Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Modern State ideal is to protect the social body and this protection signs up the social agreement against raw nature status. This paper rises from an hypothesis where fear is a key emotion to understand power relationships between subjects, State -as abstract machine-, economical flows and geopolitics. All of the previous as an excuse from above to organize bodies and, therefore, population. In this way, security perception used by capture devices forces urban space reconfiguration under the spell of fear into a insecurity scenario. Now, this dangerous environment creates a specific type of subjectivation: citizens which move between  mistrust and anxiety are produced by reconfiguring signs like those bodies marked as dangerous: stranger, indigenous, poor, displaced, afro, latino and infected (Covid 19 as ongoing example). In sum, space and subjectivity are products of an insecurity rhetoric used as an excuse to carry out control and domain devices of governmental biopower, all of the previous ruled by ideas in which some bodies can be disposed and others should be protected.

Los procesos de globalización, neoliberalismo y capitalismo han llevado al mundo a una condición límite, sobre todo a la ciudad cosmopolita y contemporánea, contenedora de personas y actividades. Lo que se vive, como consecuencia de la pandemia mundial en acto, no produce ni ruinas ni escombros como afirmaba Walter Benjamin, se trata de una potencia aniquilante, tecnológica y primitiva a la vez. Las ciudades se ratifican como un hecho social y espacial al mismo tiempo, en donde la construcción de lo urbano, lo arquitectónico y lo social siguen dinámicas espontaneas (bottom-up) y planificadas (top-down). Surge el gran desafío de tomar decisiones hacia donde ir, repensar la ciudad y la arquitectura de una manera sistémica e integrar la naturaleza para alcanzar un futuro sostenible

En una época de incertidumbre y ambigüedad, la reciente desaparición del arquitecto italiano Vittorio Gregotti (1927- 2020) sitúa en el centro del debate la cuestión de su herencia, un patrimonio de arquitecturas y escritos que testimonian la vida de un inquieto y culto burgués que amó la Arquitectura. Un amor prolífico, vivido con una mirada siempre crítica sobre el hacer –entendido también como pensar– y alimentado por un continuo autoanálisis sobre el choque, a veces quijotesco, entre la práctica del arquitecto y “su tiempo”.

The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted inequalities in territories configuration. In Ecuador´s case, not all the people have had facilities to access to priority equipment, which are part of semipublic space. Starting from this background, many inquiries have surged regarding to which are the equipment citizens look for to cover their principal necessities and, which of them are near their places. To carry out this analysis it has been run a non-probably sample based on the application of a survey called “What do I need near my home – COVID 19?” This poll was made with the purpose to determine priority places people need to have around their home moreover how often people use these.  Secondly, as a result, with an indicators application was possible to define the influence radius of these places. This exercise made possible to understand which should be an appropriate neighborhoods configuration to lead to these territories the capability of providing first necessary services. The new possible essential services configuration, suggested by the indicators, could reduce unnecessary people movements and, consequently, the disease contagion and propagation risk, additionally, an improvement of settler’s life quality could be generated. Finally, to contribute and thus achieve sustainable and resilient territories, suggestions for city actors have been made  

Pandemic research are focuses on its escalation and impact on the most vulnerable segments of population. However, there is a little empirical evidence on the relationship between economic vulnerability and territorial expansion that has led by Covid19. This study aims to analyze the socioeconomic conditions of a population group -using a quantitative method (with the use of surveys and administrative records)- that carries out their work activities around fairs, markets and popular shopping malls of the city. Results show that there is an economic and labor inequality that forces them to leave to public space becoming a population exposed to virus contagion. There is a high and positive correlation (0.433) between these workers and the contagion level of city sectors where they exercise their economic activity. Finally, starting from public space as a transformative element of socio-spatial dynamics after the pandemic, a series of reflections that help to rethink the city and architecture in the 21st century is made.

