Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article describes a series of causes for which Venezuelans leave their country, due to the deep multidimensional crisis, which for the most part would be expulsion factors (García, 2017) in a process that would be characterized as forced migration, from the perspective of Márquez and Delgado (2014), which is correlated with the recognition of refugee status, taking as reference the Geneva Convention of 1951 and the Declaration of Cartagena of 1984. In this way, through an investigation qualitative study, in which six discussion groups were held in the border city of Cúcuta in Colombia, with a highly vulnerable Venezuelan migrant population, intending to remain in the country and who received the support of the Scalabrinian Mission, it was possible to identify in their speeches four main causes of the departure from Venezuela that coincide with the causes of forced migration and that would also characterize them as refugees, while do these: hunger and malnutrition; crisis and political blindness; violence; and loss of value of money and income. These aspects are some of those that push people to flee Venezuela in search of better living conditions

The objective of this article is to identify the position of foreign women in Mexico, and to know the reasons why they decided to emigrate from their country, to join a new social and community dynamic. Based on the ways of living as a foreign woman in Mexico, two main categories are developed: education and work. Some results of the research carried out in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, with foreign women from Central America, South America and the Caribbean are presented, which began through a more extensive investigation called “The insertion of Central American migrant children in the educational system Mexican” that included an in-depth analysis of immigrant families in Mexico. A series of in-depth interviews were carried out, of which testimonies are retaken, making a comparative study between two women who studied a bachelor’s degree in their country of origin and two who only attended basic education. This article tries to show how foreign women share the same feeling, despite their differences, since it is precisely otherness that brings them together.

In this work we offer a human perspective on migration, particularly with what it has to do with the Jewish people. We analyze history and movements that have emerged over the centuries. The case of the Dominican Republic is unique. It is a country in which there are no acts of recurrent anti-Semitism and if there is a great tolerance for religious freedom. A probable cause has to do with the genesis of the Republic after the Haitian occupation, which assuming the French values of the moment, granted total freedom of worship. On the other hand, the phenomenon of interreligious “fusion” in the Dominican Republic is also very particular. Since the very foundation of the Republic in 1844 people of different religions have come together and change as they integrate into national life. Of course, in a predominantly Catholic country, the trend has been families within that religion. However, in the case of The Jews, pride in their roots and admiration for the people of Israel have always been preserved.

The state and characteristics of Migration, in a World increasingly influenced by globalizing effects, makes us reflect on the opportunities and challenges that migratory movements pose to us. Each time, there is an increase in the number of migrants, with modalities and operational mode, which intensifies, with the support of different social networks. This situation is exacerbated, due to the global health crisis, represented by the COVID -19 virus, as well as due to the new migratory flows linked to human displacement for socio-economic reasons, serious human rights violations and also, as result of the effects of climate change.

Los arrecifes coralinos se consideran ecosistemas análogos a los bosques lluviosos, en términos de biodiversidad y variedad de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos que proveen. La pérdida acelerada de áreas coralinas a escala global es conocida como la crisis de los arrecifes, la cual es particularmente tangible en el Caribe. Aunque se sabe que la combinación de factores globales y locales son las causas del declive del estado de salud de los arrecifes, la importancia relativa e identidad de cada uno de estos factores puede ser diferente entre geografías. En la República Dominicana, los arrecifes coralinos son de gran importancia debido a su valor ecológico y económico. Al igual que otras islas del Caribe, los arrecifes en República Dominicana se han visto afectados por la crisis global, y en muchos casos se ha reportado su deterioro. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar los factores globales y locales que han impactado la salud de los arrecifes dominicanos en las últimas décadas, así como puntualizar las acciones que se han llevado a cabo en el país para avanzar en la conservación de estos ecosistemas. En las últimas décadas, docenas de estudios de salud arrecifal han identificado las principales amenazas para los arrecifes de la isla. Los resultados muestran que los eventos masivos de blanqueamiento a causa de estrés térmico por calentamiento de las masas de agua, la ocurrencia de huracanes y eventos epizoóticos de enfermedades coralinas, han disminuido la cobertura de coral vivo. La sobrepesca es un problema serio, especialmente la extracción de peces herbívoros. Asimismo, el desarrollo costero acelerado, la deforestación de bosques de manglar, la intervención de cuencas y la entrada crónica de nutrientes, son factores que combinados pueden explicar el reemplazo de arrecifes dominados por corales y la transición hacia arrecifes dominados por algas. Si bien la reducción de los impactos globales escapa de las estrategias de implementación local, el desarrollo de planes de manejo integrado de costas y estrategias mancomunadas para reducir la presión de la pesca, aunado con la educación ambiental, pueden ofrecer una solución a mediano plazo para conservar los arrecifes de coral en la República Dominicana.

