Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The study of visual perception has its roots in the mid-twentieth century, but its application to graphic design is relatively recent. This text aims to highlight the various uses of eye tracking in evaluating various aspects of graphic design, such as form perception, text legibility, usability, and experience design in the various media used by graphic designers. Additionally, this text will outline concepts, tools, and methods that can be utilized in studying visual perception as it pertains to graphic design. The methodology employed in this research is documentary in nature, which involves the collection, review, and selection of relevant research on visual perception and eye tracking from various fields of study, including psychology, ergonomics, computer science, optometry, and others. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the consideration of visual perception as a method for evaluating graphic design from a scientific viewpoint. It also provides an opportunity to explore the potential offered by technology for conducting visual perception research in the field of graphic design.

           

The General Assembly of the United Nations recently sent a request to theInternational Court of Justice to prepare an advisory opinion to clarify twoRelevant Issues on State Responsibility in International Lawregarding climate change: (a)What are the obligations of the States to guarantee the protection of theclimate and environment of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissionsgreenhouse? and (b) What are the legal consequences for States, when, fortheir actions and omissions, have caused significant damage to the climate system and environmentenvironment, particularly to the most vulnerable States and to the peoples and individuals ofpresent and future generations? This article analyzes the content of the request andthe possible effects of the advisory opinion.

The Treaty of Lima signed on June 3, 1929 put an end to the diplomatic pendingstarted after the war over Guano and Salitre, a war that started fifty years ago.Many of those who fought in that war and lived through the fateful years that followedof it, were actors and witnesses of the negotiation process that would concludeone of the most sensitive aspects of the Treaty of Ancón: the return of the provincescaptives. The participation of the Peruvian Navy, both before, during andafter the signing of the Treaty, meant an example of Naval Diplomacy, demonstratingits old and current participation in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Peru.

The war between Russia and Ucrania unraveled in a context of declive del ordenmundial con una amplia diffusion del poder en el system, en el cual la principalmotivación de los international actors parece ser la competencia. Deal with oneperiod of transition, characterized by the resquebrajamiento of the institutions ofglobal governance and the principles of economic insight, cooperation in seguridady democratic solidarity. El presente trabajo intenda dilucidar de qué manera y a quélevel the ruso-ucraniana war, together a otras dinámicas que vienen operando en el contextointernacional desde hace dos décadades, podría influir in the configuration of a nuevoworld order; qué características debe tener ese nuevo orden; y cuál debe ser el rol delos actors en el mismo. From the analysis of the causes of the conflict, theneed to define a new orden más benigno, que reconozca las distintasinstitutional configurations and policies in the system, in addition to preserving thenecessary conditions to meet the main global challenges, to promote theeconomic prosperity and minimizing the risks of a great war.

        

After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the so-called “Washington Consensus”, the UnitedStates promoted the Free Trade Area of the Americas(LAC) with Canada and Mexico, the same one that managed to spread through Central America and some South American countries through some Free Trade Agreements; while in the Southern Hemisphere the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) was constituted that unites Brazil, Argentina,Integration processes are dynamic insofar as politics and the economy are interdependent factors not only at the local level, but also at the international level. Therefore, it isimportantto highlight what are the factors or constitutive dimensions of sub regional integration processes.