Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La población indígena Kaingang habita el espacio que comprende el centro en el municipio de Chapecó-SC, Estado de Santa Catarina en el sur de Brasil, desde antes de la configuración formal de la ciudad. Sin embargo, debido al proceso de urbanización, dicha comunidad tuvo su trayectoria histórica y su relación con la ciudad se hizo invisible por acciones originadas principalmente por el gobierno. Para contribuir a la transformación de este contexto, se elaboró un sistema de espacios libres para el diálogo intercultural, en colaboración con la comunidad indígena, que propone contar la historia de la ciudad desde la perspectiva de sus pueblos tradicionales y redefinir los espacios. audiencias urbanas a través de intervenciones espaciales a diferentes escalas. Las estrategias metodológicas adoptadas incluyen investigación bibliográfica, visitas exploratorias, informes de historia oral, un poema de deseos y observación participante, valorando el papel de la comunidad Kaingang en el proceso de diseño. Este artículo presenta los resultados de este proyecto y destaca las posibilidades de valorización histórica y cultural a través de intervenciones urbanas. Se cree que las acciones espaciales pueden resignificar tanto los lugares como las interacciones humanas resultantes de la experiencia de estos espacios.

The attacks on monuments —street art, mutilations, being brought down— that have been seen around the world recently, cannot go unnoticed by heritage academics. It is a phenomenon that heralds the obsolescence of ideas and theories adopted so far on heritage and its conservation. Throughout this work, reflections are made about heritage as cultural heritage, explaining how commemorative monuments differ from historical monuments, a topic that comes under the limelight when talking about museification and petrification of heritage. To give context to this phenomenon, three attacks on monuments are addressed the march of November 8th, 2018 in Santiago de Chile, when people brought down statues in the US and England within the Black Lives Matter movement and the #NoMeCuidanMeViolan movement, in Mexico. The reflection considers the motivations behind these actions against heritage, the reactions of hegemonic groups and, more than anything, the resignifications and redefinitions that are taking place or could take place, as a result of all this, about cultural heritage.

El estallido social desencadenado a partir de octubre de 2019 tuvo, entre sus expresiones más visibles, la ocupación de espacios públicos como calles, avenidas y plazas. También fue profusamente registrado el “ataque” a los monumentos que algunos asociaron a una suerte de rebelión contra la historia de Chile. Estos hechos nos conducen por los caminos de la historia, la memoria, el recuerdo y el olvido, representado en monumentos, símbolos oficiales, nombres de calles y plazas de la ciudad. También por senderos interdisciplinarios para abordar esta complejidad con metodologías y fuentes diversas. El presente artículo busca explicar lo ocurrido en Temuco, capital de la Región de la Araucanía, durante los últimos meses de 2019. Para ello se propone una aproximación investigativa desde una perspectiva de larga duración, que posibilite encontrar los elementos que fueron significando el espacio urbano, para luego explorar lo ocurrido en un tiempo corto, entre octubre y noviembre, en la lógica de los procesos de resignificación del espacio urbano.

Fundamento: el proceso de rehabilitación de la gastrostomía, causa problemas en la calidad de vida desde la etapa preoperatoria hasta después de salir del área hospitalaria, lo que afecta de manera integral los pacientes. Objetivo: analizar los factores psicológicos y sociales que influyen en el proceso de rehabilitación de pacientes con gastrostomía. Métodos: se realizó un estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. El universo de estudio estuvo constituido por 25 pacientes con gastrostomía, los mismos que cumplieron con ciertos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se aplicó el instrumento del cuestionario de Montreux que consta de 21 preguntas, el cual fue adaptado de acuerdo a las variables de estudio. Resultados: se observó en la mayoría de las muestras varios factores psicológicos que influyen en la rehabilitación de los pacientes como: preocupación, sentimientos negativos, dificultad para afrontar su condición y la percepción negativa sobre su estado de salud actual. En lo que respecta a las determinantes sociales, en la mayoría de los pacientes se afectó la capacidad de relación. Por otra parte en cuanto al tipo de procedimiento realizado predominaron los pacientes con gastrostomía permanente. Conclusiones: en este estudio se trabajó en gran parte con pacientes adultos mayores y con gastrostomía de tipo permanente. Además se evidenció la existencia de factores tanto psicológicos como sociales que influyen en el proceso de rehabilitación de la mayor parte de estas personas, por otro lado es notable la percepción negativa que tienen estos individuos ante su estado de salud actual. DeCS: GASTROSTOMÍA/psicología; GASTROSTOMÍA/rehabilitación; EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DESCRIPTIVA; ANCIANO; ESTRÉS PSICOLÓGICO.

Background: human care is the basis of nursing, for this reason it must be viewed holistically. Patients with diabetic foot with or without treatment acquire damages such as amputations and emotional disturbances such as depression, so the nurse must look at the patient in a bio-psychosocial way, contributing to the improvement of their health, providing security to both the patient and to the institution, making him feel safe and leading him to have good adherence to treatment. Objective: to determine the quality of humanized care from the perception of patients diagnosed with diabetic foot. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional design study was carried out with a quantitative approach applying a deductive method in the Comprehensive Care Unit for Diabetic Foot of the General Hospital Santo Domingo- Ecuador, with a population of 50 patients who wished to participate and signed informed consent for the respective sample. The instrument of the 3rd version PCHE questionnaire consisting of 32 questions was applied, which was adapted according to the study variables. Results: the quality of humanized care based on the perception of patients with diabetic foot is positive in 92-94% consider that there is adequate communication between the patient nurse, but there is still a deficit of certain characteristics for the care to be human in its entirety. Conclusions: the patient’s humanized care by the nursing staff is positive regarding its services, however, there is still a deficit of certain characteristics for the care to be human in its entirety.DeCS: NURSING CARE; DIABETIC FOOT/nursing; DIABETIC FOOT/diagnosis; TREATMENT ADHERENCE AND COMPLIANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE.

