Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. 1897) is a crop that produces the most signifi cant amount of oil in the world. During the crude palm oil extraction process, tons of waste is generated, such as rachis, fi ber, and mud, that can be used for the production of organic matter and used as organic fertilizer. Thus, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the application of effi cient microorganisms (ME) in the decomposition of African palm residues (mud, fi ber, and rachis) for the compost elaboration. For the compost elaboration, six treatments were established (spines with effi cient microorganisms, spines without effi cient microorganisms, fi ber with effi cient  microorganisms, fiber without efficient microorganisms, sludge with efficient microorganisms, and sludge without efficient microorganisms), with three repetitions for each one, in a completely random design. The following variables were analyzed: pH, temperature, humidity, and the nutritional content of each compost made. Higher nutrient concentrations were found in compost made with ME sludge, determining that bacteria play an important role in decomposition with a high rate of organic degradation in composting. Keywords: biofertilizer – fiber – microorganisms – rachis – slurry

Type 2 diabetes is currently considered a worldwide epidemic. The increase in cases has been accelerated considering that in 1980 it only affected 108 million, currently approximately 500 million people suffer from the disease; the factors that condition it are diverse genetics, as well as lifestyles. This is a qualitative study based on the interpretive paradigm, through in-depth interviews, which allowed obtaining valuable information from the study population, made up of patients treated at the Antonio Lorena and Regional hospitals of Cusco, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. and that have Quechua origin. The sample is non-probabilistic for convenience, the representativeness of the discourse was sought, managing to carry out 30 interviews. From the patients’ perspective, the cause of their disease -diabetes- is mainly due to a strong emotional situation they have suffered (fright, anger, sadness) and second to the type of diet (a lot of fat, sweets, fl our). At the time of receiving the diagnosis of their disease, patients report experiencing strong emotional states such as anxiety and fear and also experiencing concerns about the course of their disease and about the situation of their family. They also indicate that during the treatment they suffer episodes of anxiety and a tendency to depression (sadness, grief. It is important for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, the most comprehensive health care. as well as regular attention to the emotional component of his illness with an intercultural approach. Keywords: type 2 diabetes – emotional state – interculturality of indigenous peoples – social representations

Collection, disposal, and environmental risks associated with waste continue to challenge many Latin American cities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the integral management of USW (Urban Solid Waste) in Latin America and to systematize the information on the generation, sweeping, selective collection, conventional collection, valuation, and fi nal disposal of USW. An exhaustive search was carried out at (1) Google Scholar, (2) ProQuest, and (3) Scopus. The scientific articles analyzed belong to the period from January 2012 to December 2019, in which information is shown regarding the integral management of USW in various Latin American countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Paraguay. 30 scientifi c documents were analyzed in which information on the integral management of USW in Latin America was found. The most studied processes are conventional collection and selective collection. Brazil and Mexico were the most studied countries and where more information is shown regarding the integral management of USW. Most of the authors chose to use the documentary review, among which we can mention scientifi c articles, bibliographic studies, and municipal reports. Regarding the waste generated by each person, Latin America has an average of 1 kg per inhabitant per day, and it would be below other countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which have a higher rate. The coverage of the adequate final disposal service in USW landfills is approximately 55% (measured as a percentage of the population), which implies that there is still a high proportion of waste in Latin America and the Caribbean that is not disposed of or explicitly treated. Keywords: Comprehensive Solid Waste Management – Latin America – Solid Waste Process– Solid Waste – Urban Solid Waste

The main objective was to determine if the nutritional status on admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) affects the child’s evolution, identifying evolution as PICU and Hospital stay, Mechanical Ventilation (MV) time, frequency of Healthcare Associated Infections (IACS) and PICU and Hospital mortality. We performed a prospective cohort study in 367 consecutive admissions to the PCU of the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, classifying the nutritional status according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. After elimination of 87 admissions, we found that 72/280 children (26%) presented MN, most with undernutrition (20%). In the bivariate analysis, only the frequency of MV use was higher in MN children (88.9% vs. 78.4%, p = 0.04). In the multivariate models, we observed that patients with MN had a lower IACS frequency (IC -3.8 - -0.2, p = 0.02), a longer ICU stay (CI 1.4 – 21.9, p = 0.02) and a longer MV time (Coef β 1.3, p <0.00). A multivariable model for MV time obtained 100% predictability, in which MN, PRISM score and presence of comorbidity and IACS were positively associated. We concluded that MN increased the stay in ICU and MV time, but it was not associated with mortality in ICU or hospital. MN, male sex, PO diagnosis and stay in the ICU were associated with the development of IACS, while the MN, the cardiovascular diagnosis and the presence of IACS prolong the stay in the ICU. The hospital stay increased with comorbidity and the use of MV. Keywords: children – intensive care – malnutrition

 The construction industry is composed of various materials whose components must play a fundamental role, such as the case of concrete, which depends mainly on the properties of cement and aggregates that make it up. However, today there is the incorporation of innovative products for its elaboration, such as molten steel. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a literature review on the effects of the use of molten steel as aggregate in concrete in order to see its mechanical properties and its behavior, being adequate to counteract the cracks that occur in this material. A review of 50 refereed and indexed articles was made. The keywords used were: use of concretes using molten steel as aggregates and molten steel fi bers. Finally, from the review, it is concluded that designs are usually obtained with biaxial behavior and multiaxial stresses instead of uniaxial stresses and high resistance capacity.  Keywords: cast steel – concrete – compressive – fl exural and compressive strength

