Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

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This issue of the Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal – CALJ – contains articles that relate to one of the main goals of research, namely, to transform already existing knowledge or to produce new knowledge. Knowledge as a multidimensional notion is one that is worthy of editorial efforts. Fullan (2001) makes a distinction between information and knowledge by maintaining that information is machines and knowledge is people. The latter idea implies that individual and collective social actors play roles in transforming tacit knowledge into shared knowledge. The article authors in this CALJ issue put forward their knowledge for others to understand, debate, acknowledge or refuse it. These are the collective and interactional traits of knowledge which is the social dimension of it; information becomes knowledge when it obtains social life (Piñeros & Quintero, 2006).

Given the recent developments in biotechnology and genetic engineering, the ability to eliminate genetic diseases from the human genome seems more and more possible each day. Being able to do so would mean a better quality of life for those who would otherwise suffer from incurable genetic diseases.However, even though the success of such a procedure would bring benefits that cannot be obtained by other means, the consequences for humans are still unknown. As such, the people involved should be held responsible.The responsibility needs to be collective, not individual, because the decisions leading to the edition of a human genome and someone being born as a result of it are not made by a single individual, but several people, from the prospective parents interested in the intervention for their future child to the ones in charge of performing said intervention.The addition of the human genome can bring significant benefits, and it seems to be the only way to avoid certain genetic diseases; however, collective responsibility should be taken by those involved in the decisions that lead to a person being born with a modified genome.

In this article I analyze the justification of rawlsian anti-perfectionism, present in both A Theory of Justice and Political Liberalism. My aim is to show how justice as fairness, Rawls's conception of justice, lacks stability because of it. As an alternative to his anti-perfectionism, I propose, in the second part, the idea of progress as practical perfectionism by John Dewey. I argue that a perfectionist liberalism of this kind does not undermine reasonable pluralism as Rawls argued. Also I argue that it is indispensable to establish a liberal society that is stable. In the end, I briefly show how the private sphere could be affected once the idea of progress is part of a conception of liberal justice.

During the mandate of Isaías Medina Angarita (1941-1945), Venezuela lived unpublished transformations that underpinned a model of modernization concretized years after the coup d'état of 1945. His management takes place in the middle of World War II and petroleum was essential for the United States. Medina took advantage of such situation to enact the Hydrocarbons and Income Tax laws. It was a quantitative and qualitative quantum leap with respect to previous legislations. Awareness was created that the country should have a better share of petroleum profits and take advantage of those resources to boost economic diversity. Revenues to the Treasury grew significantly, which allowed the design of important social policies. This study reconstructs the history of the initial attempt to "oil sowing" to overcome the rentier model and advocate diversified industrialization, and presents some conflicting views of the liberal principles of the economy. To this end, the discourses of political and intellectual actors of that period are analyzed.  

The aim of this research is to specify the conceptualization of Inflation as a macroeconomic phenomenon and to approach the causes that originated it in Barquisimeto City, Lara State, from the perspective of specialists in economic matters, which are constituted by professors belonging to the Department of Economics of the Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”. The methodology used was descriptive. It was based on the data provided by the Central Bank of Venezuela and the National Institute of Statistics, which was available until the year 2019. In addition, a theoretical review of various approaches that explain the origin of Inflation was carried out and then contrasted them with the specialists’ opinion using a questionnaire. The study found the inflation rate in Barquisimeto in period 2010-2015 has been growing due to the low productivity and imbalance achieved by the loss of incentive by entrepreneurs, being one of the most expensive cities in the country. 

Considering that on August 28, 2020, a hundred years have passed since Rafael Villavicencio´s death, it is necessary to highlight the important work done by this Venezuelan intellectual man, in different areas of knowledge, such as medicine, education, journalism, and from the high public office. He is recognized academically, for being one of the main promoters and diffusers of the ideas of the positivist philosophical current in the country. From different spaces, but mainly from the professorship of the Universal History, he directed at the Central University of Venezuela since 1866. It is noteworthy, the valuable changes that this emerging paradigm entailed in the different branches of knowledge, and in the progressive ontological transformation for that moment.

The term governance includes, on the one hand, a system of rules that guide the actions of social actors and, on the other hand, the action of governing in an efficient and equitable way. Those aspects assume the existence of a society, whose problems must be solved, and they also have certain requirements which are advisable to satisfy, both by the State and diverse social institutions. In the search for solutions to the previous statement, changes, redesigns, and restructuring of governmental organizations have been encouraged in order to enable them to fulfill their primary role: to provide responses to the demands and needs of communities and their inhabitants. This diversity of actors implies the concretion of a concept related to governance, such as networking. In this context, the term electronic government (EG) arises, as a way to specifying mechanisms of interaction among both the State with citizens, employees, companies and intergovernmental bodies. Given these considerations, the present theoretical work, has as main objective to show some reflections upon the implications of the Governance in the EG, making emphasis on the actors involved and the relationships that are established among them.

The management system is required in a business to achieve exceptional results. It is made up of three components: the strategic, tactical and operational ones. In turn, the components consist of: strategic, improvement, innovation, flow, project and daily management. The use of the PDCA management method, in each component, makes it unique, independent of the trade names given by consulting companies worldwide.