Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objetivo: Partindo da hipótese de que, no Brasil redemocratizado, o Poder Judiciário desempenha função análoga à do Poder Moderador da Constituição Imperial de 1824 e promove acúmulo de poder e desequilíbrio político, o artigo busca apresentar criticamente alguns dos principais postulados da teoria constitucional de limitação de poder de Benjamin Constant e, com base nesta, investigar a atuação jurídico-política dos juízes e tribunais nacionais (em especial, do Supremo Tribunal Federal), que desempenham papel fundamental na dinâmica democrática do País.Metodologia: Adota-se, quanto à natureza, metodologia aplicada, pois pretende oferecer respostas práticas sobre a jurisdição constitucional no Brasil; quanto ao objetivo, metodologia explicativa, pois pretende delimitar a relação entre a teoria de Benjamin Constant e a judicialização da política, assim como identificar algumas das principais consequências desse fenômeno para a democracia nacional; quanto à abordagem do problema, metodologia qualitativa, pois pretende analisar e interpretar a expansão funcional dos juízes e tribunais sobre controvérsias políticas e morais sem limitá-la a elementos numéricos específicos. Através principalmente de revisão bibliográfica, investigação legislativa e análise de casos, desenvolve-se pesquisa verticalizada sobre a temática proposta.Resultados: Conclui-se que a ideia de manutenção de equilíbrio político através da atuação majoritária de juízes e tribunais, novos pretensos agentes externos, neutros e reativos, viabiliza que o Poder Judiciário ultrapasse as suas amarras constitucionais e decida qualquer controvérsia política ilimitadamente, usurpando a soberania popular e fragilizando o pacto democrático estabelecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A solução para o desequilíbrio político não reside na autoridade de um agente político superior; mas sim na ativa atuação política popular e efetivação do sistema de freios e contrapesos.Contribuições: O artigo, através de análise histórico-política das bases teóricas do constitucionalismo nacional, elucida alguns dos mais relevantes pontos da teoria de Benjamin Constant e de como esta foi recepcionada pelo constitucionalismo nacional e ainda oferece algumas possíveis explanações sobre a judicialização da política brasileira e a sua influência sobre o delineamento jurídico-político do Brasil redemocratizado.

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem a finalidade de oferecer uma resposta possível à crise do direito político moderno, apontada por Simone de Goyard-Fabre em sua análise do Estado de Direito. Para tanto, estuda-se a teoria crítica de Seyla Benhabib, por meio do universalismo interativo pensado pela filósofa, a fim de estabelecer uma ponte entre a importância que ambas as teóricas fomentam acerca da consideração de uma razão universal, porém apontando as discrepâncias entre a compreensão de ambas sobre o funcionamento do espaço público e consequentemente do direito.Metodologia: O texto foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, com revisão doutrinária de abordagem filosófica no âmbito da teoria política, buscando associar epistemologias complementares ao campo teórico referido.Resultados: Identificou-se que as bases da crise política são as mesmas que levam à crise do direito público, como construído por ambas as filósofas, contudo considera-se que o universalismo interativo filosoficamente elaborado por Benhabib (1992), utilizando o modelo discursivo da ética habermasiana, funcione como uma ferramenta a ser usada para interpretar a formação e o funcionamento da esfera pública de forma mais adequada do que o modelo proposto por Goyard-Fabre (2002).Contribuições: A contribuição perpassa pela identificação inovadora dos elementos trazidos pelo estudo da teoria de Benhabib (1992), como capazes de responder aos questionamentos levantados por Goyard-Fabre (2002) a respeito das causas da crise na elaboração e na manutenção do direito. Nesse sentido, um novo olhar sobre a pluralidade dos contextos humanos é lançado à reflexão sobre o Estado de Direito. 

Informed consent is a concept resulting from the transformations that occurred in the relationship between doctors and patients throughout the twentieth century. The main change occurred with the overcoming of the Hippocratic paradigm of medicine by another that privileges the patients’ right of self-determination. Although there is not yet a law that provides for this institute in the country, it is already recognized by the case law. The incorporation of this concept by legal thought reveals a new understanding for the doctor-patient relationship. Inthis article we seek to discuss the nature of informed consent, exposing its requirements and application limits. For this, besides theoretical references about the notion, we also expose a research about the applicability of the concept from the court decisions of the State of Rio de Janeiro between 2002 and 2016, in order to expose how the process judice has contributed to the consolidation of the patient’s right to self-determination, as well as the difficulties that still need to be overcome.