Background: the infectious processes are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the burned patients, which is why the early diagnosis of the infection through the bacteriological quantitative study represents a forward-motion step for the opportune treatment of these patients. Objective: to determine the diagnosis of infection in the burned patients by means of the bacteriological quantitative study of the injury by burn. Methods: a descriptive, cross-section study was carried out to determine by means of the bacteriological quantitative study of the injury by burn the diagnosis of infection in the burned patients entered in the service of Burn at Manuel Ascunce Domenech Universitary Hospital of the province Camagüey, from September 2015 to November 2017. 34 patients were studied in those who were evaluated the following variables: age, sex, severity rate, positivity or no of the qualitative and quantitative study relating to the clinical public demonstrations of infection. Results: in this study the feminine sex became represented by 70.59 %, predominating ages between 48- 67 years, the 38.23 % of injured persons were classified as very grave, and colonization was the predominant on the infection in the quantitative cultivation with a 26.47 %. In patients with clinical demonstrations of infection, the quantitative culture was positive in 11 of them for a 32.35 %. It was found in 44.12 % of patients, the presence from germs to a concentration of over 105 germen per gram of fabric. Conclusions: determining factors in the appearing of infection in the injury by burn were age, extension and depth of the injuries. There was a correlation between the positivity of the bacteriological quantitative study and the presence of clinical demonstrations of infection in these patients. Greater number of quantitative cultivations with positive results and their correlation with the presence of germs in the qualitative cultivations were documented. DeCS: WOUND INFECTION/diagnosis; WOUND INFECTION/microbiology; BURNS/complications; BACTERIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE.

Background: ltemporomandibular disorders in the elderly patient are a significant problem in the field of public health, its evaluation allows the planning of resources to achieve satisfactory longevity and improve quality of life. Objective: to characterize temporomandibular disorders in the stomatognathic system of the elderly patient. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Dentistry Prosthesis consultation of the Nuevitas municipality, Camagüey province, in the period from January to December 2018, the universe was made up of 481 patients over 60 years of age, the sample selection was not probabilistic by criteria and was made up of the 103 patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders. Results: female sex and older adult patients between 65-69 years predominated. Unrestituted dental loss was highlighted as a risk factor. The main clinical manifestation found in older adult patients was joint noise and osteoarthritis predominated as the main condition in the temporomandibular joint. Conclusions: during the characterization of temporomandibular disorders in the stomatognathic system of the older adult patient, the female sex predominated, dental loss as a risk factor, the main clinical manifestation was joint sounds and osteoarthritis as the condition with the greatest joint involvement temporomandibular. DeCS: TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS/diagnosis; AGED; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE; OSTEOARTHRITIS/etiology; LONGEVITY.

Background: ectopic meningioma, defined as those that have no connection with the dura mater, are rare. They are a rare variant and represent approximately 1 % of all intracranial meningioma. Objective: to present a rare variant of an ectopic meningioma as a cause of proptosis and ophthalmoparesis found in a young patient. Case report: patient of 40 years of age, who 6 months ago began with pain in the right eye of moderate intensity, increased volume of the front-orbital region, decreased visual acuity and double vision. Computed tomography and MRI of the skull and orbit showed extra-axial lesion at the level of the lateral wall of the orbit with extra and intra-orbital extension with compression of adjacent structures that caused anterior displacement of the eyeball. Surgical treatment was performed with resection and the histological study concluded an ectopic meningotial meningioma of bone grade I. Conclusions: ectopic meningioma are infrequent, surgical treatment with total resection of the lesion is the choice to avoid recurrences and may have an indication of complementary oncological treatment. DeCS: MENINGIOMA/radiotherapy; MENINGIOMA/surgery; MENINGEAL NEOPLASMS/surgery; MARGINS OF EXCISION; EXOPHTHALMOS/surgery.

Background: diabetic retinopathy is an ocular disease due to diabetes mellitus and caused by a microvascular alteration of the retinal vessels. It is the main cause of vision loss between 30 and 60 years of age. Auto-fluorescence is an important test in the early detection of complications of diabetic retinopathy, and it can act in time to reduce the incidence of irreversible visual alterations. Objective: to carry out an updated review on diabetic retinopathy and the indications of auto-fluorescence in this pathology. Methods: a literature review was carried out in the Lilacs, Medline and Scielo databases. The descriptors used were: Diabetic retinopathy, auto-fluorescence, complications, diagnostic imaging therapy. With the bibliographic data obtained in 80 published articles, 34 (27 published in the last 5 years and 7 of previous years) were selected. Results: traditionally established aspects and others that are under discussion by many authors were contemplated. Conclusions: diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of visual loss in adults, with significant medical, social and financial consequences. Its complications are avoidable in 80-90 % of cases. Auto-fluorescence is an important test in the early detection of complications of diabetic retinopathy, which allow to act in time to reduce the incidence of irreversible visual alterations. DeCS: VISION DISORDERS/epidemiology; FLUORESCENCE; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY/diagnostic imaging; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY /complications; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY/therapy.

Ciudad Resignificada se refiere a una nueva mirada sobre los usos e imagen de la ciudad acaecidos a partir de los estallidos sociales ocurridos en Chile y Latinoamérica en estos tiempos recientes. El espacio público, las calles, las plazas, los parques, las avenidas y costaneras han sido el lugar de encuentro de miles de ciudadanos expresando sus aspiraciones y demandas por una vida más digna, lo que por cierto, nos recuerda que la calle y su arquitectura es también territorio de conflicto.