Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of the research was to establish the degree of influence of the productive linkages and productive systems in the productive economic growth of the Curahuasi district, Abancay province - Apurímac region - period 2010-2015. Work was done with 22 territorial actors between associations and individual producers. The technique of documentary collection and survey was used. The results showed that the agriculture, livestock, hunting and forestry sector represents 30% of GDP; the gross domestic product increased to 37.1%; 81.6% are individual farmers, 90.9% are dedicated to the economic activity of the agricultural sector, the productive linkages, show 81.8% of the suppliers are from Curahuasi, 54.5% of services are located in Abancay. In production systems, 63.6% of sales occur in the local market, 54.5% are direct sales, and 72.7% use own brands. 72.8% consider that the location of competitors is of little or regular importance; and for 81.8% microenterprises are the most important competitors; price being the most competitive factor. The degree of influence of the productive linkages and productive systems in the productive economic development, has been significant in the economic well-being, meanwhile, in the social well-being, no improvement is appreciated.

The National Autonomous University of Tayacaja Daniel Hernández Morillo, presents Vol. 4, No 1 (2023) of the Journal of Scientific and Technological Research "Llamkasun" which is a publication published every six months by the UNAT and managed through the Open Journal System. Its objective is to publish articles that are the results of concluded investigations that preserve a character of originality, utility, scientific and technological relevance; that contribute new knowledge on theoretical or practical aspects in the specialty of "Civil Engineering, Industrial Processes and Technologies", according to the indicated norms. Certified Magazine with ISO 9001:2015 - Certificate PE22/819943899 (Publication of scientific articles with implemented processes of the quality management system - SGS). The Llamkasun Scientific and Technological Research Journal certifies the quality in the publication of original scientific articles, reviewed by expert blind peers and with a very strict similarity system that guarantees the originality of each article for publication. Additionally, the layout and design process of each scientific article was also certified.

Escolher a melhor forma de tratamento de esgoto doméstico requer análises que permitem a tomada de decisão sobre as soluções ideais de implantação, conforme as particularidades de cada regionalidade, principalmente quando se trata de áreas rurais e isoladas dependentes de soluções descentralizadas. Assim, por meio deste estudo, o método de análise hierárquica — Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) — foi utilizado com base em um levantamento de dados sobre sistemas de tratamento simplificados existentes em municípios de clima temperado sem estação de seca, para avaliar os sistemas prioritários em diferentes cenários considerando-se indicadores ambientais, sociais e técnico-econômicos. Entre os resultados para os cenários realizados, o reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente compacto, o tanque séptico e filtro anaeróbio, bem como o tanque séptico e sistema alagado construído de fluxo subsuperficial vertical foram as soluções que se mostraram as mais indicadas seguindo os indicadores utilizados e as informações existentes. Destaca-se que os resultados se referem à área de estudo em questão, sendo necessárias novas aplicações do método em diferentes regiões climáticas. Com a aplicação da metodologia, a ferramenta AHP mostrou ser um método viável para auxiliar na tomada de decisão quanto à seleção de sistemas de tratamento de esgoto em áreas rurais, o qual, atrelado ao planejamento municipal em saneamento básico, auxilia na otimização dos recursos existentes. A sensibilidade do método revelou a importância de sua aplicação com dados coletados in loco,além da incorporação de opiniões públicas e de especialistas na contribuição do grau de importância dos critérios e indicadores utilizados.