Migratory flows from one country to another and from less developed areas to areas that offer the potential for a better quality of life, have always existed due to the intrinsic need of human beings to satisfy, at least, a series of basic requirements such as they are water, food, work and health services. This article introduces a methodology that allows us to analyze the origin of migratory flows and the way in which they can influence the economic, political and social development of a country. Within the context of the pull and push theory, the methodology qualitatively analyzes a series of historical events that have served as an accelerator or retarder of Haitian migratory flows to the Dominican Republic. In the second part, it introduces a quantitative analysis that makes it possible to compare —in a simple way— a group of nations in order to understand their economies, fragilities, social disparities and governance; establish the position of the Dominican Republic and Haiti vis-à-vis them; and determine if there is a force of attraction or push between these two nations in terms of migration. In the same way, the advantages or disadvantages that a continuation of the Haitian immigration flows to the country may bring are examined, and what would happen if the economic, political and governance systems of both nations were to merge into one. The list of countries to be examined includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay. The article ends by making a number of observations based on the information collected and the results of the analyzed data.

The constant politization (and polarization) of certain issues between Dominican Republic and Haiti has turned some differences into irreconcilable contentions on both sides of the island. In the Dominican side, confrontations have escalated at least two times to reprehensible proportions, namely during the Massacre of 1937 and the Constitutional Court Judgement 168/13; the former saw the extermination of at least 20,000 Haitian and Haitian-descent people in bordering communities in the Dominican Republic, and the latter meant the official deprivation of nationality of hundreds of thousands of Dominican-born of Haitian-descent individuals. The denationalization of Haitian-descent persons was mitigated by the fact that the Dominican President Danilo Medina passed a Naturalization Law and started a National Plan of Regularization. Taking Dominican Republic as a case study to explore the relation between denationalization and statelessness with refuge condition, we arrived at the conclusion that deprivation of nationality and statelessness do not always amount to persecution by the state, except for cases that resulted in expulsions from the “country of former habitual residence”. Two specific points informed this conclusion: first, the act of denationalization and expulsion seems to have been based on reasons of race and (former) national origin; and the fact that people who were forcefully removed from the Dominican Republic will not be able to legally return to their country of birth without facing state persecution, as the Dominican government does not recognize these people as nationals. We hope these findings will benefit (certain) asylum seekers better argue their right to shelter in different countries of first entry where cases are still pending

Fishing for ornamental purposes began in the Dominican Republic in the 1980s. The country is consolidated as a medium exporter of marine species destined for the recreational aquarium trade, exporting to 8 countries on three continents. The most important impacts on coral reefs are described and how this activity is carried out in the country is detailed. The most important species and export rates for 2016-2019 are listed. A total of 162 species distributed between invertebrates and fish are exported annually. Of this total, 43 families of fish are used, Serranidae being the one with the largest number of species caught. Crustaceans constitute the group of invertebrates most in demand, with Pagurites cadenati at the head of exports. Finally, it is recommended to continue with the Ordering Resolution for the Fishing of Marine Organisms of Ornamental Interest to establish catch levels and preservation of the species caught.

Based on some considerations on travel literatures, protected writings and testimonial narratives, the article analyzes from a critical perspective El viaje de Kalilu, a book published in 2009 that narrates in first person the journey of Kalilu Jammeh from Serekunda, Gambia, to the coasts of Spain. The objective is to point out some tensions that exist in the work, especially those related to the writing of the book, the message it transmits and the recipients. It is a testimony that matters and also impacts because of the descriptions it contains about clandestine migration in Africa, travel conditions, the functioning and organization of human smuggling networks, routes, geography, ethnic groups and their linguistic and intercultural interactions, the survival strategies of migrants, the treatment they receive, among other things. The main hypothesis is that the book has a double purpose: on the one hand, to dissuade Africans who seek to migrate to Europe clandestinely; on the other, to sensitize and raise awareness among European readers about the tragedy of this type of migration. From this double purpose a discussion emerges about who are its true recipients and the reception of the work among different audiences 

Las plantaciones azucareras jugaron un papel determinante en la historia del Caribe, ejerciendo una gran influencia en su desarrollo económico, social y geográficoespacial, sobre todo a principios del siglo XX. En ellas se plasmó la visión que del Caribe tenían los imperios colonialistas, contribuyendo, probablemente, como base para la construcción del Caribe actual y su proceso de criollización. En las plantaciones agrícolas o centrales azucareras que se diseminaron por todo el Caribe, no sólo el hispánico, subyace esa visión. Autores de la talla de Frank Moya Pons, en su libro Historia del Caribe, consideran que, ni el desarrollo del capitalismo mundial, ni la independencia de los Estados Unidos, podrían entenderse completamente sin el papel que jugaron las plantaciones azucareras caribeñas.Desde otra óptica, los arquitectos dominicanos Risoris Silvestre en su ensayo Las viviendas de un proceso industrial y Eugenio Pérez Montás, en el libro de su coautoría Historias para la construcción de la arquitectura dominicana, coinciden, en que la población tomó los nuevos elementos importados y supieron interpretarlos y manejarlos, demostrando una forma muy particular de expresión, perfectamente adaptada a nuestro clima. Mientras para Risoris Silvestre “Estas soluciones fueron copiadas y agregadas a nuestra arquitectura vernácula en todos los pueblos del interior”; para Pérez Montás fue una manera en que “Crecieron poco a poco las antiguas ciudades y se desbordaron por los nuevos ensanches que modificaron las antiguas morfologías”.