Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Discussions about methodology have become commonplace in postgraduate programs. This  paper focuses on the Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) and shows how the methodology was conceptualized and implemented by Roque Moraes, from the perspectives of the authors’ journeys. It introduces the historical movement of DTA development, based on the Content Analysis at its beginning and how, inspired by Husserl's Phenomenology and Morin's Complexity, it has been moving towards Hermeneutics.  Knowing the theories which support the DTA enables better understanding of the ways in which it impacts researchers and the development of qualitative studies. A conceptual framework is proposed to enable researchers to describe the conditions of use of the DTA based on theoretical arguments. Keywords: methodology; Phenomenology; Hermeneutics; Complexity.

This paper focuses on the valorization of the Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) as a fundamental aesthetic-educational methodology and highlights its sensitive and creative dimension in qualitative research. Based on the description of the three self-organized moments of the methodology created by Moraes and Galiazzi, relations were established between every stage of analysis and aesthetic- educational aspects experienced in these movements. Thus, researchers’ sensitivity, listening skills, sensitive look, emotions, feelings, common sense, subjective perception, creativity, intuition and imagination should be developed as essential elements to carry out successful research with the DTA. Keywords: Sensitivity; Creativity; Human Condition; Aesthetics; Aesthetic Sense.

Foi com entusiasmo que recebemos o convite dos editores da Revista de Pesquisa Qualitativa para elaborarmos um dossiê sobre a metodologia de análise de textos em pesquisas qualitativas denominada de Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Encaramos o desafio pensando em dois aspectos. O primeiro, de ordem afetiva, é a homenagem a nosso orientador, Prof. Roque Moraes, que desenvolveu e cunhou a Análise Textual Discursiva em um tempo que se concretizou quando fomos seus alunos de doutorado na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. De muitos diálogos, originou-se o livro Análise Textual Discursiva (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2007), mas as marcas de sua elaboração estão em seus textos anteriores. O segundo aspecto é o da difusão dessa metodologia em diferentes campos de pesquisas qualitativas, especialmente na Educação, na formação de professores e no Ensino de Ciências. Esta provavelmente foi a razão pela qual os editores da Revista de Pesquisa Qualitativa fizeram o honroso convite, o qual não poderíamos deixar de aceitar. Estávamos no início da primavera e tínhamos uma estação do ano para aprontar o trabalho. Tínhamos que estar isolados e usar máscara ao sair, lavando sempre as mãos! Justamente na primavera, período que nos inspira a pensar em renovação e que, neste ano, em particular, nos estimula a ter esperança!

This paper reflects on the in-between spaces in which the Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA) is found in relation to the Content Analysis (CA) and Discourse Analysis (DA). It is a theoretical study with empirical research, structured in five items. It starts upon the distinction of idealists and materialists, to characterize the phases of the theoretical production by Moraes as early and late stages. Then, we conceptualize the term discourse at the DTA, on the idea that there is a twofold meaning: social discourse, and textual discourse. Later, the paper distinguishes amongst discourse study and discourse analysis theorists. Finally, the work presents some aspects of the theoretical and analytical device of DA according to its French branch. It finishes by saying that, between the two poles in which DTA is found, there exist epistemological distinctions. Keywords: Discursive textual analysis; Discourse analysis; Content analysis.

Sumário completo da RPQ, v. 8, n. 19, dez. 2020

Introduction: cervical pain is a symptom frequently found in clinical practice. One of the most frequent treatments for this condition, specifically for disc herniations, is discectomy with anterior cervical arthrodesis. The use of iliac crest graft is the habitual practice in Cuba, although it is gathered the antecedent of the use of other materials.Objective: to compare the behavior of grafts of bovine cortical, hydroxyapatite, polymethylmethacrylate, chromium-cobalt-molybdenum and tricortical autograft of iliac crest in the intervertebral space C6-C7 before the usual loads of cervical column.Methods: an experimental study was carried out by means of numerical simulation according to the finite element method, the different grafts were subjected to the axial loads recommended by the ASTM F2423-11e ISO 18192-1.2011 standards by means of the Free CAD 0.18 software in the C6-C7 space of an experimental model of the cervical spine.Results: the highest stresses supported by different grafts were: tricortical: 19190 kPa, xenograft: 13210 kPa, hydroxyapatite without porosity and with 50% porosity: 41500 kPa and 45100 kPa, respectively, polymethylmethacrylate: 4440 kPa and chrome-cobalt-molybdenum: 148470 kPa.Conclusions: all the grafts resisted the applied load except for the hydroxyapatite with 50% porosity. The tricortical graft described an adequate behavior. All caused stress in the adjacent vertebrae, mostly polymethylmethacrylate and chromium-cobalt-molybdenum.

