Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study is deals with production of sugarcane by small farmers who work in the Catamayo canton of the Loja province in southern Ecuador. The objective was to evaluate their financial performance through real costs, total income to know the profitability of the sugar cane production that It generates for small sugarcane producers under two modesof production on their own and in co-production. The profitability was evaluated based on costs and expenses by the two farmers production methods of the sector.Additionally, financial indicators were applied obtaining the returns generated by this agricultural activity. NPV of $ 7 762.75 was determined in the own-account production mode, and an IRR of 68% was obtained, while in the case of co-production it generated an NPV of $ 4 693.78, and an IRR of 55%. Therefore, based on these results, the alternative of producing on their own for sugar cane farmers is notably higher in profitability.

The functional study seeds traits allows us to increase our knowledge about the morphology and reproductive biology in tropical environments. However, seeds traits in forest plants have been poorly evaluated. The objective of this work was to determine the variation in seeds number per fruit in 156 woody species distributed in different habitats of Ecuador. For that, between five and ten fruits were collected from five individuals per species. The seeds number obtained in the fruits was extracted and quantified and it was related to the fruit type, habit, and species. The results showed that the species present from one to more than 400 seeds per fruit. However, the tendency of 57% of woody species is to produce less than 10 seeds per fruit. This trait showed a greater range of variation in the amount of seeds per fruit between the wet and dry forest species. However, there is not significant differences they were evidenced with the fruit type and species habit.

Mental disorder, throughout history, It has been considered a point of worthlessness for those who undergo even though that who committed a misdeed. In the past, the mentally ill, was separated from those who were considered healthy, there was a rift between normal and not normal people, currently with the new paradigm of criminal law it has been opt for treating to these people according to their condition and capacity, providing them specific guarantees. This analysis documental research was carried out to different conceptual positions regarding to mental disorder in the field of criminal law, it also refers to certain measures with particular features of this type of crimes committed by people suffering a mental disorder

Background: the evaluation is one of the most used terms in public health; it is a systematic and objective appreciation of a project, a program in course or finished, of its design, its implementation and its results. It is an essential tool in the development of health policies. Objective: to facilitate a tool for the evaluation of the community participation component in the National Prevention and Control Program of Human Leptospirosis at the level of Primary Health Assistance. Methods: a development research was done and it permitted the creation of a guide to formulate value judgments from the comparison of the results according to the established standards. For obtaining the information, it was reviewed program, for the selection normative criteria. A nominal group of managers of Hermanos Cruz University Polyclinic was carried out to know the problems that affected the process of promotion and prevention counting on community participation, related to leptospirosis. A survey, and interviews were made in order to know: criteria satisfaction degree, indicators, standards of structure, process and results to evaluate the component of community participation. A workshop and group discussions were made to make a consensus based of the expert criteria, for the making of the criteria, indicators and standards of the different dimensions. Results: the guide proposed had 34 criteria, indicators and standards to evaluate the different dimensions, in structure facilities with available doctors and nurses to execute the program were taken into account, in the process it was proponed the integration level of the institutions and organisms, as well as the upgrading activities for the health teams, community and organisms. For the result, satisfaction of internal and external users, as well as the decrease of morbidity and mortality indicators by leptospirosis was also valuated. Conclusions: the guide offered permits the evaluation of the community participation component in the national prevention and control program of human leptospirosis at the level of primary health. DeCS: LEPTOSPIROSIS/prevention&control; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; HEALTH PROGRAMS AND PLANS; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; PROGRAM EVALUATION.

Fundamento: los tumores del urotelio se originan a partir del epitelio de revestimiento mucoso de tipo transicional y constituyen la casi totalidad de los tumores de las vías excretoras, altos. El adenocarcinoma primario de las vías urinarias, son extremadamente infrecuentes y suelen tener un comportamiento agresivo, con un pronóstico sombrío. Objetivo: exponer la forma de presentación de un paciente con carcinoma urotelial mostrando algunas características de los mismos. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 70 años de edad, jubilado, fumador inveterado y con antecedentes de ingerir café en grandes cantidades, acudió a consulta por hematuria macroscópica, dolor lumbar, a veces fijo, otras veces en forma de cólicos ureterales y fiebre de 39 grados. El estudio analítico solo mostró velocidad de deshidrogenasa láctica alterados. El estudio imagenológico con ecografía mostró hidronefrosis e ilio derecho agrandado con imagen heterogénea de 2 cm en el riñón, a nivel de la unión uretero pélvica, lo cual fue corroborado por la tomografía axial computarizada. El resto de los exámenes como endoscopia, colonoscopía, cistoscopia y de diferentes regiones fueron todos negativos. Se practicó nefroureterectomía derecha, encontrándose el paciente asintomático. Conclusiones: los tumores del urotelio superior son neoplasias infrecuentes, en las vías urinarias se debe descartar un origen extraurológicos. El diagnóstico diferencial debe de realizarse con el tumor de células renales o el de vejiga. DeCS: UROTELIO/diagnóstico por imagen; UROTELIO/patología; CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS RENALES/diagnóstico; NEOPLASIAS DE LA VEJIGA URINARIA/diagnóstico; NEFROURETERECTOMÍA/métodos.

