Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of the study was to describe the use and disposal of medicines from the family medicine cabinet from the perspective of environmental education. The study was conducted from January to October 2022 with 72 students of the Pharmacy and Biochemistry academic program of the Universidad Nacional “San Luis Gonzaga”, Ica, Peru. A virtual survey was applied using Google form with nine questions where the descriptive statistician was the relative trend analysis of the percentage. Storage in the medicine cabinet represented the highest percentage: 46.94%. The 10.20% of students did not know that medicines contaminate and 18.37% did not know that medicine wastes are harmful to health when consumed by animals and transferred to humans. A total of 6.12% of the students did not know that there are medicine containers and 14.29% of the students disposed of medicines inappropriately at home, where the highest percentage of disposal was for expiration and non-consumption: 46.94%. Annual disposal was the highest percentage (42.86%) and is produced by crushing (95.92%), where antibacterials were the therapeutic group with the highest frequency of disposal (46.95%) and antibiotics the lowest (2.04%). It is concluded that it is necessary to implement an environmental education on the disposal and elimination of medicines from the family medicine cabinet for university students, since there was a lack of knowledge about their storage, elimination and impact on public health and the environment.

The objective of this research is to determine the effect of the riparian forest on the fish community of the Tumbaro, Naranjillo and Mayo rivers in the Native Community of Shampuyacu, Awajun, Peru. Sampling was carried out at 14 points in the three rivers located in the Native Community. The collection of fish involved the use of passive and active fishing gear. The riparian forest was classified by means of satellite images into three categories: primary forest, secondary forest and agricultural cultivation, and finally eight physicochemical parameters were measured. A total of 1,198 fish distributed in 12 families and 27 species were collected. The Characiformes represented 57.3% of the total, followed by the Siluriformes (32.7%) and Perciformes (10%). Chaetostoma marmorescens Eigenmann & Allen, 1942, Chaetostoma sp. (Tschudi, 1846) and Hypostomus fonchii (Weber & Montoya-Burgos, 2002) were the three most abundant species with 7.33 %, 6.90 % and 4.37 %, respectively. The Tumbaro river presented the highest specific richness (S) with 23 species, followed by the Naranjillo river (S = 21) and the Mayo river (S = 18). The specific richness (S), the Shannon-Wiener index (H') and the Simpson index (D) were different between the points categorized as agricultural and primary forests; while the points considered as secondary forests were not different with primary forest, and with agricultural cultivation. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature and ammonium had a significant positive effect on H', while nitrate and conductivity had a significant negative effect. It is concluded that the disturbance of the riparian forest has a significant effect on the diversity of fish in the Tumbaro, Naranjillo and Mayo rivers in the Native Community of Shampuyacu, Awajun, Peru.

The objective of the study was to describe the sustainable treatment proposal for the evisceration of hydrobiological waste from the Modelo market in Ica, Peru. The study was carried out from June to September 2021 and evaluated the selection of the gutting of the following species: jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920), bonito (Sarda chiliensis chiliensis Cuvier, 1832), mullet (Mugil cephalus Linneaus, 1758) and mackerel (Scomber japonicus peruanus Linneaus, 1758), which are sold for human consumption. A three-stage process was proposed: 1st) pre-cooking of the hydrobiological residues, 2nd) preparation of the bacterial inoculum, and 3rd) preparation of the hydrobiological residues silage. Four experimental treatments based on milk, MRS (Man Rogosa Sharpe) agar and lactic acid bacteria substrate are proposed. The procedure of the described hydrobiological silage allows benefiting animal nutrition, since it offers a source of vitamins, minerals, probable antioxidant and use as a probiotic. It was concluded that the proposed treatment is a sustainable technology that allows transforming hydrobiological viscera as a source of animal feed.

