Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The effect of 2 forms of soil fertilization on corn (Zea mayz L.) variety DK 7500 was evaluated at Las Mercedes, La Troncal – Ecuador Ranch, the treatments were: T1 = Supermagro enriched fertilizer: day 8 (25%), day 23 (25%), day 38 (50%); T2 = Conventional fertilizer 30 g / plant: day 8 (8-20-20% NPK), day 23 (15-3-20% NPK), day 38 (21-0-0-24% NPK), on the (Plant height 30, 60, 90 DDS (cm); Insertion height ear 70 DDS (cm); Ear length (cm); Ear diameter (cm); Rows of grain per ear; Weight 1000 grains (g); Tusa / Grain; Yield (kg / ha-1); Economic analysis. The experiment was run under a Completely Randomized Block Design with 4 replicates, the data were analyzed with ANOVA, the comparison of means was made with the Duncan Test (p <0.05). The calculations were carried out in the InfoStaf Statistical Package version 2019. The results responded favorably to the conventional fertilizer treatment (T2), registering a greater ear length of 15.90 cm, ear diameter of 4.95 cm, tusa – grain ratio of 5.38. The types of fertilizers did not affected plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days, ear insertion on day 70, number of rows of kernels per ear, weight of 1000 kernels and yield. The partial budget analysis showed that the best marginal rate of return was obtained by the conventional fertilization treatment (T2), leaving a marginal rate of 27.27%, representing that for every U$ 1.00 invested in conventional fertilization, the producer recovers his dollar invested and obtains an additional U$ 0.27.

In Nicaragua, the cultivation of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a hydrobiological product that contributes significant foreign exchange to the country's economy. The success obtained in this area is due to the fact that businessmen and producers have encouraged, expanded and technified the productive areas meant to shrimp farming. However, the growth of this industry has been affected by the incidences of viral and bacterial diseases, causing problems at a social and economic level in the field, which is why throughout the evolution of shrimp farming and the diseases that they affect it, in parallel studies it have been carried out in order to find alternatives to minimize the impact of pathogens on the farming, finding shrimp growing inland; practice that it is carried out in many developed countries and in which similar results to traditional production are presented. The purpose of the study was to compare the growth of white shrimp from traditional farming systems and inland farming, through the implementation of two treatments that consist of subjecting organisms to optimal salinities (T1) and salinities close to 0 (T2 ), being this the only variant in the management of the crop during a period of 49 days and with a density of 27 org / m2, obtaining results of final weights of 17.75 grams for T1 and 12 grams for T2, revealing that the Physical and chemical factor effects did not affect shrimp growth during the study.

Chayote (Sechium edule, (Jacq.) Swartz) is a versatile vegetable; roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, seed, fruits and tips of the guides are used. The primary objective of this study was to identify abundance, richness, diversity index, population fluctuation and habit of the main families of insects associated with chayote. The research is qualitative of a non-experimental type, based on the descriptive method, it was carried out in the period from January to May 2017 in Molino Sur and El Caracol communities, Sébaco municipality, department of Matagalpa, in two farms where 12 insect traps, a leaf collection was carried out to extract, identify and classify sucking insects. 65 species of insects and one of arachnids belonging to 46 families of 12 orders were identified, among the main families are: Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae, Noctuidae, Formicidae, Muscidae and Gryllidae. Insect diversity was estimated using the Simpson index, the Sarsalosa farm has more species abundance by insect families and Las Vegas farm presented the highest diversity. The temporal distribution of the most important families were Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae and Noctuidae, with polyphages, phylophages, ghouls, rhizophages, zoophages, nectarivores, phytophages, omnivores and saprophages, as the main feeding habits.

Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus, Britt and Rose) is a plant that belongs to the cactaceae family, in Nicaragua it is sown mainly in the departments of Masaya and Carazo, about 700 hectares of pitahaya are reported, indicating that Nicaragua is the main producer in Central America with a national production of more than 6,160 tons, of which more than 50% are exported. In Nicaragua there is little information regarding the main pests that affect the pitahaya crop and there are no exhaustive reports of primary pests, for this reason a study was established with the aim of identifying the main pests present in the pitahaya crop in La Concha municipality, Masaya, the research was carried out between the months of July to November 2017, the pitahaya genotypes evaluated were Orejona, Rosa, Lisa, Chocoya, Sabaneña, and Espinuda. The study design used in non-experimental qualitative research that is based on the descriptive method, a form of applied research where there is no manipulation of variables. 9 orders and 40 families of insects were found associated with pitahaya, the most dominant families were in Palo Solo Farm Phycitidae and Noctuidae and in Panamá Farm it was Chrysopidae and Hesperiidae

