Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The crimes of money laundering, financing of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (hereinafter ML / FT / FT), have potentially devastating adverse effects on the economy, society, and security for the State. That is why it is necessary to identify those actions of clients that have a legitimate origin of those they intend to carry out in order to cover up illicit business. Organized criminals use various criminal strategies such as extortion, blackmail or murder, seeking to win the favor of the Administration, eliminate competition, circumvent justice and, of course, obtain resources. Strategies that in some cases could involve the service offered by Lawyers and Notaries Public, for which it is necessary to convert them into new subjects bound by the Prevention of Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and Financing the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (LA / FT / FP). In our country, the process of creating regulations to punish these crimes was a bit late, however it has accelerated at this time, given the urgent need to prevent and punish them, as well as to comply with the Group's recommendations. of Financial Action, GAFI. This investigative analysis includes all those aspects related to the new obligation of Lawyers and Notaries Public, duly authorized and incorporated before the Supreme Court of Justice of Nicaragua, to prevent, detect and report activities potentially linked to money laundering, terrorist financing and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and associated precedents. As well as the possible legal consequences for non-compliance with these duties.

Informal commerce is defined as a progressive activity established in different parts of society, without having a specific establishment to carry out its sales, being located in strategic places in the cities. According to an analysis of the determinants of labor informality in Latin America, it is established that 47% of employment is informal. This panorama allows us to analyze the relationship between the factors that motivate informality in business and the social coexistence that is generated in the municipalities of Estelí, Chinandega, Ciudad Sandino and Tipitapa as references for this analysis. These municipalities have commerce as one of their main activities in common; they are also municipalities with high population density, especially in urban areas, a favorable condition for the establishment of businesses since there is a greater demand. The Government of Nicaragua has implemented a series of programs and actions whose strategic logic is to facilitate the generation of new enterprises, improve the quality of existing ones, and facilitate the registration of businesses in order to reduce the informality gap. In Nicaragua there is a problem of informality in trade that has been a consequence of all historical stages. The main factors that determine the informality of businesses is the unequal economic growth that generates the need in a large sector of the population for self-employment, high unemployment rates, bureaucratic red tape, lack of rules and regulations or slight enforcement.

In traditional education a colloquial adage said that "the letter with blood enters", and although today in the popular gatherings it is remembered with jocularity and mischief, in the traditional school of the 70's this expression had severe implications, since we were placed in the school where contradicting a teacher's argument, disregarding any orientation, failing to do homework, not memorizing and not reciting the lessons as they were, led to imminent punishment. That is why this research starts from these assumptions and makes a copious compilation of testimonies in the voice of students from the 70's, who in their Primary Education studies were punished and years later decided to embark on the adventure of practicing the teaching profession. The methodology used to develop the study was oral history, and included the participation of eighteen key informants who were interviewed virtually in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the study allow us to characterize the types of punishment, causes, consequences, the role of parents and the role of future teachers who were punished in their school training.

The student movements in Nicaragua have been present in the historical future of the nation and have had an impact since the beginning of the process of independence of Spain in 1821, although the participation of students during some periods was not visible in society, it should be noted that they have played a fundamental role in the formation of the Nation State and therefore of the historical memory of the country. The Association of Secondary Students must be conceived as a particular movement in Latin America, since it was led by high school students, without conducting the university students of León, Managua or Carazo. These high school students developed various activities of organization, agitation and mobilization in the city of Matagalpa until they reached one of their best known actions as was the "Insurrection of the boys", element that highlights and particularizes it, in the same way they play an important role with their participation in the Sandinista National Liberation Front that guards the overthrow of the Somoza Military Dictatorship on July 19, 1979, which they took standout as grassroots and intermediate cadnois at the Regional Faustino Ruiz "El Cuje".

The Saemaul Undong is presented as a contribution to rural development in Nicaragua. The study presented here aims to explain the factors that made possible the transformation of rural communities in South Korea and the factors that can make possible its application in Nicaragua from the realities themselves. The methodology used for this study was documentary research, which involved the review, analysis and discussion of the issues addressed. The main result of the analysis is that the agro-export model in Nicaragua has not meant a comprehensive economic development strategy for the country, while the Saemaul Undong, with its elemental or 1.0 principles of Diligence, Self-help and Cooperation, as well as the 2.0 principles of Sharing, Service and Creativity can constitute active principles for achieving community-based rural development. The conclusion is that it is necessary to learn about other countries’ experiences that can contribute to improving the quality of life in the countryside.

The present ethnobotanical analysis has a descriptive qualitative character with a multidisciplinary approach, this would be a first approach to learn about the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Nancimi community located in Rivas. The results of this analysis allow us to glimpse topics about the cultural modification of the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Nancimi, Tola, whose source of influence can be attributed to globalization, however, the agricultural culture of the area has ancestral traits such as the use of the espeque, it should be noted that the practice of extensive agriculture has caused the disappearance of common plants in the locality which are currently only recognized by a few inhabitants, observing that the plants commonly used are recovered on the banks of the rivers, in the home gardens or have been introduced from Costa Rica.

This essay has been prepared with the intention of highlighting the importance and contributions of Social Work as a discipline of professional training in the application of social policies in Nicaragua. For this, a brief determination of the characteristics of the social policy implemented by the most recent governments in the country is rescued, emphasizing the relationship between social policy and Social Work as a channel for the needs of the population. In this dynamic, clues of the historical framework are developed, both in Nicaragua, the discipline as a public medium and the application of social policy as a means of development. It is concluded that the efforts made by the Government of Reconciliation and National Unity, in these years, through the emblematic social and solidarity programs have had a fundamental impact on the quality of life of Nicaraguans, where Social Work professionals as servants audiences are contributing significantly.

Are presented in this communication, research results of the comparative analysis between two pre-hispanic funerary contexts of very early periods (500aC-500dC), both the municipality of Muelle de Los Bueyes in the Region autonomous of the Caribbean South Coast (RACCS) of Nicaragua. The results of the archaeological studies in Muelle de Los Bueyes have generated new interpretations associated with socio-cultural practices of early times, fulfilling the proposed objective that expressed the identification of those elements that reflected differences in classes or social hierarchy, based on the distribution and type of materiality recovered in the contexts studied

This article critically reflects – from a perspective which is called here “the underside of history perspective” – about the supposed need to create a new world order found in speeches of the “world macro politics”. It is argued that the statement of the need to create such a new order is widely spread at present, and it should be thoroughly examined by the “small countries” of the world – if they are to maintain their sovereignty in the coming future. It is also shown that the vision of the new world order found in those speeches hides the tendency toward power concentration, and of the possibility to deepen the subordination of the small countries of the planet.