Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Nanotechnology is used to generate new nanometric structures. The objective of this research was to develop the formation of a nanopigment using the carotenoid dyes from Achiote (Bixa Orellana) to optimize molecular compaction in 100% wool tissue. For the formation of the nanopigment, 10g of nanoclays were used: Trimethyl stearyl ammonium or Montmorillonite, K10, Halloysite and Bentonite hydrated separately in 2L of deionized water. The concentration was 0.005 g / L; then, with the achiote extracts previously separated with sodium and potassium hydroxide, a solution of 10g of solid pigment and 10g of liquid dye was made separately in 1L of demineralized water: the concentration was 0.01 g / L. The mixing for the cationic exchange between the nanoclay and the pigment is carried out at a ratio of ¼, that is, 100 ml of nanoclay in 400 ml of solid pigment. The same was done with the liquid dye; With the nanopigment formed, 17 wool tissue samples were dyed. The method used is the experimental one; the analysis used color measurement with a spectrophotometer; fastness to washing, loading and unloading to rubbing is assessed; the ultraviolet protection factor UPF of the tissue is evaluated. The Cie94 Delta-E color fastness shows significant color changes. Regarding washing and rubbing, they show differences mostly on a 5/4 scale (excellent / very good) and minimal (between medium / low) 3/2; In addition, the results of the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry measurements of the UVA sun protection factor were low in wool, therefore it was concluded that it has greater protection from ultraviolet rays: this could represent less damage to the skin.

An approach was developed for evaluating environmental conditions in relation to anthropogenic activities, considering the biophysical environment from its complex functionality for urban planning. This approach was applied for the realization of the Local Urban Development Plan (PDUL) of Barinas city in Venezuela. The functional approach assumes that the biophysical environment is not an inert, but rather a dynamic system, which fulfills functionalities in different perspectives: as a main source of natural resources, as physical support for productive activities, and as waste storage space, which together impact the urban development of the current and future city. When the operating logic of the biophysical system is exceeded due to a socio-economic demand, it produces environmental problems like: water, soil and air pollution, loss of biodiversity, erosion and others can be generated, hindering the land development process. By respecting the functioning of the biophysical environment, its carrying capacity, it will be possible to guarantee the quality of life for the population, and transition towards sustainability. The paper describes how to evaluate each functionality in order to identify problems and to guide urban planning strategies and actions.

In the present investigation, the violation of the constitutional rights of nature or Pacha Mama was analyzed, due to the lack of effective judicial protection in a case of illegal mining carried out in the Protected Forest of Los Cedros - Ecuador. Specifically, an analysis is made of what corresponds to the parties’ requests and the Court’s motivation of the Provincial Court of Justice regarding the knowledge of case No. 10332-2018-00640, as a controversy presented by the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the “Canton Santa Ana de Cotacachi” against the Ministry of Environment and Waters, Office of the State Attorney General and National Mining Company of Ecuador, for the events transpired in the Los Cedros Protected Forest.

In 2017, Ecuador registered 11,678 people with some type of trauma in their elbows and forearms. Although there are elbow re-habilitation devices available in the national market distributed by commercial companies, they are all imported products with high acquisition and maintenance costs. This investigation presents a conceptual design of a 3D printed dynamic elbow rehabilitator (motor input executed by the user), to achieve a progressive rehabilitation without medical supervision. This includes first the capture of images to obtain dimensions, accompanied by the unique geometric topologies that the individual possesses, in addition to the classic restrictions for the design of biomechanical devices, such as: mechanisms, loads, shape, cost, and material. Subsequently, the design performs a kinematic and resistance analysis of materials using CAD-CAE programs that serve to simulate and define the geometry and materials of the device based on a mechanism. Thus, a unique device is obtained that allows to perform flexo-ex-tension movements from 0 ° to 90 ° that covers all the phases of rehabilitation of the elbow.

Teaching writing to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students revolves around developing a linguistic and communicative competence. Resultantly, English teachers generally face pedagogical difficulties, which have resulted in teaching challenges. This exploratory study seeks to identify the obstacles that Ecuadorian teachers face when teaching Writing to university students. according structured interviews, data was collected from ten English teachers working in different public universities in Ecuador. Through a descriptive analysis, the researchers were able to identify students and teachers-related factors that make teaching writing challenging for teachers. The students-related factors include English  language competency, Spanish language interference, and students’ lack of motivation to write in English, whereas the teacher-related factors include the teaching practices.  Furthermore, this research results can help teachers and to improve the writing teaching administrators of writing in their respective institutions.

