Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Señor Editor. Durante las últimas décadas, el mundo se ha visto enfrentado a una serie de virus emergentes y re-emergentes como el Ébola, la Influenza y los diferentes Coronavirus1,2. Los coronavirus de mayor importancia clínica para los humanos se encuentran incluidos en la familia coronaviridae, especialmente aquellos del género betacoronavirus, en los cuales se incluye el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-1), del síndrome respiratorio del medio oriente (MERS-CoV) y, actualmente, el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2)1,2.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus embraces a wide variety of dermatological manifestations not necessarily linked to systemic disease. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, however it is believed to be an interaction between molecular, genetic and environmental factors such as ultraviolet light which is an important triggering factor. The sintomatology may be specific for lupus or inespecific. The specific lesions include: acute, subacute, chronic and intermittent lupus erythematosus. These are divided according to clinical manifestations, evolution, histological and laboratory findings. The treatment includes the non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy, emphasizing patient education regarding photoprotection and administration of topical or systemic treatment.

Objective: To relate food consumption according to glycemic index and glycemic load with the percentage of body fat in women between 20 and 59 years of age in the Guacima de Alajuela in 2020. Methodology: Non-experimental, cross-sectional study, type descriptive and correlational. It is carried out with 100 women from 20 to 59 years of age from the Guacima de Alajuela. For dietary evaluation, a frequency of food consumption is used and anthropometric measurements are taken to assess BMI, percentage of body fat and cardiovascular risk. Results: 73% of women present high percentages of body fat. Most women have a daily food intake of high glycemic load (59%) and a moderate glycemic index (62%), their consumption represented mostly by women with a high percentage of body fat. The three most consumed foods daily are white rice, table sugar and beans, mostly consumed by women with percentages of body fat above the appropriate range. Conclusion: There is an association between daily food consumption according to glycemic load and the percentage of body fat, but no association is found according to the glycemic index, therefore, maintaining high glycemic load diets may contribute to high percentages of body fat.

Objective: To determine the behavior of mortality and disease burden in 45 years (1970-2014). Methodology: From the INEC and CCP databases, deaths were extracted by sex, age groups, provinces, and regions of the country; crude and standardized rates were calculated. The percentage relationship of deaths from HT with mortality from cardiovascular diseases was determined. All the information was processed with STATA 14. Results: The mortality curve shows a little change in the first 15 years, then a continued rise in both sexes until 2005-2009, as of 2009, rates begin to decline. The rates by age groups and adjusted mortality for the group between 35 and 74 years old reveal the same trend, in the latter case, for the total, there is an increasing trend (p = 0.04), the same in men (p = 0.01 ), not so for women (p = 0.45), this trend reverts in the last five years. The provinces with the highest rates are Guanacaste, Limón and, San José; and the lowest: Cartago and Heredia. The rates show an increase until 2005-2009, after which they all decrease, the same happens in the country as a whole. The percentage relationship with cardiovascular mortality varied between 3.3% in 1990 and 15.26% in 2008. Conclusion: There is an increase in mortality rates from 1970-74 to the period 2005-2009, after which they begin to decline, even until 2016.

Señor Editor. La organización mundial de la salud define el Covid-19 como una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el coronavirus, que ha sido descubierto recientemente y el cual fue notificado por primera vez en Wuhan, China el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Fue declarada pandemia en marzo de 2020.  Actualizado al 10 de agosto de 2020, según Johns Hopkins University(1) el número de casos confirmados de COVID-19 a nivel mundial superan los 20 millones, con un total de 733.897 muertes. Siendo Estados Unidos el país que reporta mayor número de contagios con un total de 5.085.821 (un 25,4 % del total), seguido de Brasil con 3.057.470 (15,2 %); y por debajo de este se encuentra la India con 2.215.074 (11 %), Rusia con 890.799 (4,4 %) y Sudáfrica con 563.598 (2,8 %).

