Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The municipalities in the Buenos Aires suburbs acquired various positions under the fluctuations of national policy. Specifically, in regard to the implementation of social policies. In this work we address the execution of the Argentina Work - Social Income with Work Program by the Municipality of La Matanza (2009-2018). To do this, we propose a diachronic look after its emergence during the government of the Front for Victory and its completion with the Change Alliance. Specifically, we focus on the political, functional and material dimensions of the local program implementation regime from the municipality. The methodology used is qualitative composed of requests for information, semi-structured interviews conducted both to representatives of the executing agency and to the incumbents and participant observation.

The Los Lagos Region, in southern Chile, has a continental and an archipelagic-insular part, determining switching processes. This article analyzes, from the theory of graphs, the mobility between the communes of such space at two time points, years 2002 and 2012. The results show the importance of location and distance generating patterns of concentrated mobility and with different centralities. It is noted that within the regional space there is a concentration of commutations in the major cities of Puerto Montt and Osorno, polarizing their own spaces. However, smaller and island cities such as Castro, project themselves as dominant poles in their nearby territory, implying new challenges for the communal capitals.

The article analyzes the issue of forced disappearance in Central American through the documentaries Ausencias (Absences) (2015) by Tatiana Huezo, and El cuarto de los huesos (The Room of the Bones) (2005) by Marcela Zamora. My approach emphasizes the vibrant and dynamic link that is established between those disappeared by one of the multiple forms of violence that shakes Central America, those present who wait and look for them, and the spectators who have watched for the documentaries. I approach trauma and memory by looking at the bodies, affections, emotions and intimacy of the families of the disappeared, thus expanding the range of perspectives and stories about trauma and memory. From this study, it emerges that mourning does not constitute the only affective modality with which to reflect on these aspects, but it only represents one of the modalities of the affective charge that is unleashed in the relationship between absent, present and spectators.

La ciudad de Antigua, en Guatemala, ha sido y continúa siendo evocada a través de la palabra diluida en la historia y la memoria. Prueba de ello es el libro Poesía-documento, titulado Antigua Luna (2017), de la escritora costarricense Magda Zavala, publicado en 2017 por la editorial Letra Maya, dentro de la Colección Kayab, en Costa Rica. Este poemario, dividido en tres secciones; I. Capital de los Confines, II. Espacios y voces y III. La visitante, recoge entre sus versos los resabios coloniales de un pasado épico, que convive con un presente transnacional y postmoderno. Ahí es donde los cimientos indígenas sostienen identidades en permanente reconstrucción, aprendida a través de cinco siglos de sobrevivencia en la desigualdad.

Los Colaboradores de la Revista Ístmica Número 26

The quality control of concrete paving blocks in Ecuador has remained unchanged since 1987, using as a criterion of quality and durability the value of the compressive strength of the block under the concept of global indicator. This indicator assumes that when the axial load carrying capacity specification is met, it will cover requirements such as abrasion resistance, therefore the expectations of the paving surface design life. However, in recent years an early deterioration of the paving brick surfaces has been verified in general despite compliance with the axial load carrying capacity requirements established in the Ecuadorian standard. Under these conditions, the University, the construction industry and the Ecuadorian Standardization Institute (INEN) decided to adapt a new control standard in which the indicator of acceptance is broken down into several physical and mechanical parameters, using the European standard EN 1338 as a reference document. Among the parameters, the quantification and assessment of abrasion resistance became of greater interest, both because of the lack of abrasion resistance of most of the production in the country, as well as the test method to be used. The present article, based on a traditional statistical analysis of 516 abrasion resistance tests by means of the wide wheel abrasion test method (EN 1338) performed at the Construction Materials laboratory of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador (PUCE) between 2010 and 2015, verified the symmetrical normal distribution behavior of the two lots in which the data were classified; one corresponding to plants that maintain quality control processes and another to plants without control in addition, quantified the characteristic tyre track value according to the abrasion test in the analysis period. Through the information obtained, the need for abrasion control has been justified, as well as the recommendation to establish a specification for Ecuador, different from that established in the European standard

The following study evaluated the viability of a modification in the procedure established in ASTM C1609 in order to lay evidence of the usefulness, or not, of the aforementioned standard in the testing of synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (SNFRC). Likewise, a comparison between the results obtained in flexural tests developed in accordance with EN14651 and those provided by the American statute was realized. A pseudoductil performance was found for SNFRC in which the addition of fibers allowed the concrete to resist loads even after its modulus of rupture was reached. Also, it was determined that a reduction in the loading rate established in ASTM C1609 allows for a higher probability of success for the test, especially when low fiber content is used. Furthermore, the speed reduction did not affect the results provided by the test. The European standard did not cause any inconvenience in the test execution, nevertheless, its results were not completely comparable to those obtained via de American normative.

This article presents the development curves of compressive strength through curing time for concrete mixtures made with three types of modified cements marketed in Costa Rica, and their combination with national aggregate from sources of pit and river. The cements used for the investigation were MM/A (E-C) – 28, MM/B (P-C) – 28 and MP A – AR, defined according to regulation RTCR 479:2015 Materiales de Construcción. Cementos Hidráulicos. Especificaciones. Due to the lack of resistance development curves for concrete made with different types of modified cements and aggregates commercialized in the country, the objective of this investigation was focused on obtaining such curves and the resistance development percentage. All the material used, was characterized according to the ASTM o INTECO standards procedures; it was also verified that the aggregates and cement to be used were adequate by the parameters established in ASTM C33/C33M-18 and INTE C147:2018, respectively. Cylindrical specimens of 150 mm x 300 mm were used to determinate the compressive resistance, being failed at 3, 7, 28 and 56 days; following a mix design determined from the ACI 211-91. A statistical analysis was performed to the generated data to establish relationships and support the results obtained. With this investigation it was possible to demonstrate that the cements commercialized in Costa Rica with a degree of blast furnace slag are able to present a significant resistance gain in the concrete after the 28 days of curing, the greater compressive resistance of the concrete is generated when using river aggregate, and generally the strength of the concrete does not vary significantly when using the same type of cement for different aggregates.

Chip seals are an alternative to preserve the current condition of a road and to improve some of its characteristics such as impermeability and surface texture. Despite its benefits, there is currently no formally defined test method to evaluate the laboratory performance of chipseals elaborated from different materials or design methodologies. For this reason, in this article, based on a series of modifications made to the ASTM D7000 test, the performance of chipseals developed from the design methodologies adopted by the transportation agencies TxDOT and Austroads is compared. These methodologies start from the two most fundamental lines of thought for the design of asphaltic surface treatments, the Hanson principles, used in the Austroads method and the Kearby principles, used in the TxDOT method. From the tests carried out, it was determined that the Austroads methodology promotes chipseals that would have a greater amount ofremaining aggregate, after simulating the effects of vehicular traffic on the samples of asphaltic surface  treatments prepared, being an aspect that could positively influence their performance.