Frente a la problemática presente en el desempeño escrito de los estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos, este estudio pretende estimar el grado de desarrollo de competencias escriturales propias de los géneros discursivos académicos. El diseño del estudio es descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 58 escritos de estudiantes de una universidad pública ecuatoriana. Estos escritos son analizados a través de la estructuración de una rúbrica con criterios de valoración que se consideran fundamentales en la redacción académica. El estudio revela un nivel escritural bajo, lo que permite concluir que los estudiantes no han sido alfabetizados académicamente, situación que involucra la figura docente.

ECLAC, through its postulates, establishes ideals that manage to promote the change of the productive matrix, allowing the economic growth of developing countries ,this is how Ecuador, through political and commercial instruments, began the transformation of the productive sector, where the National Plan, the Agenda for Productive Transformation,the Industrial Policy and Strategies, establish guidelines that contribute to prioritized sectors with incentives of a commercial, financial, promotional, productive and tax nature, that It encourages the textile industry and promote an adequate change in the productive matrix. The national textile industry is important in the economic sector because it generates employment, It is the second manufacturing industry that It provides innovation and has high added value. At the level of Imbabura Province, Antonio Ante canton has been selected as a case study, as it represents a cultural textile history, with the objective of establishing information on the structure and behavior that the sector has, with the involvement of the actors responsible for compliance, of what is established in the National Plan for Good Living from 2009 to 2013 and 2013 to 2017. The research addresses the application of policies states for the benefit of the productive textile sector and how the direct actors have known how to take advantage of these opportunities, or It is the sector that It continues to be the most vulnerable.

This analysis is based on a thorough investigation into the jurisdictional criminal profile proceedings against Jesus Christ, plagued by iniquities, malignancies, elucidated in two antagonistic judgments: one, the "Religious Judgment" or Jew before the Sanhedrin and the "Political Judgment" before Pontius Pilate, of Roman power, and subjected to asummary and laconic judgment. If we make a retrospective procedural legal vision of the trial of Jesus Christ by the Jewish authorities, ab initio, and later by the Roman iurisdictio, in the light of the new Ecuadorian Integral Criminal Organic Code (2014), of a guarantee, accusatory court, of transversal orality and adversarial, it must be asserted, withall conviction, that It did not refer to the minimum international standards of the constitutional due process guarantee , effective jurisdictional protection and the unrestricted respect for the right to defense by a lawyer of his free choice or of the Attorney General's Office of the State. By virtue of the analytical-synthetic and dialectical method, comparedto the descriptive exploratory scope inclined to accurately show the angles or dimensions of the most famous criminal trial of humanity, the investigation contains the condemnation of an innocent person to death for a political crime the "Sedition", which Jesus did not perpetrate. Such a condemnation repealed the one decreed by the  Sanhedrin, that is to say, that of “Blasphemy” which made it consist of the fact that Jesus repealed the endowment of being a son of God, injurious at the beginning –non bis in idem–, among other flagrant procedural violations, in which the inconsistency of the form can only be matched by the iniquity of the fund.

Job stress has been one of the most important issues to deal with in Latin American work environment, since it is a factor that affects an influence on the performance of workers, and, as regards the product or service that every institution provides the public. For this reason, institutions must maintain an optimal work environment for their properfunctioning. Specifically, in the MTOP, being the main institution in charge of preparing the Ecuadorian public works, it is crucial to maintain a correct work environment, so that its workers enjoy optimal mental health in the same way. For them, the research sought to evaluate the levels of occupational stress present in the workers of the institution, forthis, the Hock Psychosomatic Problems Questionnaire can be analyzed, which allows to establish quickly and effectively the levels of stress present in the population, which was made up of 63 workers, of whom 68% of the sample presented stress levels, among which only 6% maintained medium-level stress. On the other hand, it was possible toshow that factors such as being married, having children and maintaining symptoms related to anxiety or depression they are predisposing variables or predictors of the presence of work stress.

Territorial Planning analyzes the territory in a binding, global and comprehensive way, both locally and regionally, it is presented as an opportunity to generate public policies aimed at mitigating disaster risks and adapting to climate change, among other elements In the Montecristi canton, studies are aimed at understanding multilinear threats andsocio-natural risks. An integrated methodology is proposed that involves the geomechanical study of the urban land, the hydroclimatic variables and the seismic conditions of the canton, following the the National Secretariat protocol for Risk and Emergency Management, as well as the regulations of Planifica Ecuador, with the objective to guide thestructuring component of the development plan and territorial ordering of the Montecristi canton. By virtue of the results, the canton has been recognized as an area very sustheceptible to floods and seismic threats.