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546,196 artículos

Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Luna-López, Abel Ernesto; Germán-Flores, Lucía; Zúñiga-García, Ángela Elena
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introduction: with the emergence of the new coronavirus and the wide worldwide distribution, its effects in people with some comorbidities are a global concern. Cancer is a disease with a high incidence and prevalence in society, included among the main causes of mortality.Objective: to describe the management of cancer patients during COVID-19Method: a literature review of articles published up to June 2020 was carried out, using the Pubmed / Medline, SCOPUS and SciELO databases. 28 references were selected for the preparation of the present.Development: cancer has variable clinical and prognostic behaviors that generally lead to states of immunosuppression caused by the therapeutics used for its treatment; Therefore, they are more vulnerable to infectious diseases. The proper care of this group of people is the responsibility of the health systems. Some measures are based on social distancing, either in reducing the number of companions of the patient in the consultation or chemotherapy sessions, the prohibition of visits to hospitalized patients and the use of technologies with the use of teleconsultations for routine follow-up, as well as the change from intravenous to oral treatmentsConclusions: the study of the behavior of COVID-19 in cancer patients is under development. The measures that the institutions take to achieve quality care for people with cancer are varied and are based mainly on social distancing.
Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Díaz-Águila, Hector; Quintero-Castro, Pedro Raúl
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río

Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Montes de Oca-Carmenaty, Margarita; Blázquez-López, Anabel; Chaveco-Bello, Lilian Lorena; Filiú-Farrera, Justo; Reyes-Sánchez, Raúl Ernesto
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introduction: clinical electrocardiography is an essential tool for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, and at the same time a complex content to assimilate. The application of mnemonics for the teaching-educational process allows a simpler and more efficient memorization.Objective: to prepare an educational multimedia on clinical electrocardiography applying mnemonicsMethod: a technological innovation investigation was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba from September to December 2018. A validation was carried out using Delphi method by 30 experts and an evaluation by 351 third year medical students. Mediaware and object-oriented programming, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Office, Adobe Reader and Adobe Flash were used for the design.Results: 66,67 % of the teachers had an assistant teaching category and 46,67 % were Doctors of Pedagogical and / or Medical Sciences. For 98,78 % of the experts, multimedia is a didactic model, which provides complete and up-to-date information on the subject and all applicable in teaching. 100 % of students expressed that multimedia allows an adequate understanding of knowledge and that the level of ease of use is adequate. A significant increase (p <0,05) in knowledge levels was found after using multimedia.Conclusions: the multimedia designed was an auxiliary tool for learning through the application of mnemonics. He found positive assessments by experts and students on quality, feasibility and relevance in terms of technical and content aspects.
Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Pedraza-Rodríguez, Elys María; González-Velázquez, Victor Ernesto; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Lissi Lisbet
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introduction: chemotherapy-induced heart disease is a common complication and the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors.Objective: to determine the factors associated with the onset of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines at Celestino Hernández Robau Teaching Cancer Hospital during 2018.Method: an observational, analytical, case-control study was conducted during the months of January 2018 to February 2019, at “Celestino Hernández Robau” Teaching Cancer Hospital, Villa Clara. The population was comprised of 89 patients with breast cancer diagnosed during 2018 treated with anthracyclines, from which a sample of 52 patients was chosen.Results: there was a statistically significant relationship between variables such as history of high blood pressure (p=0,021, OR: 1,901, CI: 1,056-3,412), obesity (p=0,001, OR: 2,032, CI: 1,596-4,178), left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0,004, OR: 4,032; CI: 1,569-6,178), maximum corrected QT (p=0,073), diastolic dysfunction (p=0,025; OR 3,545; CI 1,346-5,687) and LVEF (p=0,012), which were associated with the occurrence of cardiotoxicity in the study sample.Conclusions: history of hypertension, obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, as well as LVEF and corrected QT values, predispose the appearance of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines.
Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Barbosa-Ramos, Reinaldo Luis; González-Rodríguez, Raidel
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introduction: arboviruses are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes with a high hygienic and sanitary impact, requiring adequate surveillance and vector control.Objective: to characterize the surveillance and anti-vector control of arboviruses in a primary health care institution.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at Pedro Borras Astorga University Polyclinic in the city of Pinar del Río during the period April-August 2019. The variables included: vector infestation index, suspicion of arboviruses, human resources involved, results of surveillance and vector control, as well as educational activities on arboviruses. The results were presented in statistical tables and graphs, and comparisons were made with other studies reviewed in relation to this topic.Results: the highest rate of infestation was found in August (0,7), 98,9 % of the patients were suspected of having dengue fever and 56,8 % of the human resources were students involved in the anti vector control activity. A total of 33 288 patients were treated and 1 378 patients with symptoms of arboviruses were identified. The face-to-face technique prevailed (23 590) as an educational activity on arboviruses.Conclusions: low infestation indicators, efficient human resources in its control, satisfactory results in terms of the actions performed, as well as the development of educational activities on arboviruses were found. These characteristics showed the sustainability and entomological efficacy achieved in the institution, with repercussions on greater quality of life and protection of social and community health.
Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Palenzuela-Ramos, Yannky; Moreira-Díaz, Lázaro Raidel; Maciñeira-Lara, Ivón Elena; Torres-Martínez, Yolanis; Gamboa-Díaz, Yadira
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a health problem, having an impact on all systems and which can trigger episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis.Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. The target group comprised 37 patients; all of them were included in the study. The variables were processed in the statistical package SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistical methods were applied.Results: patients between 31 and 40 years of age (37,84 %) and female gender (64,86 %) predominated, with an average age of 34,5 ± 5.71 years; 100 % of the patients presented dry mucous membranes, polypnea and tachycardia. Pneumonia (64,86 %) and urinary tract infection (54,05 %) prevailed as triggering causes. Shock was the main complication related to diabetes mellitus (27,03 %). Patients with moderate ketoacidosis were the majority (51,35 %).Conclusions: diabetic patients, between the second and third decade of life, and mostly female gender are prone to suffer from diabetic ketoacidosis. Clinically they manifest with dryness of the mucous membranes, polypnea and tachycardia mainly. Pneumonia and urinary tract infections are frequent triggering factors, shock is the main complication; patients with moderate ketoacidosis represented the greater numbers.
Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Hernández del Haya, Diana Cristina; Redondo Rodríguez, Claudia María; Mirabal Pérez, Yilianne; del Haya Rodríguez, María Cristina
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introduction: Laser therapy and stimulation of the acupuncture points are anti-inflammatory and analgesic alternative treatments in dentistry.Objective: to describe the use of low power laser therapy in the emergency treatment of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment during 2018.Methods: observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study of patients who attended emergency department at Guama Dentistry Clinic during 2018, Pinar del Río, presenting apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment; 86 patients participated in the study. Descriptive statistics was applied, respecting the bioethical principles.Results: female gender predominated (53,49 %), apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment was more prevalent in the age group 20-24 (30,23 %); 65,5 % of the patients presented remission and relief after the third treatment session. Only 2,33 % needed more than six treatment sessions.Conclusions: apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment is more common in women during the first half of the second decade of life. The treatment showed effectiveness from the first treatment sessions.
Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Camputaro, Luis Alberto
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río

Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Salabarría-Lazo, Enmanuel; Hernández-Ruíz, Alexis; Cuarteros-Ibáñez, Wendy María; Carles-Zequera, José Máximo; Marcos-Marcos, Armando
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introducción: la infección por el Papilomavirus es una infección de transmisión sexual que se encuentra muy extendida en mujeres y hombres. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del Papilomavirus en pacientes con patologías cervicales diagnosticadas en el Hospital de Trinidad en el período de enero a septiembre en los años 2016 y 2017. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de cohorte retrospectivo en el que se estudió el comportamiento del Papilomavirus en pacientes con patologías cervicales diagnosticadas en el Hospital de Trinidad en el período de enero a septiembre en los años 2016 y 2017.Resultados: del total de pacientes el 32,2 % presentaron infección por Papilomavirus, predominando el grupo etario de 25 a 35 años. Se documentaron a la multiparidad, la promiscuidad, las relaciones sexuales precoces y escasa sintomatología como principales factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de la infección con valores superiores al 60 %. El 84 % de las pacientes con carcinoma in situ presentaron infección por Papilomavirus. con una incidencia del 27 % por encima al año 2016.Conclusiones: se presentaron un elevado número de citologías alteradas secundarias al Papilomavirus. El grupo etario más vulnerable fue el de 26-35 años. El año de mayor incidencia del Papilomavirus es el 2017 con un incremento de nuevos casos en comparación al año anterior. La NIC II se presentó como principal complicación. La escasa sintomatología, el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales, la promiscuidad y la multiparidad se presentaron como factores de riesgo de elevada prevalencia. 
Año: 2020
ISSN: 1990-7990
Matos-Santisteban, Miguel Alfredo; Cedeño-Salema, Esperanza de la Caridad; López-Catá, Felipe de Jesús
Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Cuba, where acute myocardial infarction has a high incidence and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.Objective: to identify the risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiology Service at “Celia Sanchez Manduley” Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital during 2019.Methods: an observational, analytical case-control study was conducted. The target group consisted of 345 patients, all of them were studied. Absolute frequency and relative percentage were used. The chi-square test of independence and the odds ratio with its 95 % confidence interval were applied to determine the association between variables.Results: in both cases (27,9 %) and controls (26,5 %) prevailed the age group 50-59 years old. El 71,3 % of the cases were non-obese, as 72,6 % of controls. Hyperlipidemia was associated with the development of an acute myocardial infarction (p <0,001), representing a cardiovascular risk factor (OR: 4,39 CI: 2,72-7,07). Association between the presence of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, smoking and familiar history of ischemic cardiopathy (p<0,05) was associated with the presence of acute myocardial infarction.Conclusions: individuals after the fourth decade of life were more prone to develop acute myocardial infarction. Smoking, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus represented risk factors for the development of acute myocardial infarction. 

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