Objective: The purpose of this essay is to verify whether or not there is a European identity and what are its characterizing elements, trying to understand the consequences of this fact for Europe - in particular for the European Union - and for the world.Methodology: This is an interdisciplinary research of a historical, philosophical, political, cultural and legal nature that relies on a deductive methodology of document analysis aiming at the articulation of diverse knowledge. Articulation is possible by defining a matrix of knowledge from a holistic perspective.Results: There are evidences of the existence of different perspectives on European identity, which is essential for understanding political and social processes in Europe. It is also evident that there is a need for a minimum understanding between political agents and citizens about what European identity is for the European construction project to subsist.Contributions: The main contribution of this research is to show that the European integration process is not simply technical, but political. Being political, it requires to rethink the process of exercising power, both in the European Union and in the States, replacing the classic logic of power by power with a logic closer to the citizens.

This article deals briefly with how religious freedom becomes relevant for Criminal Law. It considers both the possibility of it serving as aim of protection by criminal statutes, and the role religious motivations that guided the offender may play when we examine criminal liability.

Over 700 of vegetable species in the world are capable of accumulating in their tissues large amounts of metal elements (Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Mn and Zn, among others); that is why they are called metal hyperaccumulators.This physiological process has been interpreted as an adaptation of plants to the metal polluted soils where they live. Leucocroton havanensis Borhidi is an endemic Ni hyperaccumulator species of xeromorphic thorn bushes on “serpentine soils” in Cuba. Due to the high concentrations of Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Mg and Fe, together with the low concentrations of Caand macronutrients such as N, P, and K, these metal polluted soils host a high representation of endemic plants with distinct physiological characteristics. The L. havanensis species is classified as endangered in the Red List of Cuban Flora due to the reduced amount of existing population because of human economic activity. Phytoremediation and agro-mining have been implemented in several countries within the context of sustainable development. These new technologies use hyperaccumulating plants as an alternative way to extract metals from the soil. Damage to the environment is thus avoided and the phytogenetic resources of the miningareas are preserved. The ecological function of metal hyperaccumulation may be related to the defense of these species against pathogens and herbivores. The Hyperaccumulated Ni in the leaves of Streptanthus polygaloides protect the plant from the attack of bacteria and fungi and from the Ambigolimax valentianus slugs.

The aim of this article is to establish the first findings, at Metropolitan Lima level, about the problem of stress and risky eating behaviors and personality in the non-obese university population. One of the most critical stages to reinforce these new habits is during childhood; however, due to the changes that are taking place at contextual and technological level, the university stage is also considered as a critical stage for the human being. Issues such as stress are somehow soothed by certain personality features and by habits acquired during childhood. However, it is important to be able to set up a study to identify more factors that intervene in this problem and, in turn, find prevention methods in order to foster healthy eating behaviors in the students.

The Autism spectrum disorder is considered as a group of gradation in the social behave, communication, language and the stereotype of interest and restricted activities. This condition is co-occurring to psychological affections. Psychological teleassistance has been a powerful tool during the COVID19 Pandemic. The purpose of this study was to describe the procedure and function of the Psychological teleassistance to Autism university students who suffer anxiety, depression and psychotic episodes, describing the process, showing the strategies, techniques, tools and all technological resources, also to establish the benefits and limits to make an excellent attention online. The study was descriptive, the sample was made up of 10 university students diagnosed with Autism from a private higher educational institution in Lima. The Psychological Teleassistance allowed identifying the causes of the occurrence of critical episodes that were grouped into typical factors and factors that are related to the symptoms of autism, proved to be a useful resource because it allowed identifying needs, establishing an online database, applying techniques adapted from cognitive behavioral therapy remotely, and include parents. It was concluded that Psychological Teleassistance requires assessment instruments adapted to the condition, in addition, it can be applied in different settings and with different modalities, contributing to the future development of skills for the autistic population.