Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The focus group technique has been used by researchers in social and behavioral sciences for more than eighty years. However, amid a wide spectrum of information regarding focus groups, it is pertinent the need to have clear guidelines for its implementation in the social scope. In this scenario, the objective of this literature review aims at defining the theoretical principles and essential criteria regarding the focus groups to provide both students and researchers with the necessary tools required for the implementation of this technique, at the time of collecting data. This study is part of the descriptive bibliographic review type methodology. In this context, it is observed that the terms method and technique are used as synonyms, these being different in meaning, there is no consensus on the number of questions asked during the interview, and the number of participants should consist of six to ten collaborators.

This article presents, from a theoretical perspective, the integral management of design to address pedagogical practice by objectives and to encourage technological innovation in the development of projects that lead to innovative goods and services. Particularly, in Mexican academic scene it is convenient to work around the functions of the "Technology Management Model" that the National Technology and Innovation Award Foundation proposed since 2012. The qualitative analysis of theoretical explanations based on descriptive methodological principles was used to explain the analogy between the organization of the academy, pedagogical intervention and cognitive deduction in the field of "planning, monitoring, habilitation, protection and technological implementation". (FPNTI, 2016). The pedagogical interaction that is provoked with the integral management of design projects is the result that is expected in the professionalization of this field of study.

The implementation and application of Information and Communication Technologies in education still face many challenges; considered as tools that support the face-to-face in teaching-learning process, they offer excellent scenarios for their effectiveness and efficiency to improve the quality of higher education. The objective of this research is to analyze how the application of these technological tools in the classroom improves the average academic performance of the students who studied the subject of Financial Mathematics in the Business Administration course at the University of Guayaquil in the period academic 2018 – 2019 cycles I and II, for this, a descriptive analysis of two independent samples and an application of the Bayes’ rule were made. The results of this research conclude that students who access and apply technological tools in the classroom have better academic performance than those students who do not apply it.

This article reports the experience of a social appropriation of science strategy through a seedbed called STEAM +A which seeks to contribute to the social and economic development of the country through the promotion of vocations in science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics in university and secondary education. The experience gained through the implementation of this strategy generated the need to validate through a study observational the relevance perceived by the female and male gender in relation to the disciplines. In the collection of information, a perception survey was used that was implemented over a period of two years to young people who participated in the STEAM +A nursery. A total of five measurements were made and the sample varied due to the fluctuation of students at the secondary education level in a public school in the city of Bogotá D.C. (Colombia) it is complemented quantitatively with qualitative data, since they allow for a broader understanding of the situation analyzed. As results, it was identified that there is no significant association between gender and vocations in the disciplines associated with STEAM +A projects.

The main objective of this work was to find out if the performance of the workers and the way of managing the budget affects the results obtained by the municipal administration, using as a case study the Municipality of La Molina, in Lima Peru, a quantitative study, workers of the mentioned municipality were surveyed, 100 in total, using three surveys previously validated by experts, all the tools have questionnaires with Likert scales and the reliability was measured with Alpha de Cronbach. It was shown that in this case, participatory budgeting and job performance have an impact on the management of the municipality of La Molina.

The training of university teachers in digital technologies (TP) represents an important value in the development of their academic work, from that perspective is necessary to analyze in depth the skills that teachers have through the application of the TPACK model (Technological, Pedagogical, Content Knowledge). For the analysis of the model, an already elaborated instrument was applied, which was modified and its validity was verified by means of the review of experts in the branch. In the same way, the analysis of internal consistency was carried out by means of Cronbach's alpha, obtaining a value of 0.733. The analyzed sample was of 238 teachers, the study has a quantitative, descriptive and transversal approach, the main results give place to the fact that the competences that teachers possess are in constant evolution, so among the technological, pedagogical and disciplinary competences in an independent way they manage to reach high competences in the teaching staff, not being the emerging competences of TPACK where a decrease in their integration is manifested and this effect may impact significantly in the teaching-learning process, this not only allows to know the current situation of teachers in the integration of TD, but also provides a very general vision of the training that students acquire mediated by digital environments. Although the technological skills that teachers develop are not the solution in itself to all educational problems, it should also be emphasized that these skills are framed in synergy with pedagogical and content knowledge, in order to achieve educational quality.