The importance of the zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton, 1822) as an animal model to understand how various biological processes occur due to genotoxicity is well known. In the present investigation, the LC50 (median lethal concentration) was obtained in zebrafish for arsenic (As), which was 0.3 mg. L-1. Peripheral blood was then used to visualize genotoxic damage caused by As in nucleated erythrocytes using the comet assay. All types of comets were found according to the As concentration, type 0 (without damage) in the control and in the rest from LC50 all types of comets were present, type 3 and 4 (severe and serious damage) being more abundant. Concentrations 1/10, 1/5 and 1/2 of the LC50 showed comet types 1 and 2 more frequently, demonstrating the high sensitivity of the comet assay and the great versatility as an animal model of the zebrafish.

The objective of the study was to describe the viability of Orestias luteus Valenciennes, 1846 with food dependence on the yolk sac. The tendency to death of prelarvae during the first seven days was increasing. The study was carried out in the prototype culture laboratory of Fundación Titicaca Perú (FUNTI-PERU), Puno, Perú. As biological material, 100 units of O. luteus prelarvae were used and distributed in two aquariums with 50 specimens each. The environmental quality of the water was controlled by a HANNA HI98194 multiparameter meter (temperature = 12°C-15°C, dissolved oxygen = 6.0 mg·L-1 - 6.3 mg·L-1, pH = 7.0 - 7.5). Water replacement was performed for 15 days for five times with a frequency of every three days. O. luteus prelarvae were not fed for the first seven days and from the eighth to the tenth day were fed an exogenous diet of Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758. However, on the eighth day when A. salina was fed, the trend was towards a decrease in mortality. It is concluded that the survival of O. luteus decreases after the first three days, even when the yolk sac is present. Likewise, there was a tendency to maintain viability when there was dependence on exogenous feeding by means of A. salina.

The challenges of virtual learning in times of COVID-19 were analyzed at the Faculty of Secondary Education of the "Félix Varela Morales" Pedagogical Headquarters, of the Marta Abreu de Las Villas Central University, located in the city of Santa Clara, Villa Clara Cuba between the years 2020-2021. The Materialist Dialectic was used as a general method, and the methods of the historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive theoretical level. Bibliographic sources were reviewed including journal articles, books, research reports and documents that deal with the subject mainly between the years 2020-2021. Among the main results, the need to work in the direction of three great challenges stands out: the efficient use of technological resources available in Cuban universities, the preparation of teachers and students for virtual learning and the didactic organization of each one of the subjects. It is concluded that an approach to these three challenges of virtual learning in times of pandemic is required.

Cyanide, used by the mining industries, is a toxic compound which mainly aff ects c-oxidase metalloenzyme in living beings, an essential enzyme for cellular respiration. Th e inhibition of this enzyme blocks oxidative phosphorylation, causing cell death. Biological methods such as phytoremediation provide an alternative to reduce or degrade contaminants such as cyanide. However, this technique would require plants that tolerate high concentrations of the metal present in the soil. On the other hand, some microorganisms have a high capacity of cyanide detoxifi cation due to many metabolic pathways they have, such as Bacillus pumilus Meyer and Gottheil 1901, which presents the cyanid CynD that allows the degradation of cyanide formic acid and ammonium. Th e aim of this research was to design plasmids for the CynD expression in a model plant such as Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), Heynh. via Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith & Townsend, 1907) Conn, 1942 to lay the foundations to evaluate if the CynD of B. pumilus could confer to the plants the ability to grow in the presence of cyanide and assist in its degradation. For this purpose, bioinformatic tools were used to design a cloning vector (pUCCynD), inserting in silico the CynD sequence in the polylinker of the plasmid pUC18, among the EcoRi (5’GAATTC - 3’CTTAAG) and BamHi (5’GGATCC-3’CCTAGG) enzymes; and a transformation vector (pBCynD), inserting in silico the CynD sequence into the polylinker of the plasmid pBI121, among the ScaI (5’GAGCTC-3 ‘CTCGAG) and BamHI (5’GGATCC-3’CCTAGG) enzymes.