This article is an essay about some of the future challenges for the urbanism raised from a sanitary pandemic, the one produced by the COVID-19, and the new dynamics and needs emerged from it. The reflection is the result on urban research experience that allows to understand the situation and the usual practices, that can be reinterpreted in the light of the new scenarios, opening new working lines. The text addresses three questions. The first one, try to place in the temporary context the present moment, to show the urban innovations that are behind the pressure of sanitary situation of the population and which has been the urbanistic answer.  A situation that is not new but it has been formulated in a different way. The second analyse the effects in short and middle term on the contemporary urban program, that inspires the urban project, and the dissonance that exists between environment, economy and society, showing the most affected, from the urban point of view, by the pandemic and where to focus the corrective measures. Finally, we point out five themes where to orientate the research, the decisions to take and the model changes for the future.

Education is recognized as a universal way of overcoming social and economic problems across history. Countries that have been able to value and use all the tools and technologies in the educational context, are those that currently stand out in the global context, in terms of capacities to solve contemporary challenges, to value work, to undertake modernization processes in management public and advance in effective fundamental rights for its citizens. The idea of this article is to reflect and analyze how the National Education Plan (PNE) is articulated with the 2030 agenda of UNESCO, of which Brazil is signatory country. From this debate, we seek to understand the ways and challenges to achieve the objectives assumed by Brazil in the agreed time. Throughout the text, we will seek to foster the idea of how the educational planning that Brazil could follow to face the challenges of current reality, within a country that has unequal conditions of opportunities for its population. Therefore, we propose to analyze if this strategic forecast and its tools are really the way to go.

In Mexico, school dropout has increased significantly in recent years. High school dropout is part of a national problem that requires immediate attention. There is a common simplistically thought that leaving school is due to a family, personal or unilateral decisions which depends on the financial situation of the student, or on the lack of individual capacity to learn. School dropout is a multifactorial phenomenon, which is affected by economic deficiencies, lack of support, as well as processes of psychological and biological change, as well as situations of risk, given the increasing violence and the deterioration of the social fabric in practically throughout the country. So, Mexico is a country of children and young people who must be in school, that is their only chance of transcending social context and economic mobility is education; here lies the importance of knowing what the dropout or dropout phenomenon is and how it is behaving, particularly in secondary education. It is concluded that a constant growth of students in the upper secondary level can be observed, which may be due to the inertial growth of demographic rates that automatically impact the student population. However, if a comparison is made between the number of students at the elementary level and the upper secondary level, a large decrease in students is observed, which, according to the percentages mentioned, is due to the lack of interest, aptitude or requirements for enter school. Currently, Mexican government is promoting various support programs for those cases in which students lack resources for their studies, in order to provide them with more opportunities to continue their studies.

Based on NATO’s scheme by C. Hood in the Tools of Government and other key contributions, this work focuses on defining a model of educational policy analysis at formulation stage. It focuses on primary school curricula as a framework, although this starting point only constitutes the space that guides the development of the propose model here. Fundamental concepts such as power and educational policy are developed. To operationalize concepts, the model identified a series of instruments managed by actors who use them, in order to achieve their objectives and interests. The model allows to glimpse the strategies of the actors to make their positions prevail in the educational policy. In their strategic play, actors formulate educational policies according to their political, economic, social and cultural purposes.

The objective of this paper is to advance concepts and meanings that a group of teachers from the public network of elementary education in Brazil give to the concept of educational inclusion. The research is a case study, with a qualitative approach, developed with 51 teachers from Mato Grosso do Sul and its Municipalities of Campo Grande and Aquidauana in Brazil. This paper gathers information from teachers through a questionnaire. For the treatment of the data, a content analysis was carried out that allowed us to identify concepts and meanings that teachers give to inclusion. This study concludes that we are still in the process of creating inclusive education and that efforts must continue to be made, regarding a clear dissemination of the concepts and ways of working in this new school model. At the same time is identified an important advance with quite optimism that a broad and coherent conceptualization is presented, with the principles of inclusive education and the students it serves. Although this is not as conclusive in all cases, this finding may imply the creation of a culture of inclusion. A window of opportunity here opens in the sense of knowing now the educational practices that teachers are doing in their classrooms from the knowledge expressed by them.