Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The continuous transformations of the conditions of the international markets represent a permanent challenge for the companies, testing their capacity to respond and the adaptation to the new scenarios. In face of the premise of complying with the demanding normative and provide confidence to consumers, the exporting companies have adopted certifications of different nature, as a strategy to defend their sustainability in fast-changing markets. This labor aims to analyze the certifications with the greatest contribution to the competitiveness of Ecuadorian exporting companies. The analysis focuses on five products of the agricultural sector. The analytical-synthetic theoretical method has been used, in addition of the bibliographic review of articles of scientific journals and documents of official organizations. Among the main results it stands out that the most used certifications are those related to the ambit of quality, food security, organic production and social responsibility, as a way of ensuring their processes and project value in highly competitive markets.

The requirements of the markets reflected in strict regulations of environmental care, added to the growing awareness of individuals and governments, has forced organizations to become major players in environmental care through the application of reverse logistics. This paper aims to analyze reverse logistics as a strategy to differentiate exporting companies to compete in dynamic markets through the review of research papers by other authors who have specifically studied the implementation of reverse logistics in companies. A qualitative approach is applied using theoretical methods: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive. Among the results it is noted that companies that have applied reverse logistics have improved their competitiveness by reducing costs, reflecting credibility in the market for their efforts to minimize the environmental footprint. It is concluded that the application of the practices covered by reverse logistics increases the possibilities of differentiation from the competition because they generate confidence and safety to the consumers..

The general objective of the research was to find the correlation between soft skills and teaching performance at the Norbert Wiener University Graduate School. The methodology used was in the quantitative approach, non-experimental transversal type, relational level, correlational descriptive method. The results obtained prove a direct and significant relationship (d = 0.601) between soft skills and teacher performance, being able to generalize that those teachers who have developed soft skills are those who have better job performance. It was determined that the five soft skills assessed have a correlation with teacher performance, however, the ones with the greatest significant relationship with teacher performance are responsibility (d = 0.547), adaptability (d = 0.651) and effective management of the information (d = 0.552); while communication skills (d = 0.374) and the development of others (d = 0.477) show a positive average correlation. Taking into account that soft skills are responsible for at least 70% of work success (Goleman, 1998) and due to the strong correlation between both variables, it is essential to reformulate the process of teacher selection, as well as induction programs - Training with a view to including soft skills as a fundamental indicator to decide on a teacher hiring that guarantees an improvement in the level of their performance.  

One of the determining factors of failure and dropout in higher education is the lack of motivation, a large number of studies showed this, making it clear that many educational institutions fail to generate that special link between student enjoyment in the classroom and methodologies used in teaching practice. Given this need to achieve students with suitable levels of motivation, the research found in the “teacherpreneur” or entrepreneurship teacher, a teacher who based on his particular way to teach and preparation looking for that student forges a positive attitude in his future career and maintains constant interest. The experimental research and pre experimental design sought to show how positively a teacherpreneur influences in student motivation and for this purpose a pre-test and post-test was applied to a business school in Lima, Peru; before and after receiving classes with teacherpreneurs, in such a way that the initial levels of motivation were compared against the final ones and categorical results were obtained that demonstrate the significant degree of influence that a teacherpreneur exerts on the motivation of his students. That is why motivation is the driving axis that mobilizes all behavior.

The main objective of this study was to analyze the quality of service in the Metro Supermarket in Peru. The study was carried out under the qualitative approach, data collection was carried out through interviews with fifteen clients, with the respective interview guide consisting of five questions aligned to the subcategories called: tangibility, empathy, responsiveness, reliability, and security. The data were triangulated with the Atlas. Ti 8 software, the process involved coding, text identification according to codes, frequency determination, and networks. The results showed that the supermarket provides a quality service based on the friendliness, assistance, help, knowledge, trust, and familiarity of employees with customers. Likewise, within the company's policies, it involves training and recognition, their synergy, motivates the best performance of workers, and is perceived daily by customers.

