Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The educational community of New York City is subject to multiple threats. One of the most obvious dangers that drives negative impact directly on the safety of students of all levels is bullying. Any act of violence that a person infringes on another whether intentionally and repeatedly is bullying. In recent years, New York City has witnessed hundreds of cases of bullying, where both the bullied and bullies are victims of this vicious circle of violence, whether physical, verbal or through social media. The different types of aggressive behavior are complex, and their effects are long-lasting in the lives of those affected. This research paper aims to analyze the causes and consequences of bullying, as well as the impact of its effects over the years. In addition, this project seeks to make some relevant recommendations to reduce bullying levels in local public schools.

The philosophical discussion that encompasses the democracy of the 21st century encompasses a deeper collective meaning than what the word refers to in its singular definition. Democracy is a popular doctrine / political system / form of government where the people choose. And it is in the election where approaches to an idea that tries to be collective are generated.This article uses the feeling of empathy as a unifying feature between democracy and its search for collective awareness. In its definition, empathy is a feeling of solidarity towards a person or group (Rae, 2019). Empathy observes the relationships of the human being, is linked in communities, invests in generating the city for the common good and is an unconscious part of the development of civilization (Rifkin J. 2010). Another important concept to highlight is the space, in which the situational or in-situ development is generated. The space delimits the territory and in it the history, its culture and the time together with the sensations converge. The space acquires conditions based on needs, manifests itself as a result of these (Rifkin J. 2010) and allows, as producers resulting from experience, to recognize the place where collective development takes actions. In this article, space and place go hand in hand, being the commitment that defines the experience in geographical terms.The following paragraphs are intended to go the one way (Piglia G. 2015) towards the understanding of democracy in a century where human values seek to be equated with spiritual transcendence and where feelings are active emotions that play in the community. Spaces where you can recognize your own and others questioners within a possible spectrum; where both parties are heard, disseminated without appropriation and linked as options. Is it possible to recognize the truth of the other as your own? Can the citizen of the XXI century observe relating fundamental values such as solidarity, honesty and listening, and define them as progressive actions for the development of society?

Education in the XXI century is seen as the cornerstone of society which is fulfilled as part of the public policies of the State in a democratic government system. This research seeks to investigate the notion of democracy in the 21st century in order to describe the existing relationship between democracy and compliance with public policies according to other researchers. Likewise, the importance of education as public policy in the 21st century will be understood. The central teleological axis is to generate a hermeneutical perspective on education as a public policy of democracy in the XXI century. The methodological foundation was carried out from the postpositivist paradigm with a qualitative approach under the documentary research technique and information processing through content analysis. The reflections that arose from the hermeneutical perspective of the discourse of other social actors allowed to reveal that education is an essential human right for the sustainable development of the countries, it is also considered a public policy that guarantees the sense of democracy.

The adoption of emerging technologies and the creation of physical models using augmented reality technologies is currently an alternative to teaching-learning processes. This work presents the distinctive characteristics of AR, its perception of use, as well as the different educational settings and levels in which its use provides us with interesting experiences. The RAFODIUN Project is exposed, a R+D+I research project funded within the framework of the State Plan for the Promotion of Scientific and Technical Research of Excellence 2013-2016, with reference EDU2014-57446-P of the University of Seville, where the different phases and results of the study are provided, as well as the possibilities that, from the point of view of the investigation, are opened with its use.

Education is a factor linked to poverty and to the construction of full citizenship. Its current meaning is different in geometric terms from the one it had in the Industrial Revolution. The classical doctrine reduces the concept to the ownership of political or civic rights, that is, participation in sovereignty as an elector or eligible through elections, consultations (referendum or plebiscite) or other means. It is in this context that access to justice or effective judicial protection reaches its value and importance, a legal principle of general scope, whose meaning is the equal possibility to exercise rights or resolve conflicts through justice. Thus, I conclude that access to justice is the most expeditious way to build full citizenship and social reconciliation.

This essay deals with the evolution of political institutions in human civilization, presenting the evolution of «political power» evolving from the Neolithic Revolution to the present day, following these milestones: the archaic thought of theocracy as the original foundation of legitimacy of authority, passing to the Hellenic «exception» with its non-theocratic democracy, and on to the Augustinian conception of the relative autonomy of the city of men from the city of God, which is a prelude to the secular society of modernity, established in the Peace of Westphalia. We address the consolidation of nineteenth-century liberalism and the conservative-authoritarian reaction of the twentieth century, which is consolidated in the loss of credibility of democratic institutions in the emergence of the Covid-19 Pandemic. We review some current thinkers and establish an uncertain future that depends on the institutional reconversions carried out in the post-pandemic stage, based on a Decalogue by Sartori.

The source of knowledge from an industry based on risks (aerospace) to another leading the production of habitable terrestrial places is necessary to illustrate the democratic function of architecture. Consequently, the purpose of this article is to determine how that dynamic is the liberating action of the profession through analyzing the concepts of Authenticity, Polychromy, Precision, Responsivity and Habitability (seminal aerospace strategies) applied to architectural planning. As a result, it was discovered the Originary Principles, intangible elements (information) and tangible ones (shapers) that establish architecture as one of the fields able to expand intellectual freedom.

La función sociocultural de la arquitectura suele estar vinculada a los contenidos que se pueden codificar y expresar en su envolvente. Estos elementos son percibidos por las distintos grupos sociales desde el espacio público, que es donde se producen los procesos de construcción de la memoria colectiva, la imagen de la ciudad y los escenarios urbanos. El caso de la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo no escapa a esta realidad. Aunque ocupa algo menos del 1% del territorio de la capital dominicana, este singular centro histórico mantiente una vitalidad cultural sobresaliente debido a las relaciones que se establecen entre su arquitectura y el espacio urbano que la contiene.  El presente artículo procura analizar las relaciones existentes entre algunas de las más relevantes piezas de la arquitectura que define el emblemático espacio urbano del Parque Colón, antigua Plaza Mayor, de la Ciudad Colonial de Santo Domingo. Además, se presentan algunos de los cambios manifestados en su proceso evolutivo como espacio de actuación cultural colectiva y evidencias de la permanencia de usos ancestrales que conviven con la potencia de una dinámica social cambiante, que ha recibido los influjos de algunas de las diversas expresiones culturales que han incidido en la configuración de la dominicanidad.

This document has been elaborated from a hermeneutic research process focused on the critical-constructive reading of different publications referred to the role that universities can play to overcome the impact of the pandemic in education. As a way of containing the expansion of Covid-19, conventional educational institutions assumed the distance modality without the educational actors being aware of the theory-practice of this modality. More than two years have passed and it is necessary to leave the contingency modality to access the planning modality. This presupposes the training of a teacher who, through his or her performance, demonstrates the efficiency and relevance of Distance Education (DE). Consequently, it is proposed that the universities responsible for the qualification of teaching professionals build and develop a curricular reform.  

The main objective of this article is to reflect on the teaching work during the COVID-19 health crisis and its transition to virtuality, in the different courses of the Faculty of Arts and the Postgraduate in Arts of the University of Costa Rica, through the development of the situation of virtual teaching in the School of Plastic Arts until December 2019; then, on the national and university provisions that accompanied the arrival of the health crisis; the challenges that virtual teaching brought with it and the first responses from teaching; the problems, obstacles and difficulties caused by both the pandemic and virtual education. Finally, we will present the different institutional initiatives to support virtualization and to overcome some of its drawbacks, in order to recognize the positive and negative aspects of our teaching experience in virtual teaching, during the COVID-19 pandemic.