Este artigo atualiza dados de consumo de crisotila (amianto branco) nos contextos global e nacional e apresenta estimativa da quantidade de materiais de cimento-amianto (MCA) em uso no país; discute situações de risco à saúde e ao ambiente, pela liberação das fibras de crisotila, propondo alerta sobre seu uso; e questiona rotas de destinação dos resíduos no fim de vida. Para a atualização global foi pesquisada a evolução de mercado e banimento, foram levantados dados de consumo interno de crisotila de 1998 (período de permissão de uso) até 2017 (ano do banimento), a geração de resíduos de cimento-amianto (RCA) (2012 a 2017), assim como o percentual de fibras por compósito e o fator durabilidade. Constatou-se significativa diferença entre a média anual de produção de MCA (1,38 milhões t) e a geração de RCA (17 mil t), revelando grande quantidade em uso e mostrando que a capacidade instalada dos aterros classe I no país está aquém da demanda projetada de RCA. Considerando-se aspectos de reúso, manutenção, poluição e ações climáticas, além de situações associadas às características construtivas de moradias de baixa renda com telhas de cimento-amianto, perigos foram identificados aos moradores pela possibilidade de inalação de fibras de amianto. Essas situações requerem gestão adequada dos MCA e RCA, com rotas para tratamento e recuperação, mapeamento das áreas de uso, monitoramento e medidas preventivas como medição das concentrações de fibras/cm³ no ambiente, bem como criação de instruções técnicas para a capacitação de mão de obra para a remoção e destinação seguras, visando à redução de risco à saúde da população exposta.

The crude oil spill that occurred in 2019 at the Northeast Brazilian Coast is considered one of the most severe disasters recorded in tropical coastal regions. In order to contribute to the understanding of the impact generated by the disaster, this work linked oil sightings by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) with the Coastal Sensitivity Index (CSI) of the Environmental Sensitivity to Oil Spills Maps (Carta SAO), generating an overview of the types of coastal environments affected by the oil. This crossing was carried out through the public vector bases in the Geographic Information System. The results show that intermediate beaches, mangroves and Salt Marshes, reefs and tidal flats recorded more than 50% of sightings with oil residues. At the end of this analysis, the environments that still had oil records were mangroves and Salt Marshes, and intermediate, dissipative and gravel beaches. The analysis allowed us to understand the main environments affected by the spill along the coast, also indicating the need to adopt mechanisms that integrate public data to assist in the structuring of oil combat mechanisms, with actions to combat oil arising from any spills on the Brazilian coast becoming more effective.

Remote sensing techniques are of fundamental importance to investigate the changes occurred in the terrestrial mosaic over the years and contribute to the decision-making by increasing efficient environmental and water management. This article aimed to detect, demarcate and quantify the hydric area of Poço da Cruz reservoir, located in Ibimirim, Pernambuco, semiarid region of Brazil, with modeling based on Landsat 8/OLI satellite multispectral images from 2015 to 2020, and to relate it with data from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) satellites average rainfall. For this purpose, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) was modeled, being produced georeferenced theme maps and extracted only the pixels represented by positive spectral values, which represent water targets. The open-access software Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS, version 2.18.16) was used for all stages of digital image processing and connection with complementary databases on the theme maps elaboration. In the results, changes in the spatial distribution of Poço da Cruz were evidenced and analyzed using precipitation data from the CHIRPS product, allowing a better understanding of the rainfall behavior in the region and its influence. The MNDWI was lined with the CHIRPS product, in which the spatial correlation between the rainy event and the water area’s delimitation is documented, especially in October 2017 (minimum values) and October 2020 (maximum values).

Wild animal trafficking is a growing practice worldwide and a complex problem that brings a lot of profit, moving billions of dollars. This illegal trade has Brazil as route due to its rich biodiversity. It is widespread throughout the state of Pernambuco, having constant growth because the state is in a geographical position that favors this type of illegal practice and has a great diversity of species. Thus, the objective of the study was to perform a spatial analysis of wild bird trafficking in the municipalities of the state of Pernambuco in the period from 2016 to 2021, through an exploratory data analysis with seven variables that could explain its occurrence. It was used as methodology the global and local Moran’s indexes, all implemented in the Geographic Information System software. The findings revealed that the municipalities that showed high average rates of wild bird trafficking in the investigated period, in general, are geographically close to those that also showed high rates of seizure of birds, Intentional Lethal Violent Crime, Violent Crime against Property, and unemployment. In general, the results allowed us to conclude that the methods of spatial cluster analysis proved satisfactory for the analysis in question. Moreover, it is important to note that the precarious enforcement favors the continuity of this practice, and there is an urgent need for environmental policies to restrain it effectively.

