Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The elements of the Criminal Law applied to minors accused, investigated, prosecuted and sentenced for the commission of a crime, scope of subjective application, adjective, process and sanctioning measures, varies from one country to another, that is why the Organization of the United Nations, through the Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Crime and the Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of Liberty Minimum principles, the Mexican State since the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child began the path towards the protection of the Human Rights of minors (adolescents)

The United Nations Mission for Western Sahara (MINURSO ) was the most ambitious peacekeeping operation at the time of its creation in 1990. This paper explores the precedents that inspired this Mission, and then examines its normative frame, its missions and structure. Then, the paper analyses the Mission from the language, nationality and gender perspectives. Finally, we dare to judge the successes and failures experienced as well as the advisable changes in its mandate.

Donald Trump has based his Foreign Policy in the area of international trade on two main objectives. The first one seeks to promote “fair trade” in order to bring down trade deficits, restore reciprocity and balance in the trade relations of the United States with its trading partners and defend American commercial interests against and/or beyond other countries interests. On the second place, Trump´s Foreign Policy intends to stop the de-location of productive activities from the United States and create new jobs to foster a strong and growing domestic economy. The concrete fulfilment of these objectives have shaken deeply the most central foundations of International Trade Law: a normative system build after the Second World War to give legal basis and regulate the economic relations between states in the new international liberal order. In the first place, Trump´s Foreign Policy´s neo-protectionism represents a frontal attack on free trade, as a dominant paradigm of International Trade Law. In the second place, the avowed bilateralism of this Policy is the exact opposite of the multilateralism, promoted by the norms and institutions of International Trade Law. Both neo-protectionism and bilateralism manifest a broader crisis of States’ cooperation in the Post-World War II international liberal order.

The United States of America was the main promoter of multilateralism and the development of international law in the 20th century, the example par excellence was the establishment of the United Nations System. However, Donald Trump’s arrival to the presidency has revealed some challenges for the multilateral sphere in key aspects. Although recent foreign policy actions of his administration have tested the global governance system, it has been demonstrated that multilateral action is still the best way to face the greatest problems of humanity. To address these challenges, various international agenda topics and norms might prove their resiliency to face the distance of the USA towards the system it was the architect of.

The arrival of Donald Trump to the presidency of the USA involved many changes in different areas, however with respect to the regulation of foreign investment this followed the same objective and guidelines that have characterized it since it defined its model of bilateral investment treaty, decades ago. The central priority of the regulation of foreign investment is the protection of their companies in the countries where they are installed, mainly when they are underdeveloped.

The Nuclear Agreement signed with Iran was one of the main achievements of the Obama administration and guaranteed the non-production of nuclear weapons in Iran for at least 15 years. However, in May, 2018 President Donald Trump decided to denounce the Nuclear Agreement as a unilateral decision and to reimpose sanctions on Iran, which also involves economic relations with third countries. This decision reflects his style of foreign policy, but also its global reach in foreign affairs issues. These both topics will be analyze in the content of the present article.

The US -Mexico bilateral relation has always been contradictory: on one hand, official rhetoric handles a confrontational discourse, while reality, on the other, shows that permanent cooperation is the rule. With the arrival of two presidents who define themselves as “anti-establishment”, such as Donald Trump and Andrés Manuel López Obrador, this article analyzes the first months in which their administrations have coincided, to determine if there is or not a change of direction in the US -Mexico bilateral relation.