Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect of the enamel that affects one or more definitive first molars, with or without commitment of the permanent incisors. The global prevalence of MIH ranges from 2.4% to 40% and, in South America, its average is 12.3%. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in schoolchildren between 9 and 12 years old through visual exploration. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and qualitative study. 300 children from 9 to 12 years of age, who attended two schools in Quito, Ecuador, between February and March 2018, participated. They were examined by a calibrated operator. The diagnosis was established according to the criteria of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and its severity according to Mathu - Muju and Wright criteria. The prevalence found was 13.7%. There is no association between the presence of HIM and the gender of the children. The majority of cases occurred in 10-year-old schoolchildren. The dental units most affected qualitatively and quantitatively were the first upper permanent molars. The dental units less affected qualitatively and quantitatively were the lower permanent lateral incisors.

Dentro de la cirugía maxilofacial existen lesiones, traumatismos y patologías que dejan grandes defectos, se debe realizar un análisis exhaustivo para poder tomar una decisión de tratamiento, los colgajos microvascularizados son la mejor opción para poder reestablecer función y estética al paciente mejorando su calidad de vida. El colgajo microvascular de peroné resulta indicado ya que nos proporciona todos los factores necesarios para poder colocar los implantes dentales con un éxito predecible a largo plazo y fabricar prótesis de excelente calidad que brinde estabilidad a pesar de que puedan existir complicaciones. En este estudio se presentan 12 pacientes que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente para resección tumoral y se realizó en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico un colgajo libre microvascularizado de peroné, a los 9 meses se colocaron implantes, su longitud fue elegida a base de estudios imagenologicos para lograr un anclaje bicortical y obtener mayor estabilidad.

Abstract   The worldwide main cause of dental loss in children and adults is tooth decay, it has a multifactorial origin. Objective: To identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the presence of dental caries in school-age children in Mangahuantag, Ecuador. Materials and Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional observational study applying oral physical examination and a validated sociodemographic survey, during the oral health school care conducted by the local health center, between January and July 2019. Results: Children examined 126, caries prevalence 61.1%. 270 caries detected in temporary teeth. The ceo index reached 3.35, listed as moderate. The CPOD value was 1.01, considered very low index. Conclusion: Without recognizing the caries determining agents, adequate and effective prevention and treatment cannot be provided. Self-perception of oral health stands out as a factor susceptible to a change in hygienic and nutritional behavior.   

Diabetes in the geriatric population is a very frequent chronic condition, which can interact or cause various geriatric syndromes;the elderly adult diabetic is a problem of great sanitary importance, justified by its high prevalence, the difficulties for diagnosis, treatment and education, make it require a comprehensive evaluation of their physical condition and functional capacity, as acute and chronic complications  they are more frequent and serious;  the general dentist must be able to provide ambulatory care to healthy, at-risk, sick and sequelae people;  as is diabetes in elderly adults that presents particularities in dental care. Therefore, this study was proposed whose objective was to identify the most frequent oral alterations in elderly adults and diabetic, the design was observational descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective in which 105 patients from 58 to 65 years old participated, it has been observed that majority of  the patients presented with cavities and periodontal disease, among the most frequent signs and symptoms, sensitivity and dental mobility were observed.  The highest percentage of caries and periodontitis was observed in men

ABSTRACT Early treatment of malocclusion Class III returns harmony and functionality to the stomatognathic system by simplifying more complex corrective procedures. This type of treatment is important to provide the necessary conditions for growth and development of both the maxilla and jaw, making them become harmonious and thus avoiding unfavorable complications. This case exposes a 6-year-old female patient treated at the San Francisco de Quito University clinic. The patient presented class III malocclusion; her representative indicated that the patient possesses a class III hereditary pattern of her paternal family. The present case shows the use of Scheler's arch as a treatment option for this type of malocclusion in primary dentition after a precise diagnosis.   Key words: Early treatment, malocclusion Class III, Scheler's Arch

