Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The purpose of this article is to discuss the ethical implications in the fields of advertising and journalism that have arisen from the development of digital image editing. Supported by perception theorists, cognitivists and semioticians we present a brief review of the main ideas about the realism in photographs and then review the main ethical concepts that are the basis for understanding the object of study. Besides, we observe how, in Brazil, organizations related to the fields of advertising and journalism see this practice. Assuming that even if the belief in the natural bond of photographic representation with reality cannot be sustained, we must consider that the common person is not in a permanent state of readiness to question the images found on the pages of newspapers or magazines.

What place should have Ethics and Deontology in any Journalism curriculum? This paper analyzes the most common answers the literature gives to this question. It also presents the main findings of a survey conducted in fourteen countries of the European Union (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom) and the responses of fifty Communication Ethics professors to a questionnaire about the place of Ethics in Journalism curricula.

In a context that demands an increasing emphasis on process standardization for filmmaking, this article proposes an organizational chart based on the decision process and a model for the production of audiovisual pieces. The main properties of this proposal are the simplification of the organizational chart to one that has a maximum of four autonomous decision making levels; and a graphical representation of the workflow of an audiovisual piece, via the method of process modelling, used mainly on engineering

This article shows that television news, the emblematic public service programs in television networks, have bowed to the commercial pressures of the media and have introduced non-conventional practices in the daily work of the news report. The analysis of the news in the leading private television channels in Spain reveals how the frontier between advertising and journalism has been obliterated. The audiovisual information – as shown in this paper – has been contaminated by commercial advertising practices and the self-promotion strategies of television networks.

Despite the great quantity of sources from the Internet in news writing, production routines are still focused on checking the veracity of the source. Although there are many different points of view in the way Internet can affect the search of information, the journalists interviewed in this study consistently emphasized that their targets have not changed regarding the requirements over liability of information and news, even if they are obtained using traditional ways such as face to face, phone calls, or by surfing the Internet.

This paper analyzes gender, sexual orientation, nationality and age diversity in the Spanish television series broadcasted in prime time during 2016 and the first semester of 2017. We used content analysis on a sample of more than 700 characters to create a diversity index, and conducted a survey to analyse the perception of the population. Thus, two studies were carried out in this analysis, in addition to the creation of an ad-hoc index. After analyzing the data, it is concluded that, in general, the diversity shown in Spanish audiovisual fiction is low (0.76 on a scale of 0-4), with significant differences among the series; however, Spanish citizens expressed a slight agreement (2.16 on a scale of 0-4) that women, people over 65 or the LGBT+ population were accurately represented in TV series, while they neither agreed nor disagreed that the percentage of foreign characters corresponded to reality

The brand mania is characterized by an unreflective and excessive consumption, guided by the exhibition of brands, symbol of prestige and identification with the great media personalities, including sports figures. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of hidden advertising and brands in Physical Education textbooks in Spain. This aspect compromises the current legislation and educational objectives regarding education for responsible consumption. We conducted a descriptive and content analysis of 6,773 photographs, performed univariate and bivariate analyses, and applied the χ2 test, with a significance level of 95%. The percentage of photographs with brands in Physical Education textbooks indicated a lack of attention to this phenomenon by the educational institution. Textbooks reproduce the brands system and sports sponsorship in their photographs. The presence of photographs with brands in sports clothes entrenches the branding phenomenon in pupils. The hallmarks found in these textbooks are linked to competitive people, who belong to the elite, wear brand clothes and profit from sports sponsorship, regardless of the business ethic of the sponsoring company. Thus, school manuals contribute to private commercial interests

This article provides a diagnosis of the presence of Basque, compared to Spanish and English, in the creation and consumption of new Internet audiovisual formats among Basque adolescents, in the context of a bilingual society. The results derive from a survey filled out by 2,426 students of Secondary School (12-16 years old) from Guipúzcoa, and analyze the taxonomy of Internet media products that these adolescents follow and create. The use of language and geographic distribution locate these prosumers, in whose hands is the survival of Basque language on the Internet. The data obtained proves the existence of two crucial factors that geographically identify and locate young Basque prosumers, who play a strategic role in the survival of their language. The first is the main use of Basque over Spanish in their daily life, as well as in their academic and technological environments. This factor is directly related to the second factor: the coexistence of different sociolinguistic realities in the Basque Country. These young prosumers mainly come from inland Basque-speaking regions, with very few living in urban areas where Spanish prevails. This research lays the foundations for the implementation of an institutional program to create engaging online audiovisual content in Basque for young people.

This research sought for automated strategies of creation or diffusion of electoral propaganda in social media during Chile’s 2017 presidential campaign. We collected and analyzed almost 2 million tweets that utilized election hashtags or were linked to one of the candidates or their campaigns; we also collected and analyzed 2,927 official Facebook posts of the candidates and 453,668 comments. While on Facebook the behavior was relatively normal, we discovered that on Twitter there were digital brigades who act autonomously in astroturfing campaigning during the first round of the election.

This article explores how socioeconomic status and level of education relate to the retention or change of media habits, such as cable or satellite television viewing, in periods of a stagnant or declining economy. Particularly, we explore two of the most important markets in the Latin American region (i.e., Brazil and Mexico), which went through similar economic downturns, but different social experiences in recent years. Survey data from Kantar Media’s Target Index (TGI) Latina service —the most extensive market study in the region— and qualitative data from a second online survey conducted through eCGlobal online panel have been analyzed. Data reveals that the rush to cancel cable or satellite television services did not occur at the high rates expected and were not remarkably influenced by social class, as they were by education factors.