Con posterioridad a la disolución de la Unión Soviética, comenzó un periodo de revisionismo histórico respecto de lo que había sido la producción arquitectónica bajo este régimen, en especial en aquellos países del Asia Central y del Cáucaso, que se independizaron luego de un prolongado periodo de sometimiento soviético. Lo que ha motivado que en gran parte de estos países esta producción arquitectónica haya quedado en un estatus ambiguo, entre la renovación o la ruina. El abandono y deterioro en que se encuentran estos inmuebles ha hecho su presencia más notoria en el paisaje urbano. Es sobre este tema que se quiere tratar en este artículo, tratando de entender el contexto dentro del cual surgieron, y los ideales utópicos que ellas representaban, además de las causas o motivos por los cuales estas obras finalmente se han convertido en algo más próximo a una distopía pos moderna, que la utopía que las vio nacer.

El origen de la forma en el proyecto de arquitectura contemporáneo de Mansilla + Tuñón [1992-2012], está determinado por un motor de arranque, compuesto por sistemas abstractos, reglas de juego y diagramas, y un proceso de oscilación de las ideas a las formas y de las formas a las ideas. La forma inicial del proyecto, abstracta y genérica, fruto de los intereses personales u obsesiones privadas, se concreta y especifica en su contacto con las necesidades públicas o condicionantes particulares. En una aproximación entre lo natural y lo artificial, el proyecto es especie en el origen de su forma, e individuo en su concreción. Las relaciones formales y conceptuales entre los proyectos posibilitan la continuidad evolutiva de las especies, distinguiendo entre familias y series. Las familias relacionan las especies a través de la forma mediante la construcción de árboles genealógicos, y las series relacionan las especies a través de las ideas mediante la construcción de constelaciones. El registro, clasificación y diagramación del universo de relaciones de parentesco entre los proyectos, construye un catálogo de especies abierto, flexible y productivo, donde el concepto de tipo está en permanente re significación y evolución.

Conocer a José Antonio Corrales me permitió descubrir su atención y sensibilidad precisas hacia el lugar: mis visitas a su estudio, las charlas con él, sus dibujos y proyectos inéditos, junto a sus poemas. Se presentan aquí documentos que nos ayudan a profundizar en su pensamiento. También algunos de sus versos desconocidos que reflejaban sus impresiones y que me abrieron una nueva faceta suya, íntima e imprevista. Una nueva perspectiva desde donde comprender su obra. Tres proyectos en Sotogrande, Cádiz, de la misma fecha. Para el Parador, ya publicado, la documentación inédita nos descubre nuevas claves para su entendimiento. Y dos casas no publicadas. En las tres obras, los procesos cautivan tanto como sus resultados, reflejando el encuentro de Corrales con la tierra. Si el verdadero lugar se proyectaba sobre su sensibilidad, Corrales responderá con su arquitectura, proyectándose en ella, y por tanto también sobre el lugar como respuesta.

Este artículo pretende explorar la experimentación dentro de OMA con los edificios-objeto como elementos autónomos con respecto al contexto en el que se sitúan, y de cómo esta praxis de des contextualización de la intervención tiene una clara raíz surrealista, movimiento de vanguardia que Koolhaas reivindica desde su época de estudiante en Architectural Association de Londres. Los conceptos de extrañamiento, detournement y objet trouvé, propios del surrealismo y de otras vanguardias herederas del grupo de Breton como el arte conceptual y las performances, serán mecanismos habituales en OMA durante los más de 40 años desde su formación. Edificios anónimos, misteriosos, casi siempre de escala descomunal, que pertenecen al ámbito de lo amoral y, como ya profetizó Koolhaas en Delirious New York, una nueva especie de mutantes, de monstruos colosales, que concibe y dispersa por las principales metrópolis del mundo.