Cat scratch disease is an uncommon infection caused by Bartonella Henselae bacteria. It has a reported incidence of 9.3 cases per 100 000 individuals and occurs in 80% of children aged between 2 and 14 years with a higher prevalence in men. The typical presentation of the disease is presented as cutaneous nodules at the site of inoculation with regional lymphoadenitis as well as nonspecific symptoms such as fever, malaise, headache among others. It is produced through a scratch or only by contact with an infected animal and the infecting microorganism is transported by macrophages from the site of inoculation to the lymph nodes. The gold standard in the diagnosis of this condition is an extensive clinical history and serological tests revealing high levels of IgM and IgG antibodies, so the objective of this study is to present a rare case of cat scratch disease in a female patient 9 years old who presented bilateral preauricular lymphadenopathy. In addition, a systematic review of the available literature was carried out in order to determine and describe the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, available treatment and prognosis of this disease.

Abstract   Partial ankyloglossia is defined as a limitation of the possibilities of protrusion and elevation of the tip of the tongue due to a short lingual frenum. The objective of this article is to report the case of incomplete ankyloglossia of a pediatric patient of 8 years of age, which presents problems in the articulation of words. The patient's mother mentions that the child received language therapy at his school without showing improvement, so he was referred for dental care. The diagnosis was made successfully, where the ankyloglossia was confirmed and it was decided to perform frenectomy, it is recommended to continue with the language therapy.   Key words: Ankyloglossia, lingual frenulum, frenectomy.

The creative economy is considered as the generation of wealth based on talent, intellectual property, connectivity and culture in a country, elements that are underpinned from innovation and the use of technology. Creative activities would contribute more than two billion dollars annually to the world economy. This study aims to know the trends of business administration students to implement creative projects, it also tries to identify those support elements that should come from both the academy and the State towards the development of this sector. The descriptive exploratory method was used, a case study in the Faculty of Administrative Sciences of the Central University of Ecuador, applying surveys to students of the last levels belonging to their three careers. The questionnaire was based on the activities of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) sectoral classification of creative industries. Among the results, it is mentioned that the students tend towards the implementation of advertising service projects, those related to R&D activities and handicrafts. The support elements that are needed by the students of this branch are training in intellectual property, seed capital, technical assistance in prototype design, and appropriate State policies.

This document aims to reflect on the proposal of Active Learning Methodologies, based on socio-constructivism. This implementation proposes a turn in the methodological process of teaching, therefore, the change towards a much more friendly school, which proposes a formative approach towards solving problems in everyday life. Although this proposal is not new, however, under the confinement situation and the imposition of virtual education, its application in the teaching-learning processes is crucial. In this manuscript, it was necessary to contextualize the Ecuadorian educational reality through the time of pandemic and confinement in homes, as this situation demanded strategic changes in the educational field. Thus, it is intended to propose methodological transformation actions while the educational process continues to be standardized in virtuality and later in the same way, because at the time of collation of the information, it was necessary to prioritize those relevant data that appear constantly, which They range from the state of the educational processes at the state school level to both public and private universities. Coming to the conclusion that those who are in charge of the educational management of the various private and public educational centers opt for more friendly methodological proposals.

The international organizations are the spaces that decentralize the international system, also provide order, improve communication channels, and reduce the possibility of conflict between States. This work focuses on commercial institutions, specifically in the free trade agreements, and the way in which they generate changes both internationally and domestically in the economic policies of States. The objective of this study is to determine the effects that the multiparty trade agreement signed by Ecuador and the European Union has generated on a sensitive productive sector in Ecuador such as the dairy industry. In this way, the institutionalization process of the commercial agreement was studied by means of documentation. Considering in a special way the strategies proposed for the implementation of the agreement by the Ecuadorian government and the participation of the representatives of small industries in the negotiation roundtables. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis was carried out to analyse the number of imports in the periods before and after the trade agreement. In this way, by means of a triangulation between the theory, the case study, and the empirical results, it was possible to demonstrate that civil society and business groups exert a high level of influence on government decisions. In turn, it is concluded that the effects generated by the agreement on small dairy producers materialize in the reduction of the price of their products, which has resulted in the abandonment of the activity.