Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

One of the objectives of Educational Guidance is the social development and learning of Secondary School students who are in multicultural contexts. The increase in socio-emotional skills is promoted through the interventions of the Guidance Program. Not only does it improve the learning process and academic performance of students, but it also favors their social and school integration, thus exercising a preventive function against future school failure and other risk factors, such as absenteeism, school dropout or violence (bullying). The broad cultural diversity that characterizes our Educational System requires the identification of socio-emotional skills that are positively related to ideal learning and better socio-educational adaptation of secondary school students who find themselves in multicultural contexts, as well as the identification of existing cultural differences in the process of teaching and learning these skills. There is also a need for guidance and training programs in socio-emotional skills that are scientifically validated, as they are an adequate way to improve the learning and socio-educational adjustment of Secondary School students.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of performance of the World Trade Organization in the second decade of the twenty first century, as a multilateral institutionalized cooperation mechanism. While academic literature has emphasized the ‘crisis’ and deficits of this Organization in this work we argue in favor of a perspective that acknowledges a complete assessment of the processes that take place in this area of International Relations. Thus we propose to conceptualize the performance of the WTO from the perspective of multilateralism, identifying a triple process where there are elements of weakening, but also power disputes and pragmatism. The paper presents evidence to support how these three features of multilateralism at the international trade regime affect the main functions of the WTO: legislative, administrative and dispute resolution. The findings reaffirm the relevance of a non-binary approach to multilateralism that goes beyond the notion of crisis/non-crisis; and advance in the recognition of a more complex conceptualization of multilateralism as an expression of international order. In addition, the results encourage the specific research on the participation and influence dynamics of the actors with less relative power, that become visible in this broaden narrative of the WTO functioning.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is an essential topic for business research and development policies. By reviewing previous literature and macroeconomic data, and following a deductive method, this study explains MSMEs' contribution to national development, that is, a positive effect in terms of employment, regional economies, technological innovation, andincome distribution. In addition, we focus on Chinese MSMEs' internationalization and competitive advantages in Latin American markets as a natural extension of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Additionally, we explain the essential role of the Belt and Road Initiative in Chinese companies’ internationalization, particularly in building a platform for MSMEs operations in Latin America and the Caribbean. After conclusions we suggest further research directions.

This paper studies the effects of a monetary policy shock on the industry’s profitability through publicly traded firms in Peru. I use a monetary policy shock that controls the possible endogeneity between the monetary policy with the economic activity and the Central Bank’s anticipation of economic events. I use two profitability measures: ROA and Net Profits. The methodology is Local Projections (LP) because it allows for control of the persistence of monetary policy shocks; in case of biases, it is usually smaller than the traditional methodologies used, such as vector autoregressive (VAR), and because Local Projection is parsimonious. The results I find are heterogeneous and differentiated in terms of quantification and persistence for those dependent variables through industries. These results suggest the existence of a strong credit channel in the transmission mechanism of a monetary policy shock.

This article analyzes the background rule used by the Colombian Constitutional Court when it mentions and operates the World Trade Organization (WTO) sources in its rulings. We examined in the light of two conceptual frameworks: "the Synthesis of the 20th Century" and the "fundamental rules that condition the resolution of a case." To do this, through the jurisprudential review methodology, we analyzed 60 constitutionality rulings handed down by the Colombian Constitutional Court between 1995 and 2022, in which there was a direct mention of the WTO. Within this search, we found that of the 60 rulings, only 19 mention the WTO in their central reasoning or use some of its sources or regulatory considerations to support the decisions made. In our findings, we find that the mention of the WTO is used by the Court to justify and constitutionally support the free market that, under the premise of an absence of exercises of power, is understood as an economic project that promotes and strengthens social and economic development of the States.

Previously, a series of determinants of the sanitary and phytosanitary regulatory activity have been identified, such as scientific and legal capacities, national production, among others. Although the main determinants are oriented towards regulatory matters, it is not possible to discard that sanitary and phytosanitary measures are used as barriers to trade. In the case of Peru, being one of the WTO Members that has issued a major number of notifications, the underlying factors related to this kind of measure have not been previously analyzed. In this sense, through Probit and Logit models, it has been possible to identify the factors that affect the probability of Peruvian sanitary and phytosanitary notifications. The results indicate that, contrary to what was expected, in the Peruvian case, the increase in scientific and legal capacities would generate fewer sanitary measures. This would suggest that this country applies more measures than necessary, that could be used as barriers to trade.

