Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The manufacturing sector constitutes a main component of development in the national economy and the presence of the Covid-19 health crisis has caused an imbalance in its administrative and operational actions. Manufacturing industries have limited their presence in the Quito Stock Exchange for the year 2021; therefore, the present study aims to analyze the effects of financial volatility in the manufacturing sector in the Quito Stock Exchange through the application of the CAPM model. To do this, an investigation with a quantitative approach and correlational scope was used by extracting the price of the shares of the Quito Stock Exchange and the companies were determined as the unit of analysis: Cervecería Nacional C.N, Holcim Ecuador and Industrias Ales. The results obtained showed that Cervecería Nacional CN and Holcim Ecuador have a lower systematic risk than the market, while Industrias Ales did not present volatility in its prices and caused its shares not to show returns for the year 2021. In conclusion, it is convenient the purchase of shares of Cervecería Nacional and Holcim Ecuador, since, in a historical analysis, the growth of their yields has been evidenced and it is considered an investment opportunity.

Social networks have triggered a broad evolution in the structure and accessibility of information with a prominent role in the diversity of market investments, since the decision of SMEs on the use of social networks as an approach to implement entrepreneurship has It was a strategic decision. Therefore, the objective of the research is to find out how the relationship of CRM has been in ventures through digital commerce in the commercial sector. The population of this study consists of all small and medium-sized companies, which are registered in the SRI of Tungurahua, this sample size is 163 enterprises in the commercial sector. The SPSS Sample Power version 3.0 statistic was used to calculate the optimal sample size. According to the results of previous theoretical studies, SMEs suffer from essential limitations such as financial resources, time constraints, marketing skills, and low market share. Therefore, SME managers must take this fact into account and pay attention to the indices associated with product and process innovations. Finally, it was concluded that traditional advertising and marketing methods were used in many SMEs and that the role of the media and social networks in this regard was not highlighted as much as it should. Many of these units have channels and pages on social networks that have not been updated for a long time and do not carry out specific activities. Therefore, SMEs should pay special attention to the media business.

Microcredits are not only an element to cover an emerging need for working capital, their importance has increased so much that they currently represent an important tool for the revitalization of the various commercial activities carried out by merchants and entrepreneurs from different social strata in urban, urban-marginal and rural sectors of different cities and cantons of Ecuadorian territory. The research objective was focused on determining the contribution that microcredits make to the commercial sector of 3 de Julio Street in the city of Santo Domingo in Ecuador, through the application of a questionnaire to a non-probabilistic sample by convenience of 50 merchants of the sector, and consequently the use of the analysis method. The results revealed a higher percentage of women engaged in trade, with a primary education, whose age ranges between 51-60 years and a time of more than 21 years in the activity, predominantly clothing and footwear trade; who had a regular economic situation that changed to good when they used the microcredit in the business. Most of the traders have obtained 1-3 microcredits of the extended accumulation type, with amounts greater than $10,000, granted by private banks with a frequency of application upon cancellation of the previous one. The benefits perceived include both for the business and the family, the increase in profits and improvement of the children's education; giving work to a family member, receiving larger amounts of credit; the microcredit is used for the purchase of merchandise.

The purpose of this work was to examine the impact of total quality management (TQM) practices on attitudes related to employee productivity, such as job participation, job satisfaction, professional satisfaction, and organizational commitment of employees. of the industrial sector of Tungurahua. The paper proposes and tests 4 hypotheses about the relationship between KM practices and work-related attitude. The results indicate that training and education have a significant positive effect on labor participation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Empowerment and teamwork significantly improve labor participation, job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Continuous improvement and problem prevention significantly improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Customer focus does not contribute to job engagement, job satisfaction, career satisfaction, or organizational commitment. The study was unable to assess the broader dimensions of CG practices. It is concluded that, managers should be aware that KM practices have a positive effect on employees' work-related attitudes (such as job participation, job satisfaction, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment).

The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) allows companies an adequate balance in the marketing of products or services. However, one of the shortcomings of SME companies, the lack of definition of market operating strategies (90%), as well as lack of knowledge of the commercial management system that allows employees to use comprehensive commercial tools in the attributes of the price, product, and customer service (10%). For this reason, it is intended to analyze the influence of CRM on companies in the province of Tungurahua as an attitudinal response to customer loyalty. An exploitative factor analysis and hypothesis testing were carried out using Spearman's Rho method with the SPSS software tool. As a result, the CRM allows the implementation of different marketing and sales action strategies towards clients where it helps to interact effectively and efficiently with current clients and potentially oriented to companies in the province of Tungurahua. As well as greater emphasis is placed on relationships with customers, the product, the level of satisfaction in different aspects of personalized attention, the prioritization of the price and the quality of the product that led to customer loyalty towards companies.

