tradicionales de evaluación de idoneidad del hábitat (HSI) y sus complementarios, mediante sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). Metodología: se realizó un análisis bibliométrico para sistematizar y describir las ventajas y desventajas de las metodologías para la evaluación del hábitat de fauna silvestre Resultados: El fototrampeo es una técnica ampliamente usada para estimar parámetros poblacionales (abundancia y densidad) que, en paralelo, denotan la presencia de carnívoros mayores, algunos de ellos consideradas especies indicadoras de un hábitat conservado. Por su parte, los métodos tradicionales basados en transectos y cuadrantes tienen la ventaja de ser técnicas estandarizadas que pueden implementarse prácticamente a cualquier tipo cobertura de vegetación, son fácilmente replicables y de bajo costo. Los modelos de HSI son los menos sesgados para caracterizar el hábitat con base en parámetros de calidad, pero se requieren conocimientos intermedios-avanzados en el uso de SIG para predecir, con cierto grado de confiablidad, el hábitat potencial con características idóneas para determinada especie. Implicaciones: La evaluación de la calidad del hábitat es necesaria para tomar decisiones en el manejo de la población y la conservación del hábitat, y el éxito de supervivencia de una población depende, en cierta medida, de un hábitat que satisfaga los requerimientos de nicho para que una población se desarrolle. Conclusiones: Esta revisión permitió analizar las técnicas tradicionales y emergentes como los modelos HSI implementados en SIG para evaluar la calidad del hábitat serían más eficientes en la medida que estos se complementen con los métodos de fototrampeo y los tradicionales.

Objective: To characterize the structure, texture and thermal properties of cellulose and cellulose microfibers (MFC) of three sugarcane crops and the development of a biocomposite. Design / methodology / approach: The celluloses were extracted by the Kraft method and the MFCs of the cultures MEX-69-290, CP-72-2086 and MEX-68-P23, using oxidative and mechanical processes; for its characterization spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal techniques were used; and were analyzed with a completely randomized design, where the treatments were cellulose and CFM extracted from the three cultivars of sugarcane; In addition to the fusion processing of a biocomposite from polylactic acid and CMF. Results: Cellulose and CFM were obtained from the straw of the three crops, the similar quality, the percentage of moisture in the straw and the cellulose having the same behavior, the chemical composition of the cellulose is of high purity. The results of XRD and FTIR have characteristic bands and similar amounts of cellulose in the crystalline phase. TGA indicates that cellulose decomposes at higher temperatures of polylactic acid (PLA), which supports melt mixing processes. Limitations of the study / implications: The varieties of sugarcane pajamas have different characteristics in the cellulose phase and in the CFM phase; but similar between cultivars. Findings / conclusions: The crystallinity by XRD and the identification of functional groups by FTIR show us characteristic bands of the cell in the crystalline phase and how the amorphous part of the straw is lost without treatment, becoming more crystalline when it becomes cellulose and mostly in microcellulose; as well as the similarity that exists in the three cultivars of said components and in similar quantities. The resistance properties of the biocomposite will be affected when the CFMs are added to the polylactic acid.

Objective: Characterize the presence of rhizobacteria associated with three varieties of sugar cane: 9640 ATMEX, MEX 69-290 and the MEX SFC 9546, cultivated in the area of supplying the Pdte. Benito Juarez sugar mills (PBJ). Desing/methodology/approach: Three sites were selected for sampling by variety where soil samples were collected from 0 to 30 cm depth. For the isolation of the bacteria are followed by the serial dilution technique by viable. Results:The rhizosphere of the variety ATMEX-9640 presented the greatest number of CFU g-1. Ten of the 26 strains demonstrated capabilities of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) or solubizacion of phosphorus (SP). Eight of them carried FBN already that degrade the malic acid in the NFb. Five are considered within the group of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (BSP), because they solubilize the calcium phosphate of Pikovskaya medium. Limitations on study/implications: It was not possible to determine the production of AIA in the strains that grew in the Soya Tripticasa Broth medium. Findings/conclusions: The molecular identification revealed that these bacteria belong to the group of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) belonging Microbacterium, Bacillus y Paenibacillus genera present in the soil Cambisol Fluvic Éutric of the PBJ sugar mills.