Overview of global activity regarding the conduct of safeguard investigations and the imposition or extension of safeguard measures during the year 2022, in light of notifications made by WTO members in that year.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los problemas ergonómicos existentes en el puesto de trabajo del personal administrativo y de dependencia de planta central en el contexto universitario. Se tipificó como descriptiva, de campo, transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 129 administrativos de las diferentes dependencias universitaria, se aplicó el cuestionario Nórdico para detectar problemas de manera oportuna, del total de administrativos estudiados el 61,5 es de sexo femenino, la edad más prevalente es de 41 a 50 años, el mayor porcentaje de síntomas músculo esqueléticos fueron identificados en las zonas de región cervical, lumbar, dorsal, rodillas, hombros, muñecas-manos, molestias o dolor que se acentúan en las actividades dentro y fuera del hogar. En conclusión por ser personal con funciones administrativo que pasa la jornada laboral en un escritorio están expuestas a riesgos ergonómicos de mediano y largo plazo que podría limitar su calidad de vida.

El abdomen agudo se define como el conjunto de signos y síntomas que se agrupan en síndromes, que tienen como característica fundamental la presencia de dolor abdominal y que generalmente requieren tratamiento quirúrgico para solucionarlos y para evitar graves complicaciones que pueden terminar con la muerte. El dolor suele acompañarse de signos de irritación peritoneal dados por contractura o rigidez de la musculatura abdominal, aumento de la sensibilidad abdominal con o sin signo de rebote positivo, distensión abdominal, imposibilidad para la marcha, entre otros. Además, suele presentarse con síntomas como náuseas, vómitos y fiebre.El diagnóstico de abdomen agudo se realiza por las manifestaciones clínicas y se sustenta en estudios diagnósticos imagenológicos tales como ecografía abdominal, rayos x simples de abdomen en 3 vistas, tomografía axial computarizada (TAC), así como resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN), lo cuales son de indudable valor para confirmar el diagnóstico de abdomen agudo.Cada examen imagenológico tiene su interpretación diagnóstica y los hallazgos positivos estarán de acuerdo con los síndromes que conforman el abdomen agudo. La aplicación de ellos es vital para el diagnóstico y en algunos casos se utilizan con fines terapéuticos; además, son de gran importancia para detectar complicaciones y establecer el diagnóstico diferencial con otras afecciones.La aplicación de medios diagnósticos radiológicos tiene un rol fundamental en el diagnóstico de abdomen agudo, de conjunto con la evaluación multidisciplinaria, el resultado del interrogatorio que permite conocer los síntomas del paciente y el examen físico detallado.

La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) ocurre debido a la presencia de microorganismos perjudiciales en el sistema urinario. La incidencia en recién nacidos prematuros es de 2, 9% y en niños nacidos a término 0, 7%. Esta entidad predomina en la edad preescolar y el sexo femenino. Desde el punto de fisiopatológico, se cree que los agentes bacterianos procedentes del tracto gastrointestinal colonizan el tracto urinario desde la uretra, vejiga y uréteres hasta el riñón por diferentes mecanismos. Un factor de riesgo importante, y que hay que descartar cuando las ITU son recurrentes, son las malformaciones del tracto urinario. En la mayoría de los niños pequeños no aparecen síntomas específicos y el examen físico es de poco valor. Los niños menores de dos años suelen presentar déficit de peso, anemia y trastornos en el crecimiento, así como problemas alimentarios, vómitos, diarreas y fiebre. Los niños de dos a cinco años, por su parte presentan con frecuencia fiebre y dolor abdominal. Después de los cinco años el cuadro clínico se asemeja al del adulto: aparece fiebre, disuria, urgencia miccional y dolor lumbar unilateral o bilateral. La intervención médica en la ITU está encaminada al diagnóstico precoz, la prevención de la enfermedad renal progresiva y una terapéutica antibiótica adecuada. El retraso terapéutico incrementa el riesgo de daño renal en niños con repercusión en la vida adulta.