Introduction: severe corneal ulcer is a disease that is not treated in a timely manner, usually with complications and sequelae and can compromise visual function, requiring strict monitoring and hospitalization.Objective: to describe the clinical-epidemiological behavior of patients diagnosed with severe corneal ulcer.Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study in 52 hospitalized patients diagnosed with severe corneal ulcer at “Arnaldo Milián Castro” Hospital in Villa Clara Province in the period from January 2016 to December 2019.Results: Men predominated (67.3%) with ages of 60 years and older, this same age group had the highest number of patients (63.4%), 75% were of rural origin and here the male sex contributed 50%, systemic diseases were the main predisposing factor in 69.2%, in 71, Bacteria were isolated from 2% of the culture samples, so vancomycin and ceftazidime in fortified eye drops were used, each one, in 40 of the patients in the study, 34.6% presented complications and it was corneal perforation (19.2%) the predominant one, 67.3% maintained a hospital stay of 8 to 14 days.Conclusions: severe infectious keratitis is frequent in older male adults of rural origin, systemic diseases are the main predisposing factor, bacteria are the causal agent in the majority, vancomycin and ceftazidime fortified eye drops were mainly used and complications, such as corneal perforation, lead to an increase in hospital stay.

Introduction: the treatment of the airway is important in the care that involves the practice of the Specialist in Anesthesiology, the prior identification of the patient with an anatomically difficult airway is a priority. Objective: to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the different tests for anatomically difficult airway. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out with quantitative-qualitative methods in 3,520 patients over the age of 19 of both sexes who received endotracheal general anesthesia for elective or emergency surgery at the "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Hospital from February 2018 to February of 2019. Several predictive tests were used and applied in the immediate pre-operative period. The history of anatomically difficult airway, the presence of signs of upper airway obstruction and difficulty in mask ventilation were specified, and the degree of difficulty of laryngoscopy was determined. Results: the incidence of difficult intubation was 1%, the increase in body mass index, signs of upper airway obstruction and difficult mask ventilation were significantly related to difficult intubation. Predictive tests showed high specificity and a high negative predictive value but low sensitivity, the interdental distance revealed the highest sensitivity and the movement of the atlanto-occipital joint the highest positive predictive value. Conclusions: predictive tests revealed high specificity with low sensitivity and a directly proportional relationship between anatomically difficult airway and the number of predictive tests with positive results.

Introducción: el carcinoma basocelular produce invasión local con destrucción y daño tisular y es la neoplasia cutánea más frecuente, sobre todo en pacientes de raza blanca y que viven en las zonas próximas al ecuador. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia absoluta de la dermatoscopia en el diagnóstico del carcinoma de las células basales. Método: estudio analítico transversal en una población de 120 pacientes mayores de 30 años del área sur de la Provincia de Ciego de Ávila con diagnóstico clínico de carcinoma basocelular. Se realizó la estimación puntual y por intervalos de confianza del 95% de la sensibilidad, la especificidad, los valores predictivos positivos y negativos para lo que se compararon los resultados obtenidos por dermatoscopia con el patrón de referencia (evaluación histológica). Resultados: predominaron el sexo masculino y las personas mayores de 60 años, de color de la piel blanco, y las lesiones se localizaron, con mayor frecuencia, en la cara y en el cuello. El patrón clínico predominante fue el carcinoma basocelular pigmentado y los patrones histopatológicos con mayor incidencia fueron el sólido quístico y el adenoide. Las telangiectasias ramificadas y la ausencia de retículo pigmentado fueron los principales hallazgos dermatoscópicos. Se encontró una alta correspondencia entre los diagnósticos histológico y dermatoscópico. Conclusiones: con el uso de la dermatoscopia se incrementa la eficacia del diagnóstico del carcinoma basocelular. Constituye un procedimiento necesario en la práctica dermatológica diaria y un complemento insustituible del examen clínico si se realiza con especialistas entrenados en la técnica y con experiencia en su uso.

Introducción: según la literatura existen discrepancias entre los hallazgos en el ultrasonido, la resonancia magnética nuclear y la artroscopía, por lo que se considera a esta última como el patrón de oro para el diagnóstico de lesiones de estructuras internas de la rodilla. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre el ultrasonido, la resonancia magnética nuclear y la artroscopía en lesiones meniscales. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional en el Hospital “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la Provincia de Villa Clara entre enero de 2015 y marzo de 2017. Resultados: el 3,33% de los pacientes tenía entre 40 y 49 años y el 77,7% era masculino. En el 58,7% la rodilla afectada fue la derecha y en el 86,1% la causa fue no traumática. Según la localización de la ruptura meniscal el mayor número de lesiones del menisco medial se diagnosticó por RMN (61%) y US (58%), las del menisco lateral fueron diagnosticadas por US (41%) y artroscopía (39%). El ultrasonido y la resonancia mostraron una buena concordancia para la localización y la ubicación de la lesión. Conclusiones: la correlación fue muy buena para las variables analizadas entre los tres métodos diagnósticos, la mayor es entre la resonancia magnética y la artroscopía debido al índice de coincidencia detectado entre ellos.