Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: to evaluate pregerminative treatments of fresh and dried seeds and theseedling initial development of amashito chilli (Capsicum annuum L.).Design/methodology/approach: The experimental unit consisted of a Petri dish inwhich five seeds were placed, two experiments were performed: in the first one freshlycollected seeds were used, in the second they were allowed to dry under shade for thirtydays. Three treatments were applied, and a control treatment, with three repetitions foreach one. Hydrochloric acid 3% (T1), sodium hypochlorite 3% (T2) and undiluted lemonjuice (T3) were used.Results: Fresh seeds treated with sodium hypochlorite had the highest germinationvalues (93.3%). The treatment with hydrochloric acid (T1) showed 0% germination. Thedried seeds of T2 had a higher height (4.1 cm), the same treatment with dried seeds hadthe lowest height (1.9 cm). The survival of plants was not affected by pregerminativetreatments, the values fluctuated between 77 and 100% in all treatmentsLimitations on study/implications: The development of plants was monitored only in apart of its life cycle.Findings/conclusions: Sodium hypoclorite is the best treatment for seed germination.In the case of hydrochloric acid, it is suggested to experiment with concentrations lessthan 3% to promote seed germination. It is recommended to let dry the seeds for thirtydays and apply 3% sodium hypochlorite to stimulate germination.

Objective: Evaluate the functionality of a constructed wetland used to treat the wastewater from a school by recording water inflow and outflow, in addition to the local conditions that affect its operation and compliance with environmentalregulations.Design/methodology/approach: Verification of the installation specifications; programmed measurements of the inflowoutflowwater balance and ambient temperature; and analysis of the salinity effect and wetland performance.Results: The high evapotranspiration at the site contributed to the decrease in the resident volume of water within the wetland, causing water stress to the vegetation, not complying with the regulation about the reduction/elimination of water pollutants.Study limitations/implications: The high daytime temperature significantly decreased the daily inflow volume of wastewater, even after adding the precipitation water, which affects the biological activity of the vegetation; therefore, the study was performed on half of the wetland surface. Thus, the wetland was unable to reduce the pollutants to safe levels.Findings/conclusions: The amount of recovered treated water is minimal. The inflow is five times lower than the designed flow of the construction. The weekly log was appropriate to observe fluctuations in the water balance and its effect on the vegetation within the wetland.

Objective: It was to evaluate the use of pesticides and the symptoms caused by the misuse or / and management of agricultural workers of the Chontalpa sub-region in the state of Tabasco. Design / methodology / approximation: To collect the information, 91 farmers from four villages in Chontalpa were sampled, to which glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined. A survey was also applied where their work and health history was investigated, as well as the management and frequency of use of pesticides and the symptoms associated with exposure. Results: It was found that the pesticides used were insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. 63% of workers do not use safety measures in the use of pesticides. Among the protection measures referred to in 42% are the use of a long-sleeved shirt, boots, gloves and masks. 37% presented some symptoms of intoxication, the most frequent were headache, stomach pain and muscle pain. Likewise, the actions carried out by state researchers in the prevention of inappropriate use of pesticides are shown.   Conclusions:    It was found that producers do not have sufficient knowledge about the risks and proper management of pesticides, which favors dangerous situations due to intoxication towards their health, that of their family and that of the population in general. Therefore, it is necessary to implement health and environmental education actions in agricultural farmers in the región Keyword: Pesticides, poisoning, herbicides, insecticides, occupational exposure.  

Objective: To compare the growth and crop yield of amashito chili Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum under different doses of vermicompost. Design/methodology/aproximation: To evaluate crop yield we design five treatment consisting on ground with different proportions of vermicompost (VC) and loamy soil (SF), all treatments were replicate by five and planted randomly in 25 kg pots. After 12 week, biologic data was retrieve. Results: Higher crop yield was obtain on treatments with ground composition with at least 75% of VC. The only treatment without VC (100% SF) presented statistically lower values on all measures. Limitations of the study/implications: Amashito chili seed high germination difficulty limits the efforts for cultivation by farmers, and a major commercialization of this regional chili variety. Findings/conclusions: Use of organic fertilizers (vermicompost) supposes better field conditions for seed germination, growth and crop yield for this species.

Objective: To characterize the nutritional properties of liquid organic fertilizers (vermicompost tea, organic leachate and biol) made with crop residues from the Chontalpa region. design / methodology: The design for the preparation of liquid organic fertilizers was based on the recommendations issued by FAO. Nutrient estimates were according to the methods of Semi-micro Kjeldahl for N, Vanadio-molybdic for P and digestion with HNO3-HClO4 for K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Results: Worm leachate was the one that presented the highest values ??significantly with concentration of major elements NPK with 1.27%, 1.17% and 2.04% respectively, followed by bovine biol with 1.02%, 0.95% and 1.19% of NPK respectively, finally compost tea with the lowest statistically concentrations. In terms of micronutrients such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, bovine biol presented the highest contents. Limitations / implications: The chemical composition of liquid organic fertilizers depends on the quality of the organic matter with which they were made and their preparation form either aerobic or anaerobic. Findings / conclusions: The leachate of earthworm and biol are the fertilizers that presented the highest concentration of nutrients, concluding that bovine biol is the fastest, most economical and profitable way to use it in agriculture.

ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify the production of total and reducing sugars, as well as bioethanol from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse pretreatments based on Trametes versicolor and solutions of 20%(P/V) NaOH. Design/methodology/approach: A 2K experimental design was used to determine the effects of the inoculum volume added to wild samples of sugarcane bagasse (Factor A; 8 and 10 mL), incubation time (Factor B; 18 and 24 days), and the ratio mass of bagasse/volume of solution 20%(P/V) NaOH (Factor C; 5 and 20%(P/V)), in the reducing and total sugars production by a simple saccharification. ANOVA analysis was used to assess the significance of these factors. Bioethanol production was accomplished via simple fermentation using a commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results: The highest yields of reducing and total sugars were determined when 10 mL of the inoculum solution and an incubation time of 18 days were used during the biological pretreatments. ANOVA analysis suggests that these factors influence the release of sugars, while Factor C was irrelevant. Bioethanol production registered concentrations up to 7.3 mg/mL for every 5 g of wild sugarcane bagasse. Limitations/implications: This work is focused on how the treatments using Trametes versicolor and NaOH influence on sugar liberation. Optimizing bioethanol production should be considered in a later study. Findings/conclusions: Our results have implications in the use of traditional pretreatments for bioethanol production from agro-industrial waste.

Objective: To assess the surface changes that occurred in pine forests, mixed forests and secondary vegetation of pine and mixed forests, at the national level, during the period 2001 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach: We used the Land Use and Vegetation (USV) coverages of Series II (from 2001) and V (from 2013) of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, of scales 1: 250,000 as primary sources of information. The classes on both coverages were grouped and homogenized, focusing on pine and mixed forests. The exchange rates and transition indicators were estimated for the analysis: estimated profit and loss surfaces, persistence indices, of exchanges and net changes, as well as the gain and loss indices to persistence. Results: The rate of changes are negative for primary forests (pine and mixed) is in a range of 0.80 to 1.84. It was observed that 120,047 km2 (57.72%) were stable surfaces; however, 36 986 km2 (18.00%) were from losses, 14 369 km2 from gains and 28 738 km2 (14.00%) from different categories. During the period analyzed, 13.69% of the primary forests(2001)  passed to secondary vegetation in 2013. Study limitations/implications: To observe the influence of other categories, it would be important to incorporate them through the study to analyze the system globally through the country. Findings/Conclusions: The persistence area of primary forests is important for generating conservation policies.

Objective: To elaborate a HACCP plan, for the process of vacuum-packed cuts of meat, in a federal inspection type trail (TIF) located in the East of the State of Mexico, in order to improve its hygiene and safety conditions. Design / Methodology / approach: The research has a mixed approach that consists of two phases, a field phase where the HACCP methodology was applied in terms of reviewing the activities carried out in the company, the second phase is a cabinet where they were analyzed the hazards identified during the first phase, in order to determine if the hazard found is significant for the safety of the food, to finally conclude whether or not it is a critical control point (CCP). Results: A PCC (Critical Control Point) was identified, in the metal detection phase, the identified hazards were: the passage of metal chips from the transfer rails, pieces of knives or saws and pieces of needles coming from previous steps in the process. Study limitations / implications: Bibliographic documentation on meat cut case studies as well as the management of their CCPs is limited. Findings / Conclusions: The PCC1 Metal Detection is a control measure carried out by the company, however when analyzing it, an opportunity for improvement in the current operation was evidenced, so the adaptation of formats for records that allowed monitoring was also proposed. and verify the control of the PCC.

Introduction: Intensive production is characterized by raising a high number of animals per unit of space, which affects their behaviour and productive performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three space allowances on the behaviour and productive performance of growing hair lambs. Methodology: The three space allowances evaluated were: A) 2.4, B) 1.2 and C) 0.6 m²/lamb. The space allowances were met by housing 5, 10 and 20 lambs, respectively per pen. The lambs were weighed every 10 days for 30 days. Twice a week the evaluated behaviours were recorded. Results: The last 10 days weight gain reduced significantly by 22% in treatment C, compared to treatments A and B (P <0.05); feed conversion was significantly higher in treatment C (6.4) than in treatment A (5.6) and B (4.7) (P> 0.05) and feed consumption was approximately 8% lower in treatments B and C in comparison to A (P <0.05). The behaviour associated with food consumption was more frequently in treatments A and B (0.34 and 0.33, respectively) than in treatment C (0.29) (P <0.05). Standing animals were observed more frequently in treatment C (0.30) than in the other treatments (0.26 and 0.27, for treatment A and B, respectively) (P <0.06). More aggressions (P <0.06) were also observed in treatments B and C (0.71 and 0.81, respectively) than in treatment A (0.53). Conclusion: Productive performance and comfort of the animals were affected negatively as stocking density increase in the pens.

Objective: to identify the main socio-environmental, strategic planning  of projects that trigger change in a participatory tecniques with the owners of the properties under study. Design/methodology/approach: it was carried out based on field trips, semi-structured interviews and participatory workshops that considered the history of the community, maps of the land, natural resources available; problematic and possible solutions, as well as an analysis of Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Threats (SWOT). Results: the main socio-environmental problems were identified, the vision of the producers (owners and medieros), as well as the possible agroforestry projects that triggered change as an alternative to traditional ornamental production systems that have ceased to be profitable. The restoration with endemic species of the Mountain Mesophilic Forest was also considered in the proposals. Limitations/implications: participatory characterization and diagnosis is the first phase for the Community Territorial Planning of farms in the community of Xaltepuxtla, Puebla. A participatory methodology for the conversion of production systems at farm level is described step by step. Findings/conclusions: participatory mapping and SWOT analysis as diagnostic tools were decisive for the identification, registration and analysis of information at the farm level. these, in addition, considered the biophysical and management variations to propose relevant detonation projects of change and accepted by the owners and medieros.