Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Technology-based governance is a trend that is increasing among Latin American governments, technological advances have made many processes that had to be carried out in person now be carried out through a web application or when entering a certain web page of any organization. In this sense, communication and information technologies are being the protagonists of many changes at all levels, and such is the case of governments and democracies in different parts of the world, these governments have considered the possibility of including the new technologies to government processes, generating what is known as Electronic Government, which bases its central idea of application on the incorporation of technological tools to its processes or options that are offered to the citizen in order to manage their requirements in a way more expeditious, truthful and transparent. The objective of the research is to analyze the effectiveness of electronic government in compliance with tax obligations in the city of Portoviejo in 2021, this as part of a new Open Government policy adopted by Ecuador. The methodology used was that of a documentary investigation, in which it was concluded that the city of Portoviejo occupies one of the first places in Ecuador in which efficient services are included around the collection processes at the tax level of the region, apart from of the information available on the city's website. 

The position of the lower incisors is considered extremely important when planning an orthodontic treatment because it influences facial aesthetics and the optimal development of orthodontic treatment. It can also be related to factors such as skeletal pattern, facial, periodontal health, and perioral musculature. The objective was to evaluate the correlation of the inclination of the lower incisor with the facial and skeletal pattern in adults. Two hundred seventy-six digital lateral cephalic radiographs of the skull of individuals from 18 to 50 years of age who attended a radiographic center in the city of Quito, Ecuador, during the first period of 2019 were measured. The research carried out was observational, correlational, documentary, and cross-sectional. The variables to be evaluated were: facial pattern, skeletal pattern, and inclination of the lower incisor. In the inclination of the lower incisor concerning the facial pattern in brachifacials, an average of 97,01 was obtained. While for the mesofacials the average was 94.23˚, while the dolichofacials presented an average of 91,41˚. Regarding the inclination of the lower incisor and the skeletal pattern, an average of 96.61˚ was found in Class II, followed by Class I, with an average of 92,17˚, and finally, Class III, with 87.04. There was a significant difference between the inclination of the lower incisor about the facial (inverse and negative). That is, the greater the facial pattern, the lesser the inclination of the lower incisor.

The purpose of the research has been to interpret: Interpret how institutional governance contributes to disruptive management in public administration; This purpose is accompanied by the following guidelines: Identify the principles of governance that make disruptive management viable and reflect on the scope of disruptive management in public administration. The methodological design of the research is configured from a phenomenological-interpretative perspective, with a qualitative approach, with a descriptive level and inductive dimension, documentary, naturalistic and non-experimental; As an analysis strategy, the phases proposed by the grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin) were used, significantly from the narrative of the interviewees -key informants- represented by prominent academics and researchers in the area of public administration, who contributed, in addition to knowledge, research experience. It is worth mentioning the use of the hermeneutic method for a better understanding, understanding and interpretation of the exposed discourse and its associativity with the subject studied, its components, and singularities; It is worth mentioning the implementation of the in-depth interview (semi-structured). The research, apart from showing substantive findings, also shows good managerial practice such as: Disruptive governance from the perspective of modern management. 

Within a country, numerous tax processes are carried out, and among them is tax collection, which is aimed at obtaining income originated by tax obligations. The objective of this research was to analyze the incidence of tax reforms on tax collection in the Manta Canton, Ecuador. This research was based on a methodology with bibliographical-documentary research, where various documents were consulted to obtain accurate and reliable information on the subject; Within the results obtained, it is indicated that tax policies in Ecuador have presented various reforms, which depend on the economic situation of the country, being stipulated by the government in power and controlled by the tax administration, trying to stimulate and encourage taxpayers. to comply with their tax obligations and whose objective is to capture income from public or private companies in a certain period. The volatility of the economies, both internally in the country and worldwide, are impacted by different factors, which causes tax policies to be reformed to guarantee adequate collection for the dynamics of these changes.

Currently, communication systems play a fundamental role in the dissemination of information about natural disasters. This article presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on the use of communication systems as a basis for applying different emergency response scenarios of natural catastrophes. In addition, it aims to exhaustively analyze the existing literature on communication systems used in natural disaster environments. The first part focuses on the sources of information; then the investigations that use techniques in communication systems are described. Finally, the results obtained can be used to make decisions on the optimal management of resources according to the catastrophic event. 

