Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The effect of 2 forms of soil fertilization on corn (Zea mayz L.) variety DK 7500 was evaluated at Las Mercedes, La Troncal – Ecuador Ranch, the treatments were: T1 = Supermagro enriched fertilizer: day 8 (25%), day 23 (25%), day 38 (50%); T2 = Conventional fertilizer 30 g / plant: day 8 (8-20-20% NPK), day 23 (15-3-20% NPK), day 38 (21-0-0-24% NPK), on the (Plant height 30, 60, 90 DDS (cm); Insertion height ear 70 DDS (cm); Ear length (cm); Ear diameter (cm); Rows of grain per ear; Weight 1000 grains (g); Tusa / Grain; Yield (kg / ha-1); Economic analysis. The experiment was run under a Completely Randomized Block Design with 4 replicates, the data were analyzed with ANOVA, the comparison of means was made with the Duncan Test (p <0.05). The calculations were carried out in the InfoStaf Statistical Package version 2019. The results responded favorably to the conventional fertilizer treatment (T2), registering a greater ear length of 15.90 cm, ear diameter of 4.95 cm, tusa – grain ratio of 5.38. The types of fertilizers did not affected plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days, ear insertion on day 70, number of rows of kernels per ear, weight of 1000 kernels and yield. The partial budget analysis showed that the best marginal rate of return was obtained by the conventional fertilization treatment (T2), leaving a marginal rate of 27.27%, representing that for every U$ 1.00 invested in conventional fertilization, the producer recovers his dollar invested and obtains an additional U$ 0.27.

In Nicaragua, the cultivation of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a hydrobiological product that contributes significant foreign exchange to the country's economy. The success obtained in this area is due to the fact that businessmen and producers have encouraged, expanded and technified the productive areas meant to shrimp farming. However, the growth of this industry has been affected by the incidences of viral and bacterial diseases, causing problems at a social and economic level in the field, which is why throughout the evolution of shrimp farming and the diseases that they affect it, in parallel studies it have been carried out in order to find alternatives to minimize the impact of pathogens on the farming, finding shrimp growing inland; practice that it is carried out in many developed countries and in which similar results to traditional production are presented. The purpose of the study was to compare the growth of white shrimp from traditional farming systems and inland farming, through the implementation of two treatments that consist of subjecting organisms to optimal salinities (T1) and salinities close to 0 (T2 ), being this the only variant in the management of the crop during a period of 49 days and with a density of 27 org / m2, obtaining results of final weights of 17.75 grams for T1 and 12 grams for T2, revealing that the Physical and chemical factor effects did not affect shrimp growth during the study.

Summary Chayote (Sechium edule, (Jacq.) Swartz) is a versatile vegetable; roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, seed, fruits and tips of the guides are used. The primary objective of this study was to identify abundance, richness, diversity index, population fluctuation and habit of the main families of insects associated with chayote. The research is qualitative of a non-experimental type, based on the descriptive method, it was carried out in the period from January to May 2017 in Molino Sur and El Caracol communities, Sébaco municipality, department of Matagalpa, in two farms where 12 insect traps, a leaf collection was carried out to extract, identify and classify sucking insects. 65 species of insects and one of arachnids belonging to 46 families of 12 orders were identified, among the main families are: Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae, Noctuidae, Formicidae, Muscidae and Gryllidae. Insect diversity was estimated using the Simpson index, the Sarsalosa farm has more species abundance by insect families and Las Vegas farm presented the highest diversity. The temporal distribution of the most important families were Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae and Noctuidae, with polyphages, phylophages, ghouls, rhizophages, zoophages, nectarivores, phytophages, omnivores and saprophages, as the main feeding habits

The research on the Meaning of nature from the world view of the Rama people in the Indian River and Punta de Águila communities from the Rama - Kriol territory, for the strengthening of the cultural identity of the Rama people was carried out in 2018 mainly in Bangkukuk and Indian River communities, San Juan de Nicaragua. The research has identified and documented the knowledge of the practices of culture, it has proposed strategies for the incorporation of these cultural values ​​in the Bilingual Intercultural Education curriculum for the Rama people.Socio – cultural research and the knowledge of the Rama people such as: ancestral knowledge, culture, custom, history and traditions, their way of understanding the world and the meaning of their life; Then new beliefs and practices are sought, which will form over time the way of life of the Rama people, from new experiences and knowledge of society, dialectical changes that identify them because of their needs to adapt to nature and another for the influence of other social groups that establish contact with other communities. Likewise, the practice of the same ancestral knowledge, thus strengthening the cultural identity of the Rama people in their territory.