This research formulated the objective of determining the influence of the application of investigative strategies in the abilities to develop research projects. The methodology corresponds to the studies of quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. There was a population of 145 students and a non-probabilistic sample distributed in an experimental group (Business Administration and International Business) 97, and a control group of 48 (Accounting). The survey technique was used to measure the variables and the questionnaire was used as an instrument, which was validated by expert judgment and the Kuder - Richardson reliability (0, 810 excellent reliability). In the descriptive statistics it was found that in the pretest of the skills to elaborate research projects, in the experimental group 82, 5% (80) have poor skills and in the control group 91, 7% (44) have skills deficient. In the post-test of the skills to elaborate research projects, it is observed that in the experimental group 52.6% (51) have good skills and that the control group 68.8% (33) have poor skills. The main conclusion is that the application of research strategies significantly influences the skills to develop research projects in students of the Faculty of Business Studies of the César Vallejo University, Ate, 2017. (In the Posttest: p <0.05, Z = - 9,431> - 1.96 and average range = 94.29> 29.97).

The measurement of economic growth, through its main indicator, the Gross Domestic Product, is essential for those responsible for the economic policy of a country. There are three different ways of calculating the Gross Domestic Product, one of them is the spending method that includes five important macroeconomic variables in its calculation. This research aims to quantify the incidence of each of these variables in the economic growth of Ecuador. For this, using the information corresponding to these variables for the period 1965-2018, the equation for the calculation of the Gross Domestic Product by the expenditure method was estimated, by means of a multiple linear regression by ordinary least squares, once it was statistically validated, the standardized coefficients of each macroeconomic variable involved in it were analyzed to assess how decisive it is for the Gross Domestic Product of Ecuador. It was shown that consumption is the variable that has the greatest weight to generate aggregate demand, followed by exports, conversely, investment is revealed as the macroeconomic variable that has the least impact on Ecuadorian economic growth. As fundamental conclusions, it was determined that consumption is the main determinant of economic growth in Ecuador, so that policies that reduce it directly affect economic growth, and it was also found that investment is the component that least impacts, which implies need to design policies that encourage it.

Sun and beach tourism continue to be of great worldwide importance as a motivator of tourist trips. The Ecuadorian Pacific coastal zone has a diversity of beaches with natural and cultural resources that motivates tourists. The increase in visitors, added to the saturation of tourist services and other components of the tourism system, can cause serious negative impacts, which means that coastal zone management should be oriented with sustainability criteria that guarantee the quality standards of the services and available resources. This research consisted of evaluating Chipipe beach in the city of Salinas in order to look for its certification supported by the parameters of the Ecuadorian standard INEN 2631. The methodology used was based on field work through observation techniques and direct information gathering from involved local actors. As a result, Chipipe beach applied for a class “C” certification according to the standard, complying with several indicators such as self-management, security, zoning and infrastructure. 

Making education a playful activity that motivates the student to build their own learning is a challenge for the educational community, however, gamification is a new technique that in the educational context improves meaningful learning in any field of knowledge. Therefore, the present research work demonstrates the theoretical benefits of gamification in a real learning process, the objective is to measure the achievement of learning in Natural Sciences in the ninth-year young boys of the School of Basic Education United Nations; before and after the use Kahoot and Plickers as part of the gamification, for which the ACRA Learning Strategies Scale rated on a Likert scale was applied. Through statistical analysis it was determined that there is a considerable increase in the learning strategies of students in Natural Sciences, so at the beginning the global mean of the test was 2.3 points and at the end of the week program the overall score was 3 ,5; In addition, through the T-student test, it can be concluded that gamification does positively influence the learning process of the students of said educational institute. In conclusion, gamification is an innovative pedagogical technique that combines the elements of the game so that the student internalizes knowledge and lives learning as a positive and satisfying experience.

The study analyzes Okun's law for Ecuador during 2007.I-2019.IV with two cointegration methodologies, the Johansen & Juselius (1990) method and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran & Shin (1995) and Pesaran, Shin & Smith (2001). The empirical results indicate that in the long term unemployment has a statistically significant negative effect on production. The cointegration analysis indicates that an additional percentage point in the unemployment rate decreases production by 2,06% in the case of the Johansen & Juselius (1990) approach and by 2,09% with the ARDL approach. The results indicate a bidirectional relationship between production and unemployment, and point out that when faced with fluctuations in the system, the effect on unemployment registers its maximum level in the fifth quarter, while the product reaches its maximum point in the third quarter. This suggests that policy makers should consider boosting production as a key strategy to combat unemployment and the high cost of unemployment in terms of output, and that the effects of policies that seek to promote the economy will be transmitted to the long of the time.