Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The investigation was carried out in the Huancané basin. The objective of the present work is the determination of the efficient method to calculate the potential evapotranspiration for a Rain-Runoff Model in the Huancané Basin - Puno region. The data used were from seven meteorological stations from periods 1964 to 2016 registered by the SENAMHI institution. To determine the most efficient method, nine potential evapotranspiration methods were proposed (tank type "A", Penman Monteith, Thornthwaite and Wilm, Hargreaves based on Temperature and Radiation, Oudin, Blaney and Criddle, Turc and Jensen - Haise), with different input variables: average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, evaporation and hours of sunshine, for which it was carried out hydrological modeling with the nine methods of ETP. With the hydrological model GR2M that has as input data precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and flow. The observed flows were compared with simulated flows at Puente Huancané station. To determine the performance of empirical methods of potential evapotranspiration, statistical indicators were used, such as the coefficient of determination (R2), correlation coefficient (r) and Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). Finally, the research has established an efficient method to determine the potential evapotranspiration to the methods of Thornthwaite and Wilm, Hargreaves based on temperature, Oudin and Blaney-Criddle, where they present a better performance in the calibration phase a Nash efficiency ( NSE: 0.73-0.80; NSEL: 0.84-0.86), coefficient of determination (R2: 0.80-0.84). But for the validation phase these methods have better performance.

The present research work aimed to identify the native fruit species with productive potential in danger of extinction in the province of Huaura, as well as evaluate the functional properties of the identified species and estimate their performance, production and productivity. In order to identify the functional species in danger of extinction in the province of Huaura, in addition to the technique of pragmatic attitude and observation, interview techniques were applied to farmers, in order to determine species with minimal or no population density. and productivity. The native fruit species classified as endangered in the province of Huaura are Campomanesia lineatifolia "palillo" and Bunchosia armeniaca "cansaboca", because they are cultivated by a small number of farmers, not for commercial purposes but as decoration and harvesting its fruits at the family level; reason for which a minimum or no agronomic management is dedicated to them. Campomanesia lineatifolia “palillo” and Bunchosia armeniaca “cansaboca” are identified as the functional species of native fruit trees threatened with extinction in the province of Huaura, placing them in the category of “critically endangered”, in addition to presenting functional properties and with high rates of economic and biological productivity.

String musical instruments or chordophones are present in various artistic and cultural expressions around the world. The electric guitar, popularized by the so-called guitar heroes, has had a rise and development in the manufacturing industry, which demands considerable amounts of wood; being alder, maple, mahogany, basswood and rosewood, the most commonly used. On the other hand, in Panama there are artisans, called luthiers, who have skills and abilities to make instruments of excellent quality; being feasible the use of local wood, as an alternative for this purpose. The objective of this work was to know the suitable native woods from Panama for chordophones manufacturing, as a sustainable alternative. For this, savannah oak (Tabebuia rosea) and purpleheart (Peltogyne purpurea), were chosen to make the body of a semi-hollow electric guitar; While, to make a solid-body electric guitar, we chose West Indian cedar (Cedrela tonduzii) for the body and neck, mango (Mangifera indica) for the body top and cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa) for the fingerboard, electronic and truss rod cover. Both electronics and hardware components were from quality brands. For the finish, in the semi-hollow guitar, it was decided to apply transparent lacquer, taking advantage of the natural coloration of the purpleheart; while for the solid-body guitar, the body top was dyed with a gradient from green to violet and the headstock with the front part in black. The results obtained were, in both cases, guitars of excellent sound and quality, being able to compare with high-end instruments offered by major brands. The use of native woods represents a saving in materials, sustainable use of natural resources and contributes to the development of national craftsmanship, with a potential market for artists and collectors.

 This researchworkwas carried out under nursery conditions inMajes, Arequipa; The objective was to determine the adequate dose of Paclobutrazol in avocado seedlings of the Hass cultivar, in which a completely randomized design (DCA) was used, with four treatments, three repetitions, with a total of 12 experimental units and the test was performed of Tukey’s mean comparison. The treatments were: Control 0 ppm (T0), 150 ppm (T1), 300 ppm (T2) and 450 ppm (T3) per 200 L respectively, applying a broth volume of 50 cc per plant; obtained the results, it was determined that the T3 presented a delay in the growth of the height of the shoots with an average of 23;67 cmand a shortening in the length of the internodes with an average of 1;73 cm; but the use of Paclobutrazol did not influence the diameter of the shoots.

