Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present investigation was developed to evaluate the nutritional content and determine the organoleptic acceptance of a hummus-type product using lupine and dehydrated tomato as the main raw material, which are produced locally in the Ecuadorian territory, promoting the production and generating the industrialization of Andean products accessible and beneficial for health. A formulation was developed applying 56% lupine and 30% dehydrated tomato, the nutritional content was evaluated obtaining the following results: 30.51% protein, 7.12% fiber, 10.43% carbohydrates; 3.2mg/100g iron; 7.2 mg / 100 g of calcium and finally 5.90% of total fat, presenting a higher protein content and sensory acceptance compared to a commercial hummus, thus showing that the application of lupine affects the nutritional value of the product and the dehydrated tomato. in the sensory acceptance of the panelists.

Sugarcane of the genus Saccharum officinarum is mainly used for sugar production; however, the In Ecuador, criminal liability for victims of gender violence is regulated by the COIP, which aims to guarantee the right to a life free of violence for women. This law establishes a series of measures to prevent, punish and eradicate gender violence, and also establishes a series of benefits for victims of gender violence, including the possibility of mitigating criminal liability in specific cases. The methodology used for the development of the scientific article is descriptive since it allows to establish under a qualitative approach the explanation of the study variables through the documentary review technique in which several documents on gender violence are analyzed. With the criteria of inclusion and explanation for the development. It is important to point out that the justice system should be sensitive to the needs of the victims of gender violence and provide comprehensive and specialized attention.

The objective of the research focuses on analyzing the behavior of exports and imports of Ecuador and its impact on the trade balance, in the periods from 2018 to 2022, for the development of the research an analytical method was selected that involves variables of quantitative and qualitative character, the type of sampling that was used was intentional or opinionated because in this case the elements were chosen based on pre-established criteria or judgments. The selected variables were the Trade Balance that represented the dependent variable, because its balance changes according to the behavior of the independent variables that were exports and imports. The analysis determined that the balance of trade between Ecuador and the rest of the world maintained a cyclical trend in the evaluation periods, except for the year 2021, when imports exceeded imports by 23%, which represents 56,909 million dollars higher than exports.

The purpose of the research has been to interpret how institutional governance contributes to transparency in public companies; accompanied by the following guidelines: Identify the principles of governance that enable transparency, and reflect on the actions of the public company from an institutional governance perspective. The approach to research has been from a phenomenology-interpretative research design, with a qualitative approach, whose level is descriptive, in addition to having an inductive and constructivist dimension, sustained from the documentary, field and non-experimental; the method of analysis used is represented by the phases established by the grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin), it was applied to the process of constant comparison and triangulation of the information collected (direct observation, documents and discourse of the interviewees). The unit under study is represented by Public Entreprise Corporacion Nacional de Electricidad (CNEL), Province of Manabí. Through the use of the hermeneutical method, a greater process of understanding, understanding and interpretation of the narrative of the key informants and their corresponding association with the topics addressed has been achieved, such as: Governance and public companies, and relationship with institutional transparency. The research, apart from showing substantive findings, also shows how a new managerial paradigm (governance) can contribute to the instructions of public administration, generating a proposal called: Institutional governance as managerial praxis in Public Companies. 

The research aims to interpret governance as a functional axis of quality in service to users of public companies; This purpose is accompanied by the following guidelines: Contextualize governance in public management spaces; as well as identifying the principles of governance that generate quality in public services. The research proposes a phenomenological-interpretative approach, with a qualitative perspective design, descriptive level, with the use of the inductive method and documentary type, field and non-experimental; The strategy of analysis has been through the proposal of the grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin), it is applied to the process of theoretical saturation and triangulation of the information collected (notes of direct observation, texts and discourse of the informants). The unit under study is represented by the E.P. Corporación Nacional de Electricidad (CNEL), province of Manabí. Through the use of the axial matrix, it is possible to detect the "in vivo codes", allowing to facilitate the process of categorization by the researchers, and in turn interpret the narrative of the key informants, associating them with the topics addressed: Governance and quality of service to users, and the interrelation that must exist with public companies. The research, apart from showing substantive findings, also shows how a new managerial paradigm (governance) can contribute to the instructions of the public administration, generating a proposal called: Governance as a praxis to make quality viable in Public Companies. 

This investigation contemplates the unconstitutionality that entails the exercise and practice of a criminal process carried out in contempt to citizens accused of a crime. To be specific to the subject, this research develops the analysis regarding the typicity and unconstitutionality of the special criminal procedure contemplated by the Constitution of Ecuador and empowered by the Organic Integral Criminal Code for the crimes of Embezzlement, Concussion, Bribery and Illicit Enrichment, which substantiate and allow those accused of these types of crimes to be tried in contumacy. This absence of the accused in a trial hearing must be observed from its legal character and rights, that although it is true that the norm and the Ecuadorian law allows it for the crimes described above, this would not constitute something fair for the person to whom his legal situation would be resolved, starting from the premise that a right is not inalienable,  the absence of the defendant would not imply a waiver of his right to material defense, much less his right to defence; That is, being tried in absentia constitutes a violation of rights, so this special criminal procedure would not guarantee a fair trial, nor respect for the right to defense.. Therefore, in this sense, it would be determined that this special criminal procedure, beyond not guaranteeing a fair trial, would constitute unconstitutional as it violates rights. However, we also find a contrast in other legislations, such as the Italian one, within which it is allowed to be tried in absentia those who consider that the non-presence of the accused does not violate rights as long as several conditions are met within the judicial process. 