Señor Editor. Con la propagación del COVID-19 el mundo está en crisis. La acepción de crisis en diferentes campos de la vida se relaciona con patología o enfermedad, pero cuando hablamos desde la psicología el concepto tiende a ser más que positivo, pues se infiere la posibilidad de un cambio. El mundo cambió y ese cambio implica en muchísimas personas el incremento en sus niveles de ansiedad y estrés, sobre todo, si al aislamiento y cambio de rutinas, le sumamos el miedo -ya no imaginario- de enfermar gravemente o de perder el trabajo. El propio Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja ya ha mostrado su preocupación considerando que “muchas personas ya están experimentando un gran estrés psicológico” (1).

Señor Editor. Actualmente el mundo experimenta la pandemia más importante de los últimos años, causada por el virus del SARS-CoV-2, responsable de causar miles de muertes y afectar a más de 4 millones de personas (1). Se ha observado que, quienes padecen enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, malnutrición y los adultos mayores, tienen mayor riesgo de complicaciones y mortalidad.  

This work is part of the project “Determining factors in the reading habits of Secondary Education students. A study from the variables of the educational context” (PR2017040), financed by the Own Research Plan of the University of Cadiz. The main objective of the study is focused on analyzing those determining factors that affect the formation of new readers in the school in a global and integrating way. Taking as a reference the idea of the ecosystem or ecological environment of Bronfenbrenner (2001), an analogy is made with the educational system and the agents that intervene in the reading habits of adolescents in their educational stage of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO). These approaches were used to review a Questionnaire on Reading Habits, which the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport presented in an ambitious Plan to Promote Reading in 2001 and to adapt it to the needs of the PR2017040 Project. The conclusions illustrate that this complex issue of reading habits cannot be studied with a questionnaire as the only research instrument, since it is necessary to give voice to the different agents that participate in the process and, therefore, agree with Molina et al. (2011) in proposing the design research model to understand and improve the educational reality through the consideration of natural contexts in all their complexity.

The present work tries to echo how the communicative metamorphoses occurred in the last years, inferring in the reading habits and in the consumption of information in a general way and more specifically in adolescents. The analysis will start from the report prepared by the writers’ guild 2018 (2019), since it allows us to monitor the state of reading habits and book purchases in a generalized way in Spain. Then, apply what has been poured out to young people extensively and, finally, materializing by extrapolating all the data analyzed to the geographical area of Cádiz adolescents and their position in relation to the rest of Spanish adolescents. Gender variables will also be taken into account in a very special way, to see if there is a certain preference depending on the sex of the reader in the choice of medium (digital or analogue) and if within the digital medium there are discrepancies in the type of text read. We will also check whether digital reading by young people is reduced exclusively to short texts and whether this choice can be derived from the very nature of digital. In the same way, we will pay special attention to the preferences of analogical reading versus digital reading, when we talk about long texts, again due to the personal nature of paper reading. We will analyze the reading frequency of the different digital media, as well as the choice of other shorter texts, categorized within the taxonomy of digital reading. Finally, we will take into account what types of readers with respect to reading frequency become from digital media. The idea is to draw up a panorama that shows how reading occurs among adolescents in the digital world, by definition, closer to their thoughts and feelings.

La comprensión textual es una de las tareas sociocognitivas más complejas y una habilidad fundamental en nuestra sociedad actual (Parodi, 2005), en particular, en las comunidades de práctica académicas y profesionales (Hyland, 2012), donde la lectura se transforma en una vía de acceso, adquisición, construcción del conocimiento e incorporación a comunidades específicas (Wineburg, 1998; Yore, Bisanz y Hand, 2003). El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en el proceso de comprensión de textos académicos y disciplinares. Para esto se analizan las propuestas y modelos teóricos sobre la comprensión del discurso especializado, tales como Kintsch (1998), la Escuela Lingüística de Valparaíso (Parodi, 2005; 2011; 2014; Ibáñez, 2007b; 2008; Parodi, Peronard & Ibáñez, 2010), McNamara (2004), McNamara & Kintsch (1996), Goldman, Braasch, Wiley,  Graesser y Brodowinska (2012). Con ello, se espera contribuir a la conformación de un estado de la cuestión para entender qué significa comprender textos en las disciplinas y dar cuenta de su procesamiento.