Intellectual capital is a challenge in the age of knowledge for the new generations of administrators and managers of the administration. Therefore, the objective of the research was to analyze the influence of intellectual capital on the organizational structure of companies in the commercial sector in the province of Tungurahua. The method that was used had a quantitative approach, since data was collected and analyzed, the same that was obtained through the application of digital surveys to 90 collaborators of commercial companies. The investigative scope was correlational, since two variables are measured. Similarly, the statistical method of exploratory factor analysis was used. The statistical technique of factorial analysis was applied through the use of SPSS software. The research hypotheses were accepted and finally it was concluded that the dimensions of intellectual capital operate synergistically by analyzing the influence of the determinants in the organizational structure of companies in the commercial sector of the province of Tungurahua.

The aim of the work was to critically examine the scholarly articles associated with the various aspects of supply chain agility. The review highlighted knowledge, existing gaps, and future research directions that can help academics and practitioners gain a comprehensive understanding. The methodological analysis analyzed the author's joint citations in order to thoroughly investigate good quality articles related to the supply chain using a systematic review study that has been published over a period of 22 years (1999-2020). In this study, 126 research articles published in various indexing journals in Scopus were examined. The results obtained by constructing analysis were know-how, agility, flexibility, thinness, adaptability and resilience. It was concluded that, the work helped the supply chain manager to get a better idea on how to become competitive in today's dynamic and turbulent business environment.

Customer satisfaction is an objective that every service provider company must consider, especially when its purpose is growth and expansion in the local markets where it intends to establish itself. For this reason, based on strategies, tools, techniques or methods provided by the management of operational processes, covered by specifications or standardized norms, they will make it more competitive, increasing the acquisition of loyal, faithful customers and multipliers of their good service because satisfaction is implicit. To measure the effectiveness of this process management and the impact on customer satisfaction, a field investigation will be carried out, where the protagonists will be the managers and employees of the distributor and the customers to whom the products will be distributed. of mass consumption; a survey will be applied to them that will yield their diverse or similar opinions as a result. As results to highlight is the consideration by managers and employees of Very good process management in the distributor; as well as the opinion of the clients regarding the importance of compliance with all the elements (performance, experience and offers) for satisfaction with the services received. For all this, it is concluded that the management of operational processes affects customer satisfaction in 72% of importance for the parties involved in the study (employees, managers and consumers).

During the last years, the management audit has been consolidated as an effective tool that allows to measure the administrative processes and the efficient management of financial and human resources. However, it is possible that, due to the incorrect handling of management indicators, erroneous results could be obtained at the end of the production process, having a direct impact on administrative decision-making by entities. For this reason, the objective was to analyze the impact of the management audit on administrative decision making in companies in the commercial sector. The type of research is documentary, and the methods used were bibliographic documentary review with a non-experimental-transversal design, using regional indexed journals as the main database. Among the most outstanding results, the importance of the management audit is visualized as a primary source of information for administrative decision-making, by virtue of the varied and in-depth examinations that an entity performs. In this study, the visualized findings are pointed out, as well as the conclusions and recommendations that clarify the need to carry out this type of audit in order to have relevant information before making administrative decisions.

This article was developed with the objective of exploring how the context related to the integral reparation of the Ecuadorian State to the victims of the prison system has developed, through a methodology based on a qualitative approach that will be substantiated through the use of the technique called interview. The purpose of applying this methodology will be to listen and understand a sample that can represent those people who have suffered this type of loss and who feel they have not received any support from the Ecuadorian State. In discussing the results, in summary, it is pertinent that measures are taken to prevent prison massacres, such as providing adequate supervision, improving living conditions in prisons, and working to reduce overcrowding. Finally, as the most important conclusion, it has been found that from the constitutional and jurisprudential normative point of view and within the framework of regulatory laws, the effective and timely protection of the rights recognized in international human rights treaties must be considered by the Ecuadorian State in an attempt to safeguard the proportionality that must exist between the legal remedies and the damages suffered by the direct and indirect victims of the prison crisis in the country.