The research on the Meaning of nature from the world view of the Rama people in the Indian River and Punta de Águila communities from the Rama - Kriol territory, for the strengthening of the cultural identity of the Rama people was carried out in 2018 mainly in Bangkukuk and Indian River communities, San Juan de Nicaragua. The research has identified and documented the knowledge of the practices of culture, it has proposed strategies for the incorporation of these cultural values ​​in the Bilingual Intercultural Education curriculum for the Rama people.Socio – cultural research and the knowledge of the Rama people such as: ancestral knowledge, culture, custom, history and traditions, their way of understanding the world and the meaning of their life; Then new beliefs and practices are sought, which will form over time the way of life of the Rama people, from new experiences and knowledge of society, dialectical changes that identify them because of their needs to adapt to nature and another for the influence of other social groups that establish contact with other communities. Likewise, the practice of the same ancestral knowledge, thus strengthening the cultural identity of the Rama people in their territory

The floristic composition of medicinal plants of the Agroforestry Transfer Center (CeTAF) was inventoried, and its cultural importance in the Indigenous community of Tiktik Kaanu, Rama and Kriol Territory, Autonomous Region of the South Caribbean Coast (RACCS). The diversity, state of conservation was known and the types of use and application of wild and cultivated medicinal flora were investigated. 40 species distributed in 33 genre and 26 botanical families were identified. The most abundant genre are Fabaceae, Rutaceae, Poaceae and Lauraceae. One species was identified for each appendix, I and II, of the CITES agreement. However, there is a lack of updated information to categorize the conservation status of more than 90% of the species in this area, from the studied collection that are used for the treatment of diseases that affect indigenous people and the general population. Materials used in the preparation of medicines include leaves, bark, roots, fruits, sap, (wooden) stems, flowers, and seeds. In some instances, the entire plant can be used, including the roots.

The work consists of an explanation of the evolution of science, technology and technological innovation process in the colonial, neocolonial and socialist revolution in Cuba, with frustrated attempts in the first stages, finding in the last the possibility of limited development. The intentions of science, technique and technological innovation policy are intended to insert the country into the world economy, with greater economic diversification and greater food and ecological sustainability. The main characteristic of the science, technique and innovation process from 1959 to 1990 consisted of the technology transfer received within the framework of the preferential economic and scientific relations established; However, after the approval of a new economic reform in 2011 in which new economic, political and social guidelines of the party are approved, this policy takes off, where science plays important functions in the improvement of our model economic socialist

For those who think that Eurocentrism was a "fashionable" problem that has already been overcome, this essay shows that it was not and that it is a thorny issue that is still open. In this sense, the dissections that make up these pages aim to reconstruct the debate between two of the most important thinkers of this time. The methodology is hermeneutical from the critical perspective of this essay, which not only draws on carefully reading the arguments and counter-arguments, but also on having questioned both positions from different movements of problematization. The resonances and deepening of these crosses can be observed, as well as the breakdown of their theoretical gestures. In the monologue of Eurocentrism, the persistence in the universalization of the European legacy proposed as a “unique” path to re-politicization, liberation or the solution of contemporary dilemmas can be noted, which has favorably allowed coloniality and strategies of re-westernization. On the other hand, the teaching of the colonial difference allows disbelief in the unique or universal paths that promise "paradise" at the cost of sacrificing the intercultural legacies of the rest of the non-European world. From this movement, a decolonial praxis of thinking is postulated that strives for the coexistence of situated universals, not abstract and devoid of any disciplinary tyranny. Finally, the question about the struggle for coexistence with a legacy that denies or interrupts others remains, while at the same time seeking to delineate forms of educational decolonization that recover and reconstitute collective memories

The results obtained when investigating intercultural educommunicative programs are presented from the importance for the transformation of learning. Participation and collaboration strategies that contribute to individual and social development, in addition to multidisciplinary integration. Educational programs in Ecuador are dedicated from the recognition of their 14 nationalities, in other words, reforms in educational methods are expected to be intercultural; However, since Kichwa has a greater number of speakers after the Spanish language, it is absent in classrooms and spaces for social development.   The limitation of native speakers to be able to access a quality education means the absence of students in the different educational fields and, consequently, the loss of the Kichwa language and indigenous identity increases inequality and lack of democracy. Studies show new educommunicational ways to incorporate interculturality through the virtual environment. In this way, the access of students from different spaces is increased, training educators in the Kichwa language in intercultural methodology. The platforms use programs that are developed in their native Kichwa language.

The contents of Latin American philosophical thought have been reflected in Ecuadorian philosophy textbooks, from decolonizing perspectives through an ecology of knowledge and intercultural translation aimed at a dialogue and confrontation of knowings. It had a qualitative methodology with an interpretive approach of a hermeneutical nature. The results have shown that the approaches of Latin American philosophy are based on a US plural and diverse; and not in an individual being (ME); that dependency theory is not a philosophical current, but a purely economic one. In addition, that emancipation proposes to overcome situations of marginality and oppression. Categories related to coloniality that make it difficult to understand are also excluded. The texts of identity and culture are not clearly defined, since they are seen as invariable entities in time. The study pointed out that the approach to Latin American philosophical thought is minimal and generates interpretations that lead to consider that Western knowledge is bad; and, furthermore, it revealed the need for there to be content of Latin American philosophical thought to have a look at our context, to know reality and that there is a plurality of thoughts, voices and visions.