In this research, the effect of acai pulp on the physicochemical, sensory quality, and antioxidant capacity of a type II yogurt sweetened with Stevia was evaluated. A completely randomized experimental design with a factorial arrangement was proposed, the factor under study corresponded to the concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% of acai pulp. Three replicates per formulation trial were established respectively. The Tukey test was used for the physicochemical and antioxidant capacity variables, while the Kruskal Wallis test was used for the sensory profile. A significant difference was determined in the study variables and the following results were obtained: pH 3.78 - 3.79; °Brix 6.53 – 7.03%; acidity 0.90 – 1.02%; density 1,036 – 1,039 g/ml; total solids 11.93 – 12.05%; viscosity of 291.67 – 382.67 mPa.s; protein 2.43 – 2.49%; fat 1.27 – 1.57%; total phenols 635.80 – 2002.04 mg EAG/mL; antioxidant capacity 0.55 – 1.84 µmol EQ Trolox/mL; the test with the best sensory acceptance was A3 (15% acai pulp) which obtained a significant difference in the flavor and texture attribute, in addition, it presented better values ​​in colorimetry in terms of Lightness 74.87, saturation 2.47 and tone 19.30. Except for the protein content, all the treatments presented microbiological and physicochemical quality within the requirements of the INEN 2395 standard, on the other hand, the proposed hypothesis was accepted since all the evaluated parameters varied significantly in the proposed formulations. Yogurt with acai pulp can be considered a food with potential functional compounds for the benefit of the consumer.

Actualmente, varios problemas de optimización del mundo real han sido modelados matemáticamente. El proceso de modelado considera la mayor cantidad de información posible para proporcionar resultados válidos, y el modelo obtenido comúnmente se resuelve computacionalmente. Sin embargo, a medida que aumenta la información, también aumenta la complejidad. En consecuencia, se necesita una mayor capacidad computacional para resolver problemas complejos y escalables. Como resultado, se han desarrollado algoritmos meta-heurísticos para resolver problemas complejos de optimización. Estos algoritmos se usan comúnmente para dos o más dimensiones en las que están involucradas operaciones vectoriales y matriciales. Por lo tanto, es útil realizar procesos paralelos que reduzcan el tiempo de ejecución para solucionar este problema. Actualmente, las unidades centrales de procesamiento (CPU, por sus siglas en inglés) multinúcleo logran resolver fácilmente pequeños problemas con cálculos paralelos. Sin embargo, la unidad de procesamiento de gráficos (GPU, por sus siglas en inglés) mejora el rendimiento porque integra una cantidad de núcleos más importante que la CPU. Es muy útil para resolver problemas utilizando varios procesos en paralelo. Las operaciones matriciales, el problema del vendedor y el problema de planificación de expansión de la transmisión (TEP) han sido seleccionados para implementarse utilizando la GPU para verificar la contribución del procesador al rendimiento de los cálculos científicos. En los resultados, la GPU ayudó a resolver el "problema del vendedor" porque se analizaron más soluciones o partículas candidatas en menos tiempo. Debido a estos resultados, se asumió que habría un mejor rendimiento resolviendo el problema TEP utilizando la GPU y analizando un número mayor de topologías candidatas en menos tiempo. Sin embargo, este no fue el caso; según los resultados, el uso de la GPU lleva más tiempo al analizar más partículas.

The development of robotic devices like exoskeletons involves using several components, such as actuators and sensors. These components exchange information with the main device or between them using a communication system; this allows data transfer during the device's operation. In addition, a communication system with good performance is the basis for the correct operation of the control system. In this context, selecting an appropriate methodology to meet design specifications during software development is necessary. This research presents the development of ALLEX CAN software, so named because it is part of the communication system of the ALLEX-2 (ALLEX version 2) prototype and uses the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. The system was created using the SocketCAN library as a base, which provides a range of tools to work with CAN interfaces. C++ was the programming language selected to develop this solution for its lower execution time. The performance of this software is compared with the ready-to-use functions provided by the manufacturer Maxon Motor. Experimental tests show the superior performance of our developed software.