Cotton is an important industrial crop in the textile sector, it is the most important natural fiber produced in the world. The quality of cotton fiber is mainly reflected in length, fineness and resistance. The cotton fiber arrives attached to the seeds from the field and goes through the ginning process. The objective of the present study was to find a relationship between the RPM speeds at which the saw gin works used for cotton ginning, and the fiber length, fineness and resistance. Data were obtained from the average of ten samples, ten samples of between 18 and 20 grams of cotton fiber were used as an experimental unit. The response variables were the length of 2.5% of the fiber, 50, 60 and 70%, as well as the fineness and strength of the fiber. The experimental design was a CRD with nine repetitions and three treatments that were 700, 650 and 580 RPM. A significant difference between treatments was found for the variable Length of 2.5% of the fiber, the most used commercially, the shorter length being that of the 700 RPM treatment, which indicates that the faster the saws work, there is an increase of the mistreatment of the fiber, whose effect is the shortening of the same. However, there was no statistical difference in the variables L50%, L60% and L70%. A causal relationship could not be established for the fineness variable, as indicated in the literature, and finally no significant difference was found in the resistance variable with respect to the speed at which the saws work. In conclusion, the speed at which the saws of the cotton ginning machine work influences the quality of the fiber, mainly in the length of the same; It is recommended to use 580 or 650 RPM.

Spiders are important arthropods in agroecosystems, as they serve as indicators of environmental quality, in addition to the role that they can play as biological control agents of some pest species in crops. On the other hand, shrub species such as Salvia rosmarinus (L.), commonly known as rosemary, are often used as live fences, being near to important crops such as onion, potato, lettuce, among others. Cerro Punta is the main producing area of ​​these products in the country. The objective of this study was to know the community of spiders associated with rosemary in Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama. For this, random samplings were carried out in rosemary plants, located in different sites of Cerro Punta. The spiders were observed, photographed, collected and identified, with the support of specialized literature. According to the results, 57% of the spiders corresponded to the species Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775), 36% were individuals of Leucauge venusta (Walkenaer, 1841) and 7% corresponded to a species of the genus Nephila. Additionally, adult specimens from the Suborder Homoptera were found trapped in the cobwebs. In conclusion, the community of spiders associated with rosemary in Cerro Punta is represented by at least three genera, which can contribute to the natural balance of the entomofauna in the agroecosystem.

The present article exposes the development of the investigation of the seismic energy dissipators of the telescopic type, in the structural behavior of the social constructions in the district of independence, province of Huaraz-Ancash. The analysis of a building for social housing of 3 to 4 floors will be carried out for the two structural systems, that is, with a conventional structure and the other with hysterical seismic dissipators for which, maximum displacements, accelerations and efforts in harder areas of the structure. The energy dissipation capacity of the dynamic systems studied will be determined, emphasizing the modal response of buildings with installed heatsinks.

The objective of the study was to characterize blueberry farms (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), in Cañete, Lima ? Peru. For this, 13 farms were randomly visited and producers were surveyed about social, economic and technical-environmental aspects. As a result, all producers have had basic services and 69;2 % had higher education. The average installation cost was USD 37 653;85/ha, annual maintenance USD 10 361;54/ha, export sales price was USD 9;87/kg on farm and yield was 4;40 t/ha. The quality of fruits was de_ned by Brix degrees, size, color and presentation; the main inputs required were certi_ed seedlings, pesticides, soluble fertilizers and organic substrates. About 61;5 %of producers reported Heliothis virescens as the main pest, applying chemical and ethological control; 38 % reported damages caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. As bene_cial arthropods, spiders were found only in two farms. The crop was developed as hydroponic, in plastic bags with prepared substrate and drip fertigation. In conclusion, this fruit is an alternative of development with added value, generates employment opportunities, optimizes soil and water resources, but chemical control limits the establishment of bene_cial organisms.

 

Based on analytical study (in order to establish cause-effect relationship of seismic events) I                     propose the Seismic Energy Theory, according to which a seismic event result of the disturbance of                     the accumulated external energy (solar energy -photons) through the transit of internal energy,                     whose sudden movement -due to the fact that the electrons repel each other- generates seismic waves                     with attenuating and vibratory characteristics, through which there is energy transport in the form                     of vibration without that matter is displaced and is perceived as seismic movements; for such                     eects, the internal energy has a constant path in the form of seismic circuits, in which the                     climate and soil have a determining role.