Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

According to the Ecuadorian Constitution, human beings are born free and equal in dignity and for that reason they will enjoy the same rights. Thus, in the second chapter of the Organic Integral Criminal Code, (COIP).- Art. 12, refers that liberty deprived persons will enjoy the same guarantees and rights recognized by the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, according with international human rights instruments. Nevertheless, the materialization of these rights is far from reality, becoming a dramatic situation the liberty deprived persons live. Taking this precedent into consideration, the objective of this research work is to investigate, if there is a violation of the human rights of people deprived from liberty. Specifically, the indicator of overcrowding in the Social Rehabilitation Center in Ibarra city, and the correspondence to article 51, of the Magna Letter that encloses specific rights in favor of everyone deprived from liberty. This work was conceived with a view of inviting to analyze deeply the reality of the Ibarra Social Rehabilitation Center, for the purpose of the current conditions in this center improve, and stablish policies and routed programs that give an adequate social rehabilitation to the prisoners. The methodology used is basically qualitative, nevertheless, there was a quantitative analysis phase from the processing of various instruments which help to contribute to outline the diagnostic. The research of the Ibarra Rehabilitation Center concludes that it exceeds its installed capacity, overpassing 135,76%, infringing prisoners’ rights. Consequently, the social rehabilitation purpose do not accomplish its finality, therefore, there is no control for the technical organism created to guarantee and evaluate the efficient policies or the system accomplishment.

Several studies have stated that people's attitudes towards organ donation are influenced by factors such as knowledge, education, and religion. Many people could donate if they knew about the benefits of organ donation instead of wasting it. That is the reason that this study sets out to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward organ donation among Brazilian and Ecuadorian Social Media Users. A cross-sectional study was conducted, assessed through a self-administered, anonymous and validated survey, and distributed through social media. Four hundred and eight individuals participated in this survey, 72 (17.6%) were Brazilian, and 336 (82.4%) Ecuadorian. The participants' ages were between 18 and 59 years old; 360 (88.2%) participants were willing to donate an organ, whereas only 300 (73.5%) agreed to give their consent to donate their deceased family member's organs (p < 0.001), and 48 (11.8%) of those people were not willing to have a donor identification (p <0.001). Concerning knowledge about brain death, 320 (78.4%) will consider that the heart will continue beating and 306 (75%) affirm that people who are brain dead will remain in a coma; 359 (88%) people received information on transplants and organ donations through television, social networks, and printed newspapers. Based on the results of this research and by analyzing them, we can conclude that there is a great willingness of the studied population to become an organ donor and to receive more information on this topic.

The current land transport expansion patterns no longer sustainable. The growth that results from the demand for private mobility has substantially increased greenhouse gas emissions – GHG and its associated complications: environmental acoustic pollution and vehicular congestion; these permutations which affect air quality, also increase climate changes resulting of the precision of optimization measures and promotions measures and promotion of transport modalities that converge to sustainability and sustainability, to the detriment of pollution promoted mostly by non-combusted particulate material. Clean and efficient transport technologies converge to a latent need to promote responsible energy consumption and forge a sustainable future .Alarming figures of pollution are reported worldwide, so this study derived from the design, construction and commissioning of a rear-wheel electric bicycle prototype, powered by a Ion-Lithium battery system, forges a zero emission alternative which, in addition, integrates a self- sustain solar photovoltaic charging station that produces the radiation from the solar resource for energy storage in a battery bank prepared to supply the energy demand for mobility, replacing conventional private transport. The results consistent with the technical dimensioning, reflect an optimal performance in terms of speed, autonomy and efficiency with a bicycle capable of generating ascending force on slopes and moving through irregular terrain with great power. An alternative that converges towards a technological maturity regarding electric mobility for the sake of sustainable development.

All patrimonial monuments of Ecuador should have a formal record: both graphic and photographic, textual and informative of their origin, construction and current state. To achieve this, it is necessary to carry out an architectural survey and rilievo. There is a big difference between these two concepts: the survey describes the physical aspects of the monument, through the taking of measurements, while the rilievo defines the building non-material aspects that help to understand its origin, geometry, shapes, symbolism and styles involved. This article reveals, through the architectural survey and rilievo, as part of the research methodology, the shape, geometry, dimensions, symbolism and styles of the main church of Zaruma’s main facade (Sanctuary of the Virgen del Carmen, located in the upper part of the province of El Oro, Ecuador, whose construction dates from 1912). This record will be very useful for the conservation and restoration of the patrimonial good in the event of an accident or deterioration due to time, and thus eventually be recovered in its original form.

A natural clay (NC) mostly identified for quartz, muscovite y montmorillonite is modified by means of ionic exchange to the C-FeMn y C-FeMnAl forms for the phosphate adsorption from aqueous solutions. The mineralogical composition of modified clays determines the formation of new mineralogical phases which are functional groups that improves the phosphate sorption capacity. The maximum sorption capacity is reported at 34.8 mg y 18.2 mg P-PO43-/g for C-FeMn y C-FeMnAl, respectively. The phosphate adsorption is highly influence by the pH of the work solution, so some sorption mechanisms are associated which is validate by the Langmuir isotherm model and intraparticular diffusion kinetic model. First a fast adsorption phase is associated with electrostatic attraction which is followed by a second slow adsorption phase due to the chemical complexation reactions. The phosphate desorption from C-FeMn y C-FeMnAl forms was 20 % which corresponds to the phosphorous labile fraction. C-FeMn y C-FeMnAl can be used for wastewater treatment however their limited use for phosphate sorption – desorption cycles evidence they can be evaluated amendment materials for soils.