Background: in recent years, the use of alternative medicine as a treatment for different diseases has increased. It is considered that a great percentage of people belonging to less developed communities use alternative medicine for health care. Objective: to determine the use of non-conventional treatment in diabetic patients. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional study was used to a group of patients belonging to a diabetic club at Centro Clínico Quirúrgico Hospital del Día Santo Domingo from June 5th to July 31st, 2018. The population was composed of 1300 persons. Survey was used as research instrument and was applied to the sample of 100 persons. Results: there was predominance of the female gender. The majority used non-conventional medication for family practices. Phytotherapy was identified as the most employed and known alternative therapy used by diabetic patients. The medicinal plants used primarily was Insulina (Costus igneus) and Zarzgoza (Glycyrrhizaglabra). Conclusions: it was found that the diabetic population used non-conventional medicine for the treatment of illness and in some occasions, it was recommended by the physician although no adverse effects were reported. Phytotherapy and acupuncture were the most used procedures. DeCS: MEDICINE, TRADITIONAL; DIABETES MELLITUS/therapy; PHYTOTHERAPY; ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

Background: : the lack of references to crises similar to COVID-19 pandemic in the past makes difficult to predict what may happen in the immediate future. Logically, the present effects are easily documented, but those that will leave their mark on the different actors in the medium and long term are subject to more debate. Objective: to analyze the behavior of this pandemic in the Cuban region centered on the month of April, showing the best direction to follow when making decisions. Methods: a mathematical model was designed based on the impact of the effectiveness of the measures in the face of this pandemic based on the polynomial functions of confirmed cases and the cases recovered in the territory during the month of April. Results: the current and future behavior of the effectiveness of the treatment in the face of this pandemic is showed, allowing decisions to be made in the short and long term, taking into account these variables. Conclusions: the effectiveness function was obtained based on the functions of confirmed cases and daily recovered cases, showing that improvements are expected in the confrontation of the pandemic with extreme discipline, which allows the territory to establish an improvement strategy based on an action plan. DeCS: PANDEMICS/prevention&control; CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS/transmission; CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS/epidemiology; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE.

Background: the assessment of the current status and progression of gonarthrosis needs both clinical and imaging methods, the last ones require from medical personnel training, more time and acquaintance with digital technology. Objective: to describe two methods to measure the tibiofemoral space in patients suffering knee osteoarthritis. Methods: the information search and analysis was carried out from November 1 to December 26, 2018. The search terms in PubMed, Medline, Hinari and Scielo databases using the EndNote software were: tibiofemoral space measure AND knee osteoarthritis, knee joint space narrowing AND knee osteoarthritis, and knee joint space width. A total of 272 articles were obtained, from which we selected 31, 27 of them from the last five years. Results: here we show that measuring methods of the tibiofemoral space can be done with plain radiographies and digital ones, and also the radiographic image for the assessment, grading and analysis of the tibiofemoral joint space. We described two methods of measurement step by step. Conclusions: the tibiofemoral space measurement is important to establish the status of patients with gonarthrosis, and to evaluate by means of imagenology the outcome of conservative and surgical treatments of the disease. DeCS: OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE/diagnostic imaging; OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE/surgery; FEMUR/anatomy&histology; TIBIA/anatomy&histology; RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE ENHANCEMENT.

Background: basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent skin cancer. The treatment of choice is surgical, but there are other therapies. HeberFERON is a pharmaceutical formulation containing a mixture of interpheron alpha2b and IFN-Y in synergistic proportions of anti-tumor activity. Objective: to characterize patients with basal cell carcinoma treated with HeberFeron. Methods: a transversal, observational, descriptive study was carried out in which 22 patients were clinically and histologically diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma, who attended a Dermatology consultation at the University Hospital "Manuel Ascunce Domenech", Camagüey, Cuba. 3.5 million IU of HeberFeron, was administered, near the lesion, three times a week on alternate days for three weeks, followed biweekly for 13 weeks, with final evaluation at week 16. The variables studied were: sex, skin photo-type, tumor site, size of lesions, clinical subtype, occupation, clinical response, cosmetic effect and adverse reactions. The information obtained was processed using the statistical package SPSS v21. The methods used were descriptive statistics with distribution of absolute and relative frequencies. The results were presented in tables and graphs. Results: male sex, cutaneous photo-type III, predominated in more than half of the patients. Face lesions predominated in more than four fifths of them, and almost two thirds measured less than two centimeters. The nodular clinical subtype prevailed in half of these, just like workers exposed to the sun. All had a favorable clinical response, with a complete response in two thirds, and partial in a third, as well as an acceptable cosmetic effect. Most presented chills as an adverse reaction, followed by fever. Conclusions: the HeberFERON was an effective and safe medicine to treat basal cell carcinoma, and offer an alternative in patients who cannot be operated on. DeCS: INTERFERON ALPHA-2/therapeutic use; CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL /surgery; CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL/drug therapy; NEOPLASMS, BASAL CELL/drug therapy; IMMUNOMODULATION/drug effects.

Background: benign rectal diseases are very frequent in the usual medical practice at all levels of health care, but especially in specialized services. Within these processes it is recognized that Anal Fissure is one of the most common. In Cuba, they represent approximately 30-35 % of consultations and interventions in the services of Coloproctology. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of closed subcutaneous internal lateral sphyncterotomy in patients with chronic anal fissure diagnosis. Methods: a descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was performed in patients with chronic anal fissure diagnosis, assisted in the services of proctology of the Teaching Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech from September 2016 to September 2017. The universe consisted of the 132 adult patients who came to the Coloproctology service of this institution with the diagnosis of chronic anal fissure. A validated survey was applied to all patients, based on expert criteria, with prior informed consent. Results: in the investigation there was a high incidence of chronic anal fissure in the age group of 40 to 49 years and in the female sex; the predominant symptomatology was pain, followed by rectal bleeding, located in the posterior area, with an evaluation at the end of the curing treatment. Conclusions: the effectiveness of closed internal lateral sphyncterotomy is given because this technique has few adverse reactions and referral to other treatments. DeCS: LATERAL INTERNAL SPHINCTEROTOMY/adverse effects; FISSURE IN ANO/surgery; FISSURE IN ANO/diagnosis; FISSURE IN ANO /epidemiology; EPIDEMIOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE.