Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

At the central level, regulation of information processing of the motivational and reinforcing properties of food depends principally on brain structures such as the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), where dopaminergic transmission plays a preponderant role in activating dopamine receptors related to reward. Anatomical and neurochemical studies indicate that D4 dopamine receptors (D4R) are presynaptically expressed and regulate the release of glutamate to GABAergic neurons in the NAcS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the pharmacological blockade of D4R in the NAcS on the regulation of motivation for palatable food (MPF) in male Sprague Dawley rats using a progressive ratio (PR) reinforcement program. According to our results, blockade of the RD4 with the antagonist, L-745,870 (1 µg), in the NAcS decreases the number of levers presses, the number of reinforcers obtained and the breakpoints. Accordingly, the blockade of RD4 in the NAcS decreases the MPF, so it could be a pharmacological target in the treatment of feeding pathology by decreasing the reinforcing properties of palatable food.

An innovative project contributes to the solution of social problems, the students are suppliers of business ideas that can become companies, however, in this process, the students are not well oriented towards this end, therefore the importance of accompaniment of the academia, from the conception of an innovative project to the measurement of its contribution in the development of the country, in this role, the university can interact with other agents, integrating itself into a business ecosystem that seeks a sustained growth of the companies born from the student initiative The objectives of this research are: to set up a business ecosystem for the Hospitality and Services Department of UTE university and establish the factors that lead to the failure of the projects. The descriptive exploratory method, a case study in this departament, was used as techniques: bibliographic review, interviews with teachers and technicians in entrepreneurship. As results, there were identified six possible actors of the ecosystem that could interact in three stages: pre-incubation, incubation and sustainability. The lack of entrepreneurial culture, fear and lack of support highlight as factors of failure that affect entrepreneurship.

The objective of this article is to determine which Social Marketing strategies should be more appropriate in order to foster reading habits in university students. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional correlated study. The results show that university students are below the national average of books read per year. They are aware of the lack of reading habits and that reading campaigns have not been successful despite the efforts. The results also show that the participants prefer printed literature book versions contrary to what was expected and access to reading materials via social media. Specific actions are suggested according to participants’ preferences so reading habits can be fostered through Social Marketing Strategies in order to make students aware of the positive impact reading has in their personal as well as in their professional life.

Sabinal River crosses the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, from west to east, with an approximated longitude of 12 km. This river has 21 tributaries, which over the years and the population growth, the river federal zone and its effluent’s have been invaded by the urban spot. At present, four of these tributaries have been covered over (forced to be underground) and represent a high risk to the population located close or over this infrastructure, because some sections have more than 50 years without maintenance and have been submitted, internally, to aggressive environment, product of the gases generated by sewage, such as: hydrogen sulfides, methane and ammonium, mainly. Besides carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen, which are common, together with humidity and high temperature which contribute to the accelerated deterioration. This paper presents the analysis of a visual inspection, integrating materials deterioration associated to the structural damage found, in addition to obtained results from electrochemical and chemical test to evaluate the degree of corrosion in a structural element of reinforced concrete that crosses the tunnel channel. It is possible to conclude that structure present different pathologies, classified as common damages such as efflorescence, softened zones, and fungi on bricks and natural rocks. On areas with reinforced concrete, cracking, leaks, efflorescence, lixiviation, infiltration and concrete runoff. Severe damages were observed, such as blowups, partial detachments, generalized corrosion and total loss of steel reinforcement, at some locations, in the main structure. This degradation is active and constant, according to the evaluated electrochemical parameters, which affects the efficiency and durability of evaluated elements in the San Roque tunnel channel.

The construction system with masonry of hollow mortar blocks for the walls of housing, has been extensively studied and used in Mexico, Latin America and in other countries; However, families of low income living on the outskirts of cities, built makeshift homes, with high levels of insecurity and poor health. This paper discusses the characteristics and conditions of the homes of low-income families, in three outlying colonies to Copainala, Chiapas, Mexico City, resorting to self-construction of homes with masonry of hollow block of mortar, with two cells, constructed with insufficient structural confinement, which warns problems of insecurity, vulnerability to the action of earthquakes and possible risks in the safety of the inhabitants. Arise, in addition, the results of compression tests performed on masonry blocks prepared on-site by the inhabitants, who compared the results of parts with three cells proposed by this research team, made with the same quantity of materials, but with an enhanced compaction process and curing concrete, show that the average compressive strength increased 14.73%; also, included two alternative housing with integral masonry, i.e. structurally confined from placing reinforcing steel and concrete inside of cells, in both directions and the length and high of walls, in order to increase the homes earthquake-resistant capacity and to avoid to potential risks in the safety of the inhabitants.

El libro Planificación para el desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe, enfoque, experiencia y perspectivas fue desarrollado por autores de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), institución que forma parte de las comisiones regionales de las Naciones Unidas y cuyo objetivo es colaborar principalmente de manera técnica en el desarrollo de la región. De este modo, el primer autor, Jorge Máttar fue ex director del Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Planificación Económica y Social (ILPES), organismo que forma parte de la CEPAL y que tiene como visión la generación de conocimiento así como la presentación de propuestas investigativas y técnicas que se relacionan con el rol del Estado, la planeación y la gestión pública en los procesos de desarrollo. El segundo autor Luis Mauricio Cuervo es actual Oficial de Asuntos Económicos del ILPES y sus temáticas de investigación se centran en análisis de teorías y prácticas para el desarrollo, así como en la investigación de herramientas prospectivas aplicadas en la construcción de futuros como un medio para la planificación de largo plazo.

This work aims to assess the proximity to the sustainability of the inhabitants of an urban community through the measurement of actions, attitudes and dispositions that, from a socio-environmental perspective, contribute to this field. The variables measured are: austerity, altruism, ecological behavior, equity and spirituality. The work, which follows an exploratory character, exposes the results obtained from a non-probabilistic sample of 653 inhabitants of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, a city with high levels of inequality and poverty in southern of Mexico. The results obtained suggest that the inhabitants of this city are not close to sustainability, with equity and austerity being the fields with the best valuation, while altruism and pro-environmental behavior are the most distant to it. The implications of these results are analyzed and discussed and research lines are projected towards the incorporation of sustainability as the axis of development in urban centers.

Se hace un análisis sobre problemas de dispersión de ondas planas que incide en un agujero negro. En este trabajo en particular, se trabaja con un agujero negro de Hayward, utilizando la ecuación de Klein-Gordon para un campo escalar sin masa y se resuelve numéricamente la ecuación diferencial obtenida para encontrar la sección eficaz diferencial.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relation between the Research and Development (R+D) variable and the generation of innovations within the organizational context, and which factors contribute to strengthening these constructs. This study was conducted through a methodology that uses the factorial analysis and a structural equations model. Findings are important for academic and practical goals due to the model’s design that explains the significative relation between R+D and innovations development at the manufacturing industry. This will contribute to those enterproises that will to be more effective in developing innovations in order to be competitive.

The aim of this investigation was to determine if there is a relationship between the sources of funding received by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and environmental activities in Ensenada, Baja California and the personnel hiring regime. This after the application of a questionnaire with quantitative and descriptive analysis. The results indicate that the sources of financing received by CSOs are not a factor that influences the choice of workers' tax regime; Likewise, it was found that CSO managers know adequately the existing tax regimes in Mexico and, finally, it was found that the most used tax regime is that of wages and salaries. With the above, it is concluded that managers of CSOs have the necessary knowledge to choose the hiring regime.