The  objective  of  this  article  was  to  describe,  from  the  legal  and  philosophical  perspective,  the environmental profile of the Ecuadorian Constitution of 2008, based on the coexistence of the right to live in a healthy environment and the rights of nature, which explains the fertile relationship between the anthropocentric and biocentric vision in the national law area. The importance of this work lies both in the value of the coexistence of both worldviews, and in the claim of our sense of environmental responsibility. Because the ability to amend our actions against nature derives, precisely, from the place we occupy in life. This relevant and intelligent anthropocentrism is currently essential in the field of action and reflection on our relationship with the environment. Indeed, this is the environmental perspective of the Constitution of Ecuador, which is expanded with the inclusion of the rights of nature and the value of biodiversity.

Through the years, we have been witnesses of multiple problems associated with the processes of dispossession in the countries of Latin America and the world; generated by the overwhelming force of the large companies that live off extractive activities. Problems that in many times, not only begin at the moment of creating and implanting a factory to make money in the territory, modifying and destroying it, rather issues occur with the different dynamics that produce in their development, process of operation and subsequent decline or closure. That is why, the article look for showing one of the hardest experiences that a social system may go through, like the extractive product activities in a company town model; in this study, the implemented in Lota Alto-Chile in the mid-nineteenth century, this case will be analyzed from a critical socio-spatial dimension, where the miners and their families are the main protagonists.

Heritage Studies recognize that the empowerment of the community, owner of the heritage, is one of the main actions that lead to its conservation and preservation. Due to its geographical, historical and social characteristics, it is possible to create a dynamic in the Mérida city, between the enhancement of the heritage assets and the tourist activities developed in it, producing a synergy between the actors, as established by the Cultural Tourism Charter of ICOMOS (1999). Through cultural routes, as a tourism proposal, heritage can be exalted, becoming a product that is known, assessed and preserved, generating interest in the tourist and the inhabitants. In order to accomplish a cultural route that is more than the commercialization of spaces, it is necessary to establish an inventory of the different architectonic patrimonial assets, identifying their characteristics and values, cataloging the patrimonial elements in different conducting threads. Thus, the creation of cultural routes under different themes will create a synergy between existing tourism and heritage, as well as educate the population starting at school age, and ensure the active participation of the inhabitants in the preservation of its heritage.

This research has been carried out to find ways to make learning the Kichwa language more dynamic and effective in a sector of the Imbabura province. In the first phase of the investigation, the conditions under which Kichwa is taught in two intercultural bilingual institutions (Kichwa-Spanish) were inquired into, where relevant quantitative data such as the difference in Kichwa dialects were obtained, between the teaching text and the mother tongue used by teachers and students of Kichwa in the sector, which causes their disagreement. Furthermore, it was considered pertinent to execute various qualitative techniques such as the Focus Group and the Discussion Groups, to achieve, through this methodological triangulation, contrasted results regarding the “methodological strategies for teaching this ancient language” (original subject of the research) in the bilingual intercultural educational system. Already in practice, in the focus group, (vocalized in Kichwa 80% -Spanish 20%) in which various cultural actors, Kichwa activists and expert authorities in the area, convened on the occasion of the International Year of Indigenous Languages, promoted by the United Nations, presented experiences, points of view and suggestions that answered two specific questions; the first on the status or prestige of ancestral languages, and the second on the state of language in the educational curriculum. At a later time, round tables or discussion groups were formed to talk about interculturality as a concept, involving and regulating everything previously stated, sealed with the signing of a manifesto, with the commitment to continue working to find the best strategies for teaching Kichwa. Once the results obtained have been analyzed, it is concluded that it is necessary and urgent to design a methodological proposal, in order to optimize the strengths suggested in the GF and the GD. In this way, the role of the academy and the need to create spaces for dialogue and debate for the preservation of ancestral languages are recognized.

The general objective of this article is to establish the relationship between the reflection of the university teacher and the strengthening of complex thinking in students of the master's degree in higher education. The idea emerges, if the teacher's reflection is based on being, doing and undertaking knowledge, thus allowing teachers to providemetacognitive tools to develop the complexity of thinking. Therefore, this research unfolds on the episteme of various authors who allowed to theoretically support this compendium. In this regard the research is built under the positivist paradigm, with a quantitative and correlational approach, since they have the purpose of measuring the relationship degree that It exists between two or more variables, in the same way a non-experimental design is applied cross-field transactional. The population was made up of 45 students of the master's degree in Higher Teaching of the Higher Institution of Administration and Education, ISAE University. For data collection, the questionnaire was applied as an instrument directed to the sample study. The methodology for data processing was descriptive statistics, through the distribution of frequencies considering the absolute and the relative. The correlation was carried out through Pearson's formula, resulting in a moderately positive correlation between the variables reflection of the university professor and complex thinking. It was concluded that university teachers possess and handle holistic and comprehensive knowledge from being to undertaking, however, it was considered pertinent to suggest less traditional activities or actions for this, the knowledge generated reaches the students in a meaningful way and these activate the complexity of the thinking in scientific production within the master's program.