In this time of the pandemic, experts have tried to explain different aspects related to the coronavirus without much success because each one used different meanings or addressed the population with technical language, which was often incomprehensible to the population. In this sense, the objective of this work was to develop a glossary of the most commonly used terms about the coronavirus pandemic in Peru. In addition, a bibliographic review was made in the literature referring to health, economics, and the social sciences. It is concluded that professionals, especially health professionals, should unify criteria in terms of meanings and use less technical language to positively affect their messages to the population and thus comply with prevention measures. Keywords: coronavirus – COVID-19 – glossary – information – pandemic

In higher education, completion efficiency can be measured considering the degree index determined by the completion rate and the number of graduates in a cohort. The Marine Biologist study plan at Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (UABCS) in Mexico, has been modified 11 times. One of the changes included the proposal of the subjects Research Stay and/or Production I and II starting from the 1996-I study plan, continuing up the current 2011-II plan, and adding III and IV, to direct the student toward research work production, which could turn out to be thesis writing. The objective of this work is to determine the possible relationship between Research Stay and/or Production II or III-IV and Marine Biology degree completion by thesis writing with the purpose of assessing completion time between cohorts that studied them with those previous to 1996. The work developed is longitudinal, quantitative, and descriptive. The information obtained was provided by the Office of the Director of Student Services (Dirección de Servicios Escolares), SIIA (Portal de Sistema Integral de Información Administrativa), responsible persons of Research Stay and/or Production II or III-IV programs, and by printed and digital surveys applied to graduates who had completion by thesis writing with 1996-I and 2011-II study plans. The completion efficiency of Research Stay by thesis writing was analyzed using the mean of the time taken by the generations that did not carry out Research Stay and/or Production II or III-IV (Treatment 1) compared to the mean of the time taken by the generations that completed them (Stays II: Treatment 2; Stays III-IV: Treatment 3). A greater percentage of completion rate was observed in those that maintained the thesis topic developed in the Research Stay. These courses contribute to reduce completion time for graduates that choose thesis writing in higher research educations. The average time used by the students in thesis writing in T1 was 3.9 years, 2.4 for those in T2; and 1.2 for those in T3. For the other completion options offered by the University, 50% of Master's credits (Art 73 I) and Automatic Completion by 90-grade point average with no extraordinary exams (Art 73 III), were the ones that have had the most students with completion efficiency.  Keywords: graduates – marine biologist – Mexico – role of a subject – terminal efficiency

The Practice of Field is recognized in the study of the specialty of Biology, for the importance that represents in the preparation of the professors in initial formation, in her, the principle theory settles down - practice with the characteristics of the nature and the society. This investigation responds to the necessity of perfecting the process of teaching-learning of the Practical discipline of Field and has as objective: to propose a didactic conception with a focus on ecosystemic and integrative confrontation to the climatic change, and in the function of the local development that allows a bigger development of the intellectual and practical abilities, in the basic formation and the students' professional in the career Degree in Education Biology of the University of Guantánamo. For the development of the investigation methods of summary of information were used and prosecution of these. As a result, lacks like the insufficient conception of a focus ecosystemic were obtained, integrative and confrontation to the climatic change, the absence of a basic bibliography that facilitates the students to acquire intellectual and practical abilities, in correspondence with the demands of the different programs that compose the discipline, insufficient didactic and methodological precisions of the program of the Discipline of Practice of Field to incorporate the biological culture that demands the confrontation to the climatic change, and the local development. The valuation carried out by the experts before the setting in the practice of the proposal facilitated, the recommendation of this didactic conception as a valid option to be able to develop new qualities in the process of the professor of Biology’s initial formation. Their implementation in the course 2018-2019, demonstrated the effectiveness of the keywords Key words: didactic conception – ecosystemic approach – field practice – initial training – local development

The purpose of the study was to describe the need for decision-making from the conceptualized training between Statistics and Data Science. Four elements are key in science: theory, data, methodology, and problem, because if the data is part of science then it seems wrong that there is a DataScience since no methodology from Data Science can decide, the “ideal or correct” pattern since there are multiple patterns to be understood. On the other hand, if the statistical programs are incapable of analyzing hundreds of thousands of data (it makes no sense when decisions are recognized from a random probabilistic sample and, on the contrary, not considered makes it impossible to make inferences), then the possibility of representing diversity from Statistics is limited since there is centralization in minimizing the sums of the deviations to the mean square and not understanding the diversity that Data Science performs. It is concluded that Statistics adds to reliability and validity, while Data Science allows the development of methodologies that condition the incorporation of technologies where it is difficult to unmark the barrier between Statistics and Data Science because on some occasions they are indistinct from each other and in other cases an association is shared. Therefore, mastery of data processing from Statistics and machine learning facilitated by Data Science is required for the decision, but there must be training in both fields of study. Keywords: data science – decisions – professional competence – statistics

Environmental problems have been increasingly evident and irreversible, society demands the education of the new generations to preserve the environmental legacy and face present and future demands. In the Bachelor of Education careers in the specialties of Biology, Geography, and Chemistry, it is necessary to work coherently in order to develop Environmental Education in the students of said careers. The objective of this research was: to propose an Environmental Education Strategy (EEA) for Natural Sciences careers that contributed to first-year students of the Bachelor of Education careers. Biology, geography, and Chemistry, achieve greater environmental awareness. For the development of the research, information collection methods (participatory observation, document review, survey, interview, expert criteria) and collected information processing methods (analysis - synthesis, inductive-demonstrative, logical historical, modeling, and descriptive statistics). The methods made it possible to determine the needs of the students from the cognitive, affective, and procedural points of view, with respect to the environment. The strategy was submitted to the judgment of experts, who valued it as relevant, and was implemented from the 2016-2020 academic year with favorable results. The strategy makes it possible to contribute to the development of environmental awareness in the students of the Faculty of Pedagogical Sciences of the Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba. Keywords: education – environmental – environmental awareness – natural sciences – sustainable development – strategy