This article suggests a critique of the abuse of pretrial detention, with respect to the commission of a rare crime or of little social significance, or the analysis of the execution of a short sentence with a preventive detention order, which is costlier for the State, rather than making the decision of an extrajudicial reparation, or resolve with non-custodial sanctions, alternative to prison.    Freedom is the general rule, which can only be exceptionally and motivatedly restricted, especially if it is too serious a crime. But it is the responsibility of the State to take care of this freedom, fundamental rights and constitutional guarantees that protect not only the victim but the offender. The order of preventive detention must be adjusted to the reality of the accused, especially when there are other precautionary measures that do not deprive him of his right to liberty, in this way his situation as a defendant is avoided, just to respond to an equivocal interest of security and supposed justice that society demands.    Ecuador's Comprehensive Criminal Code lacks justice and reasonableness. The system has allowed itself to be carried away by customary work and not by what the norm expressly mandates and prohibits. The result of this is prison overcrowding, for crimes less serious than those carried out by members of the government, who affect not only the direct victim of a specific crime, but the entire Ecuadorian people. But it is still more important to prosecute lighter crimes, and order custodial sentences to disguise "justice" in front of the society that cries out for jail, while the great crimes are being absorbed by the forgetfulness of Ecuador's judges, and by the same cycle of corruption due to punitive populism, which result not only in prison crisis.  but more criminalization of poverty. 

The purpose of the research was to interpret smart governance as a way to institutional transparency from the proposal of open government, being the unit of study the PORTOVIAL EP located in the Portoviejo county of the Province of Manabí; Its methodological approach is phenomenological-interpretive, supported by the descriptive-hermeneutic method, being a non-experimental fieldwork, with a documentary review strategy to support the discursive narrative of the researchers; on the other hand, it was incorporated as a strategy for analyzing the findings that arose what was proposed by the Grounded Theory (Strauss and Corbin) adapted to the present case study; the hermeneutic method (analytical-interpretive) contributed to the characterization of PORTOVIAL EP from a compressive and interpretative position based on what was expressed by the interviewees -academics and researchers- through the so-called semi-structured interview (in depth). The research has managed to identify the principles of intelligent governance from the context of institutionality, and in addition to revealing the conditions of open government that facilitate the transparency proposed by governance Among the findings encountered are two aspects that give opportunity to an idea of good practice within the PORTOVIAL EP.; these aspects arise from a process of categorization, a careful discursive triangulation and a process of constant comparison, being the aspects: 1.- Governance. An opportunity for open government, and 2.-A space for transparency; both allow us to make visible the following good practice: Intelligent governance as the driving axis of transparency. 

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can potentially enhance language learning outcomes by offering personalized learning experiences, improving speaking and listening skills, and increasing student engagement. However, integrating AI into language education in countries like Ecuador presents unique challenges, such as limited infrastructure, teacher training, and data privacy and security concerns. This study explores the potential benefits and challenges of integrating AI into English language education in Ecuador through a qualitative approach. Five English teachers from the best five schools in Quito were purposively sampled and interviewed using semi-structured questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and the findings reveal that adequate infrastructure and teacher training are necessary to integrate AI effectively into English language education. The potential benefits of integrating AI include personalized feedback, improved language proficiency, and objective assessments. However, there are concerns about the potential negative impact of AI on human interaction and emotional support for students. Further research is needed to explore these issues in more depth. In addition, the practical and ethical integration of AI in language education requires the development of infrastructure, teacher training, and privacy policies.

With the emergence of assisted human reproduction techniques, family dynamics different from those we traditionally know are born for the right, post mortem fertilization is one of them and raises the possibility that women can conceive a new being even after the death of their spouse or sentimental partner, using for this the genetic material of the deceased person (sperm) or constituted embryos but that have not been implanted in the woman. In this context, this article analyzed the problems involved in the birth of people through the postmortem fertilization technique and the impossibility of being able to relate the child to the deceased father, which causes the right to identity of these minors to be affected. Due to not being able to fully guarantee one of the elements that make up this right, for this, the systematic method was used in order to determine the scope of this right and the implications of this practice in case it occurs in Ecuador. With this, it was possible to demonstrate that although the Constitution of the Republic recognizes and guarantees the right to identity, there are still barriers that prevent all children from seeing their right materialized, due to the lack of regulation in Ecuador regarding access, procedures and requirements in the use of assisted human reproduction techniques.