The floristic composition of medicinal plants of the Agroforestry Transfer Center (CeTAF) was inventoried, and its cultural importance in the Indigenous community of Tiktik Kaanu, Rama and Kriol Territory, Autonomous Region of the South Caribbean Coast (RACCS). The diversity, state of conservation was known and the types of use and application of wild and cultivated medicinal flora were investigated. 40 species distributed in 33 genre and 26 botanical families were identified. The most abundant genre are Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Poaceae and Lauraceae. One species was identified for each appendix, I and II, of the CITES agreement. However, there is a lack of updated information to categorize the conservation status of more than 90% of the species in this area, from the studied collection that are used for the treatment of diseases that affect indigenous people and the general population. Materials used in the preparation of medicines include leaves, bark, roots, fruits, sap, (wooden) stems, flowers, and seeds. In some instances, the entire plant can be used, including the roots

Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus, Britt and Rose) is a plant that belongs to the cactaceae family, in Nicaragua it is sown mainly in the departments of Masaya and Carazo, about 700 hectares of pitahaya are reported, indicating that Nicaragua is the main producer in Central America with a national production of more than 6,160 tons, of which more than 50% are exported. In Nicaragua there is little information regarding the main pests that affect the pitahaya crop and there are no exhaustive reports of primary pests, for this reason a study was established with the aim of identifying the main pests present in the pitahaya crop in La Concha municipality, Masaya, the research was carried out between the months of July to November 2017, the pitahaya genotypes evaluated were Orejona, Rosa, Lisa, Chocoya, Sabaneña, and Espinuda. The study design used in non-experimental qualitative research that is based on the descriptive method, a form of applied research where there is no manipulation of variables. 9 orders and 40 families of insects were found associated with pitahaya, the most dominant families were in Palo Solo Farm Phycitidae and Noctuidae and in Panamá Farm it was Chrysopidae and Hesperiidae

The concept of the local knowledge management network was addressed as the basis of a Local Innovation System for Cuba. Hermeneutical methodology was applied at an interpretive level. The network was seen as a way of incorporating links and interactions that make possible, locally, regionally and nationally, the existence of external economies and increasing returns. The increasing recognition obtained by networks was based on the fact that, regardless of the amount of information and coded knowledge that society produces, when there is no link between coded knowledge and the skills embodied in individuals and organizations, it is not possible to capture the productive impulse of knowledge, translate it into innovation and a path of sustainable development.

This work has analyzed the evolution of Blas de Otero poetics. For this it was considered that, in his poetry, a high-sounding duality operates: from one of the imaginary he is one of the most read poets in the recent history of Spain and, nevertheless, the former criticism disdains him for the politicization of his work; in its versatility oterian poetry is existential tension, in its first stage, and an evident social concern; in the second. Blas de Otero is a poet of concepts, in particular of social content, because his early poetry reveals the human tear in the face of the suffering and existential anguish of post - war man. His evolution as a poet starts from his religious and faith concerns, going through existentialism, until reaching the social content. The texts analyzed in this work are a sample of this thematic evolution in different stages of the author's literary production: "These sonnets of mine", Angel fiercely human (1950) and "Fidelity", I ask for peace and the right to talk (1955).

This essay has analyzed the importance of Burgos and Valladolid Laws as an early background of human equality. For this, these legal bodies are considered and compared with the main postulates of the Declaration of Human Rights and certain Constitutions, among them, the Constitution of Spain, Ecuador, Colombia and Mexico.In that order, such legal texts served as the basis for the new legal order of international law in favor of the indigenous population and other social groups, recognizing certain rights that would be the basis of an anticipated equality between human beings.

For those who think that Eurocentrism was a "fashionable" problem that has already been overcome, this essay shows that it was not and that it is a thorny issue that is still open. In this sense, the dissections that make up these pages aim to reconstruct the debate between two of the most important thinkers of this time. The methodology is hermeneutical from the critical perspective of this essay, which not only draws on carefully reading the arguments and counter-arguments, but also on having questioned both positions from different movements of problematization. The resonances and deepening of these crosses can be observed, as well as the breakdown of their theoretical gestures. In the monologue of Eurocentrism, the persistence in the universalization of the European legacy proposed as a “unique” path to re-politicization, liberation or the solution of contemporary dilemmas can be noted, which has favorably allowed coloniality and strategies of re-westernization. On the other hand, the teaching of the colonial difference allows disbelief in the unique or universal paths that promise "paradise" at the cost of sacrificing the intercultural legacies of the rest of the non-European world. From this movement, a decolonial praxis of thinking is postulated that strives for the coexistence of situated universals, not abstract and devoid of any disciplinary tyranny. Finally, the question about the struggle for coexistence with a legacy that denies or interrupts others remains, while at the same time seeking to delineate forms of educational decolonization that recover and reconstitute collective memories