Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Foreign direct investment is a financing mechanism closely related to developing economies, the problem occurs when it decreases which causes limited capital flow management. The purpose of the study was to analyze foreign direct investment using a multivariate linear regression model with ordinary least squares to determine the existing variance in the manufacturing sector of Ecuador in the period 2010-2020. The methodology used was a bibliographic research, with a quantitative approach, cross-sectional design and correlational level. The application of the model allowed to know what, if the independent variables vary negatively, will significantly affect the economic attraction of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector, so it was considered GDP, inflation, employment and country risk determinants that drive economic growth. It was concluded that foreign direct investment is closely related to the aforementioned variables, which in turn generates investment opportunities, a statement based on the execution of the econometric model where statistical and monetary data were used.

The importance of this article is based on knowing the incidence of the management audit regarding the granting of credits in the Savings and Credit Cooperative of Teachers, Employees and Workers of the Technical University of Manabí, 2020. This work was developed starting with the collection of sufficient and competent information, in order to evaluate and verify the activities and functions within the credit granting process, analyzing that the established parameters are in accordance with the provisions of the Annual Operating Plan and management indicators. The general objective was to analyze the incidence of the management audit in the granting of credits in the Savings and Credit Cooperative of Professors, Employees and Workers of the Technical University of Manabí, 2020 ". A methodology that includes field and descriptive research was applied, with a transectional and non-experimental design and a qualitative-quantitative approach. In addition to the application of research techniques such as the survey and interview in the form of questionnaires that helped to determine outstanding aspects within the credit granting processes in the cooperative. Among the main results, the great importance of managing management indicators by the cooperative stands out, which has allowed it to maintain a 0% delinquency rate and not show overdue portfolios by its members. This research details the findings, conclusions and recommendations that help correct decision making for the cooperative.

For credit unions, managing credit risk is fundamental to make decisions that allow them to have optimal delinquency levels. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the impact of credit risk management on delinquency of the Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito de los Profesores, Empleados y Trabajadores de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, period 2019-2020. The methodology applied was based on a non-experimental, descriptive and field research, through a documentary analysis of the credit portfolio and delinquency levels and a survey to the personnel who manage the credits. The results reflect a low delinquency level as of December 2019-2020 of 0.03% and 0.02%. It was concluded that the implementation of strategies in credit management allowed maintaining an acceptable level of delinquency and the results of the survey indicated a high correlation between the variables analyzed. 

Customer satisfaction is the level of a person's mood that results from comparing the perceived performance of a product or service with their expectations; The objective of this research work is to "Analyze customer service in the provision of banking services through the application of statistical tools in the Jardín Azuayo Savings and Credit Cooperative", the methodology applied in the present investigation is descriptive, with a qualitative-quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational approach and the study population are the partners, clients and users of the Jardín Azuayo Savings and Credit Cooperative; It is supported by the use of the SERVQUAL model and for the data processing the IBM SPSS V25 program is used, whose results obtained from the information collected, its weighting is SATISFACTORY with a weighted average value of 3.6308, which is perceived as the Savings Cooperative. and Crédito Jardín Azuayo are doing things well; The infrastructure, according to the graphic at first sight, does not show any problem, but in the table where the average of the means is found, it can be seen that its result is less than the weighted average 3,622 and this result is the cause of the financial systems that they work online in all banking entities are intermittent, a situation that each entity manages to overcome many times immediately, others delay in their response but in itself, it is difficult to achieve full customer satisfaction.

The presence of fishing vessels on the Ecuadorian coasts and insular region, mostly from Asian countries for the purposes of trade activities and product traffic in the bordering areas of Ecuadorian maritime waters, have generated great controversy due to their impact on maritime sovereignty and the biodiversity that to date has not been able to correct, I thought about the attempts from different ways. The proposed objective was to analyze the influence of the extension of the exclusive economic zone of Ecuador as a measure of prevention and protection for maritime sovereignty and biodiversity. Its level of scope was exploratory and descriptive, due to the low scientific production and the process of systematic description in a time line of both the scientific production and the supra and infra constitutional norm. The results show that Ecuadorian maritime sovereignty has not been violated since foreign ships are within the limits of the 200 miles assigned by UNCLOS, preventing Ecuador from filing legal proceedings against them; In addition, until 2021 Ecuador did not have a specific Law that protects the rights of the territorial Sea. It is concluded that the extension of the ZEE of Ecuador would be an important support in the prevention and protection of biodiversity and marine ecosystems, especially in the Galapagos area, being fully justified due to the rights of nature contemplated in the constitution. 

The logistic chain is the process from the procurement of raw material to be planned, implemented to be finished and to comply with all the quality characteristics in the development of two scenarios such as storage and transport. The present study aimed to study the selection process of organic bananas, which generates causes that produce the deterioration and mishandling of internal transportation to the port of shipment that causes damage to the fruit. In this way, a non-experimental and cross-sectional research was implemented through practical and field input, and an interview with the head of the company was carried out to reliably collect data on the bananas rejected in the logistics chain. Among the main findings in the collection centre of the small banana producers were: low production yields, reduced sales and a decrease in exportable supply. Other factors that affect the rejection of the fruit come from the producer's lack of knowledge of production and bad sleeving practices that cause the banana to shrink, which means a wide margin of loss in the commercialization process. As a final conclusion, it is necessary to elaborate strategies in the logistic chain that were determined as main factors in the Ishikawa diagram in order to reduce the rejected bananas in the association.

The main purpose of this article has been to interpret the new meaning of citizen participation in the formulation of public policies from the principles of governance; Based on the following specific guidelines: Identify new positions on citizen participation from the discourse of social actors, unveil the principles of governance from the institutional perspective, and contextualize the meaning of public policies based on the context of governance. The research was developed in the Provincial Government of Manabí (Ecuador), being the same the unit of study. The methodological approach has been the interpretative scientific, qualitative perspective, and inductive dimension, with a sampling intention represented by experienced researchers of the topics addressed, in which their experiences are contrasted with what was observed in the same unit of study, in addition to using the method of constant comparison to achieve the corresponding theoretical saturation. On the other hand, the research reached a level of analysis of the findings in an optimal way, thanks to the application of the technique proposed by the so-called Grounded Theory (Strauss and Corbin), in which it was possible to call a central category called Governance of public policies, which can be considered as a contribution to the established line of research; The hermeneutic method contributed in this approach to theorizing on the topics addressed: citizen participation, governance and public policies and their corresponding linkage in the context in which the research was developed, and will be very useful to the unit of study. 

In this scientific article, a study has been carried out on the need to implement specialized courts in constitutional matters in the Ecuadorian State, in order to avoid the violation of the right to effective judicial protection and the principle of specialty enshrined in our legal regulations, due to the fact that jurisdictional guarantees, such as rights protection mechanisms, are activated only before any first instance judge of the place where the act or omission originates or where its effects are produced; Being this of any matter in accordance with the provisions of article 7 of the Organic Law of Jurisdictional Guarantees and Constitutional Control, this study was carried out through the compilation of bibliographic and jurisprudential information with the objective of publicizing the scope and core essential of the right to effective judicial protection and how important is the existence of judges specialized in constitutional matters through the creation of these courts. Keywords: specialized courts, effective judicial protection, principle of specialty, jurisdictional guarantees, judges