During the last years, In Ecuador the digital transformation of citizen services has been a process gradually implemented. However, it is not clear the impact that the digital transformation has on organisational revenue. For this reason, the aim of this study is to analyse the economic impact of digital transformation on citizen services, using the Municipal Autonomous Decentralized Government of Portoviejo as the case study. For this purpose, a mixed and exploratory research was carried out: for the quantitative approach, secondary financial data provided by the institution was used, which was analysed using statistical methods. And, for the qualitative approach, we interview citizens to understand their perceptions and adoption of digital services. These data were analysed using content analysis techniques. The results show that revenue through digital services in this institution has gradually increased. In 2014 these services contributed 0.2% of the total collection and in 2021 it is 12.3%. Similarly, the number of users accessing them has increased, which has a highly positive correlation with the amounts collected. However, there are still limitations especially regarding to access to the Internet and trust in technological tools. The implications of this study are practical and can serve as support for decision makers to develop strategies for the implementation of digital services to the largest number of citizens possible. 

The research aimed to interpret the values of the public manager from the discourse of expert researchers; and the following guidelines: Identify the values with which the public manager reflects on a daily basis, understand the manager's vision with public administration from a values perspective, and reveal the values of the public manager in public administration; it was developed in the context of the reality of public institutions in the province of Manabí; The research is qualitative and inductive, with a documentary review strategy based on triangulation between the theories reviewed, the criteria of the researchers, and what is provided by the key informants in the interviews, giving space to a new construct which occurs under a proposal of good practice within the public administration; its level of depth is descriptive; A substantive contribution is given by the interviewees through their narrative, expanding the understanding of public management and the values of those responsible. The analysis strategy is given from what is proposed by the Grounded Theory; On the other hand, the possibility of having a valuable discourse provided by the interviewees, has given way to a methodical interpretation from hermeneutics, contributing to the process of understanding and interpreting the narrative exposed; As a finding, two aspects arise for good practice in public management: 1.- Cultural model of public management, and 2.- Disruptive public manager.

In the city of Machala there are several companies dedicated to the export of bananas, Banorpal S.A. It is intended to enter this group of businessmen, producing, and exporting bananas to Germany, given the research indicates that Germany is a good destination for Ecuadorian products, especially for those that occur in the agricultural sector. In addition, this European country seeks products with international certifications that guarantee the quality of the product, which for Ecuador is not new, since all the products they export are evaluated by Agrocalidad and MAGAP, institutions that are dedicated to verifying the quality of the product. from exportation. The methodology implemented is the qualitative approach which will allow us to know about the company and especially if it has the respective processes to be an export company. The results obtained show that Banorpal S.A, faces the daily challenge that every banana producer faces with the firm intention of competing in the international market. On the other hand, in the analyzes it was possible to verify that when proceeding with this export plan, it must be taken into account that cost increases may also arise, and in turn risk high logistics and labor costs so that , Banorpal S.A expects to receive the necessary support from the governments to obtain profitability and that the company is not only exported in Germany but also in several European countries and thus be able to maintain itself in a long-term market.

The objective of the research is to establish the relationships that exist between financial systems and financial trends or patterns in Latin America regarding foreign trade in the region, through a bibliographic documentary research in which the information was collected. Financial systems are instruments that are created to potentiate the finances of a country or region, these instruments are created to support financial development, these can be stock or banking, whichever it is will depend on the particular characteristics of each region. On the other hand, these systems support the patterns or trends adopted by certain markets, which obey certain types of variables that directly or indirectly impact financial practices and cause stock market behaviors globally. In the same way, international markets or foreign trade is one of the tools that is currently supporting the growth of economies throughout the Latin American region, since non-traditional economies are focusing their strategies on positioning their products and services in international markets. It is concluded that the relationship between these terms is relevant for the progress and development of the region in order to ensure that these emerging economies catapult developing countries into the international market arena. 

Service quality is an essential factor to be considered by any type of organization and is directly related to satisfaction. Thus, the perception of providing a quality service or having satisfied customers should be evaluated to improve the service being offered to society. The research objective was to analyze the quality of service and its impact on customer satisfaction in the agency Reales Tamarindos of bank Pichincha in the city of Portoviejo, using as methodology the quantitative approach, descriptive non-experimental design, the SERvice PERFormance, categorized into 5 dimensions, tangible aspects, reliability, responsiveness, security and empathy, distributed in 22 questions; applied to a non-probabilistic purposive sample of 300 customers. The results were as follows: tangible aspects were rated as high and very high; reliability was equally high and very high; responsiveness was perceived as high; safety was rated as high and very high; and empathy was high. Satisfaction was rated high. It is concluded that the perception of service quality by customers tends to be very high and this influences the satisfaction they feel for the service received, based on the security they perceive when they visit the facilities; the reliability provided by the staff in providing the promised service and the tangibility they perceive about the impeccable appearance of the staff and the infrastructure that the bank agency has.