Flood processes become increasingly harmful to communities due to factors such as climate change and land use. This study aims to evaluate the economic damages of flood events in an area of the urban basins of Lages/SC. Thus, four plans were considered for economic evaluation: one referring to conditions without protective measures and three with the application of elevation of structures at different heights, as well as two scenarios of the evolution of urban occupation. The rainfalls were obtained through the Gumbel probabilistic model to estimate the maximum accumulated precipitations over 5 days, with the hydrological modeling carried out at the HEC-HMS. The hydrodynamic modeling was performed in HEC-RAS through the simulation of a 1D model. The HEC-FDA model was used to perform the risk reduction analysis of damage caused by floods, where the expected annual damages (EAD) were calculated for the four proposed plans as well as for the urban growth scenarios. The results showed that the application of the mitigating measure of raising the structures reduced the EAD by up to 83.10%. As for the scenario of the evolution of urban growth, there was an increase in EAD of 62.09%, in the interval of 20 years. The HEC-FDA model has been demonstrated as good software for assessing the economic damage of floods in different scenarios, showing results that can help decision-makers in the development of public policies.

A investigação científica de vetores de doenças é indispensável para o conhecimento de sua ecologia, pois eles afetam a saúde da população humana. Neste trabalho, apresentamos os resultados da distribuição e abundância de Aedes aegypti e Ae. albopictus nos parques estaduais Massairo Okamura e Mãe Bonifácia, em Cuiabá (MT), Brasil, para compreender como as alterações antropogênicas da paisagem interferem em sua proliferação nas áreas naturais silvestres inseridas nas áreas urbanas. O principal foco foi o de investigar a coexistência dessas espécies nos locais de captura. As coletas foram realizadas em oito campanhas em um período de 11 meses do ano de 2019, por meio de ovitrampas, com o total de dez armadilhas para cada parque. Os resultados das variáveis abundância (n) e umidade relativa do ar (%) foram analisados pelo programa Statistic 7.0 usando a análise de variância (ANOVA) fatorial. As 7.117 larvas quantificadas produziram 1.462 adultos para os dois parques, com variabilidade significativa nos valores médios de abundância entre os meses e entre os pontos de amostragem. O registro da coocorrência de Ae. aegyptie Ae. albopictus resultaram em sua coexistência e no uso de criadouros análogos sob as condições vantajosas para sua colonização. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que os parques apresentam vulnerabilidades com relação à proliferação de vetores e os ambientes deverão ter constante vigilância epidemiológica. Diante de um quadro grave quanto às arboviroses, torna-se imprescindível a adoção de estratégias com maiores investimentos em métodos adequados, que forneçam sustentabilidade às ações estabelecidas pelas redes de vigilância.

In Brazil, the access and development of technologies for application in agriculture is a fact, highlighting the use of pesticides in crops, including family farming. However, some factors aggravate the risks related to the use of pesticides in family farming, such as the low educational level, the lack of knowledge about the risks, and the failure to follow safety instructions. Thus, the present work aimed to identify the pesticides used by family farmers in the Union of Associations of the Salitre Valley (União das Associações do Vale do Salitre – UAVS), analyzing the method of use employed and the possible risks that pesticides offer to the health of farmers. The work was carried out with 31 family farmers from the district of Junco (Juazeiro-BA) who use pesticides in their crops. The information was obtained from the application of semi-structured questionnaires. As a result, it was observed that 100% of the farmers are male, with an average age between 34–41 years, and that, despite the low educational level, no illiterate farmers were identified among the participants. Most of the pesticides used are toxicologically classified as extremely toxic, and are used by 68% of the interviewees. Furthermore, the practice of mixing pesticides was identified. It was also found that a large part of the pesticides used were applied on plants not indicated on the package leaflets. The findings of this study serve as guidance for actions of the society and the government, in order to provide a safer and more productive activity for family farmers.